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Antibodies to discontinuous or conformationally sensitive epitopes on the gp120 glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency ... Antibodies to discontinuous or conformationally sensitive epitopes on the gp120 glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 are highly prevalent in sera of infected humans. We have used an indirect-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to quantitate the reactivity of sera from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected humans with native recombinant gp120 (HIV-1 IIIB or SF-2) or with the gp120 molecule (IIIB or SF-2) denatured by being boiled in the presence of dithiothreitol with or without sodium dodecyl sulfate. Denaturation of IIIB gp120 reduced the titers of sera from randomly selected donors by at least 100-fold, suggesting that the majority of cross-reactive anti-gp120 antibodies present are directed against discontinuous or otherwise conformationally sensitive epitopes. www.aegis.com /aidsline/1993/apr/M9340020.html   (650 words)

Molecular Mimicry Between the Rabies Virus Glycoprotein and Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 GP120: Cross-Reacting ... Boldface letters indicate amino acid identities between gp120 and the rabies virus glycoprotein, italic letters indicate identities between gp120 and snake neurotoxins, italic bold letters are used for amino acids that are identical in gp120, rabies virus glycoprotein, and snake neurotoxins. ELISA on gp120 of the serum from the rabies vaccinated patient in the presence of peptide B2. To test whether the binding of HIV-1 gp120 to the nicotinic receptor could be mediated by the gp120 sequence, which mimics the nicotinic receptor-binding motif shared by snake neurotoxins and rabies virus glycoprotein, the synthetic peptide B2 was tested for its ability to interfere with the binding of the nicotinic receptor to gp120 in BIAcore. www.bloodjournal.org /cgi/content/full/90/9/3623   (3513 words)

Wayne A. Hendrickson The V3 loop of gp120, which was removed to form core gp120, is also critical for the interaction with chemokine receptors, and the acquisition of additional positively charged residues in the V3 loop is associated with the evolution of HIV strains from CCR5 to CXCR4 utilization. The structural properties of gp120 coupled with an analysis of epitopes for various antibodies suggest a variety of mechanisms by which HIV is able to evade humoral immune responses. Nearly all of the exposed, nonreceptor surface in the gp120 trimer is clad in a carbohydrate cloak and is essentially devoid of antibody epitopes. www.hhmi.org /research/investigators/hendrickson.html   (1414 words)

HIV-1 Envelope gp120 Inhibits the Monocyte Response to Chemokines Through CD4 Signal-Dependent Chemokine Receptor ... Monocytes loaded with indo-1 were preincubated in the absence (A) or the presence (B) of gp120 (MN; 50 nM) for 1 h at 37°C. The Ca mobilization stimulated by gp120, chemokines, and FMLP was monitored by FACS analysis. The gp120 inhibits the capacity of monocytes to bind chemokines. Gp120 is present on the plasma membrane of apoptotic CD4 cells prepared from lymph nodes of HIV-1-infected individuals: an immunoelectron microscopic study. www.jimmunol.org /cgi/content/full/161/8/4309   (6222 words)

Recognition of HIV glycoprotein gp120 by T cells. Role of monocyte CD4 in the presentation of gp120. The presentation of gp120 to gp120-specific human T cell clones was blocked by pretreatment of monocytes with anti-CD4 mAb. These results indicated that the anti-CD4-mediated inhibition occurred at the level of the monocyte, was specific for the gp120 response, and was operative at the initial Ag uptake phase of the Ag-processing pathway. These results demonstrate that gp120 expressed by human monocytes plays an important role in the initial uptake of gp120 by monocytes and that gp120 taken up via CD4 is subsequently processed to allow for exposure of epitopes recognized by gp120-specific human T cells. www.aegis.com /aidsline/1989/jun/M8960066.html   (546 words)

IAB: Our AIDS Drug - Immudel(TM)-gp120: References Internalization of HIV glycoprotein gp120 is associated with down- modulation of membrane CD4 and p56lck together with impairment of T cell activation. Characterization of gp120 binding to CD4 and an assay that measures ability of sera to inhibit this binding. The first is that there should be activation of lymphocytes, which has been well documented in seropositive individuals, and the second is the presence of gp120 and anti-gp120 antibodies: both have indeed been detected. www.scarf.org /drug/tech-ref.html   (3579 words)

