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Topic: Graceful degradation

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	Fault-tolerance - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Fault-tolerance or graceful degradation is the property of a system that continues operating properly in the event of failure of some of its parts.
		If its operating quality decreases at all, the decrease is proportional to the severity of the failure, as compared to a naively-designed system in which even a small failure can cause total breakdown.
		HTML for example, is designed to be forward