HIV gp120 inhibits the somatotropic axis: A possible GH-releasing hormone receptor mechanism for the pathogenesis of ... HIV gp120 inhibits the somatotropic axis: A possible GH-releasing hormone receptor mechanism for the pathogenesis of AIDS wasting -- Mulroney et al. HIV gp120 inhibits the somatotropic axis: A possible GH-releasing hormone receptor mechanism for the pathogenesis of AIDS wasting the GH suppression by gp120 in both of the pituitary cell paradigms. www.pnas.org /cgi/content/abstract/95/4/1927   (366 words)

Solution structure of the HIV gp120 C5 Domain -- Guilhaudis et al. 269 (19): 4860 -- FEBS Journal   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13) The HIV gp41 ectodomain is shown in blue and is a taken from the model structure [33], which is based on the NMR structure of the SIV gp41 ectodomain [18]. The gp120 C5 structure is shown in red and is taken from the present work. The gp120 core is shown in green; the CD4 receptor is shown in cyan, and the antibody 17b is shown in violet. content.febsjournal.org /cgi/content/full/269/19/4860   (4260 words)

article In this paper the researchers were attempting to discover more about how the gp120 glycoprotein of HIV binds to the CD4 glycoprotien of a host cell. To first discover the structure of gp120 and how the virus binds to a normal cell, the group used a method called x-ray crystallography. On the surface of the HIV virus, the exterior envelope glycoprotein is gp120 which binds to its primary receptor, the CD4 glycoprotein, on the host cell. student.biology.arizona.edu /honors98/group2/article.htm   (467 words)

p38 MAP kinase-mediated negative inotropic effect of HIV gp120 on cardiac myocytes -- Kan et al. 286 (1): C1 -- AJP - ... gp120, that resides on the surface of the HIV virus (18). Pretreatment of ARVM with 5 µM SB-203580 blocked the negative inotropic effect of HIV gp120 as shown in Fig. HIV-1 gp120 and chemokine activation of Pyk2 and mitogen-activated protein kinases in primary macrophages mediated by calcium-dependent, pertussis toxin-insensitive chemokine receptor signaling. ajpcell.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/286/1/C1   (4432 words)

CBER Research Project: Novel Reagents for Making gp120 Conjugate and Particulate Vaccines   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13) HIV envelope glycoprotein gp120 contains epitopes which are targeted by broadly cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies in humans and which depend on the native protein conformation. Based on mapping these epitopes on the three dimensional structure of gp120, we have found an acceptor site, where foreign protein sequences can be inserted without disrupting the native folding of gp120. This is the first multimeric gp120 vaccine, and we anticipate that it may elicit a strong immune response in mice and monkeys. www.fda.gov /cber/research/0900310.htm   (461 words)

gp120-induced alterations of human astrocyte function: Na+/H+ exchange, K+ conductance, and glutamate flux -- Patton et ... of gp120 to uninfected monocytes induced overexpression of proinflammatory Because the effects of gp120 on astrocyte whole cell currents were dependent on Na, and because gp120 had no effect on astrocyte Na conductance itself, it was hypothesized that alterations in Na exchange could mediate the effects on K In these experiments, gp120 was used to alter the transport characteristics of astrocyte plasma membranes. ajpcell.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/279/3/C700   (4395 words)

Inhibition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 gp120 Presentation to CD4 T Cells by Antibodies Specific for the CD4 ... with gp120, inhibited the proliferative responses of gp120-specific in response to gp120 or gp120 complexed with anti-gp120 MAbs. chemokine receptor CXCR4 caused endocytosis of gp120 and the coreceptors jvi.asm.org /cgi/content/full/75/22/10950   (5129 words)

Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Inhibits Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1/gp120-Mediated Cerebellar Granule Cell Death ... Cerebellar granule cells were exposed to inactivated gp120 (A) or gp120 (B) for 6 hr and then stained for gp120 (green) and cleaved caspase-3 (blue). ) is temporally distinct from that of gp120. Ullrich CK, Groopman JE, Ganju RK (2000) HIV-1 gp120- and gp160-induced apoptosis in cultured endothelial cells is mediated by caspases. www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/23/13/5715   (4870 words)

Truncated gp120 envelope glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus 1 elicits a broadly reactive neutralizing immune ... Truncated gp120 envelope glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus 1 elicits a broadly reactive neutralizing immune response -- Jeffs et al. PCR amplification of gp120 sequences both for expression of soluble proteins and for generation of chimeric constructs. Percentage inhibition of mAb 2G12 or 39.13g binding to FL gp120 in the presence of serum from PR12 gp120- (rats 7, 8) or FL gp120- (rats 10, 11) immunized rats. vir.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/83/11/2723   (5014 words)

Pfam 18.0 : GP120   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13) The entry of HIV requires interaction of viral GP120 with P01730 and a chemokine receptor on the cell surface. The entry of HIV requires interaction of viral GP120, an envelope glycoprotein with humanT-cell surface glycoprotein CD4 and a chemokine receptor on the cell surface. Proteins belonging to this family are found in HIV types 1 and 2, and Simian Immunodeficiency virus (SIV). pfam.wustl.edu /cgi-bin/getdesc?name=GP120   (92 words)

HIV turncoat: gp120 unbound   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13) The structure of the gp120 envelope protein from HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) bound to the CD4 receptor from the host cell has been known since 1998, but its structure prior to receptor binding had remained elusive. At last unliganded gp120 from simian immunodeficiency virus has been successfully crystallized, and its structure determined to 4 Å resolution. The protein's shape is very different in bound and unbound states: this large-scale structural change may be part of the subterfuge used by gp120 to evade the host's immune system. www.nature.com /nature/links/050224/050224-4.html   (169 words)

Inhibition of Murine Embryonic Growth by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Envelope Protein and Its Prevention by Vasoactive ... to assess the contribution of gp120 to the pathology of HIV infection. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of gp120 on the growth of whole cultured early postimplantation Pulliam, and A.S. Lau (1995) The HIV envelope protein gp120 is toxic to human brain-cell cultures through the induction of interleukin6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. www.jci.org /cgi/content/full/99/12/2837   (3887 words)

HIV-1 gp120 and chemokines activate ion channels in primary macrophages through CCR5 and CXCR4 stimulation -- Liu et ... Recombinant gp120 was produced as described (23) in 293 T cells infected with gp120-expressing recombinant vaccinia viruses by transfection with the gp120 plasmid as described (23). The reversal potentials for currents evoked by gp120 were determined in normal (squares) and low sodium (circles) bath solutions (lower panels of A and B). www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/97/9/4832   (4753 words)

HHMI News: First Contact A neutralizing antibody against gp120 produced by immune system cells is shown in blue. The chemical composition of the gp120 molecule was one of the biggest obstacles faced by researchers. Kwong, a postdoctoral fellow in Hendrickson's lab who began the gp120 project eight years ago, devised several ingenious biochemical techniques to shave off roughly 90 percent of the sugar from the gp120 protein. www.hhmi.org /news/hendrickson.html   (869 words)

HIV gp120 receptors on human dendritic cells -- Turville et al. 98 (8): 2482 -- Blood At days 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8, cells were preincubated with either saturating levels of Leu3a (10 µg/mL) or mannan (5 mg/mL) and subsequently exposed to saturating levels of b-gp120 as outlined in Figures 1 and 2. Because MDDCs are derived in vitro, it was important to determine the gp120 binding receptors on ex vivo blood DCs. The b-gp120 was added as outlined in Figure 1A and DC subsets analyzed for gp120 binding after CD11c staining. www.bloodjournal.org /cgi/content/full/98/8/2482   (6225 words)

Gp120-Induced Bob/GPR15 Activation : A Possible Cause of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Enteropathy -- Clayton et al. 159 ... Calcium signaling was induced by gp120 and blocked by pertussis toxin, U73122, and anti-Bob antibodies. Gp120 effects on microtubules were blocked by anti-Bob, pertussis toxin, and U73122. We suspect that gp120 causes HIV enteropathy by the following mechanism. ajp.amjpathol.org /cgi/content/full/159/5/1933   (3893 words)

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 gp120 Induces Apoptosis in Human Primary Neurons through Redox-Regulated Activation ... gp120 induces apoptosis and cell death in human primary neurons. Cells were treated with different concentrations of gp120 for 1 hr. gp120 in the presence or absence of hypoxanthine (5 µ www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/24/43/9531   (5272 words)

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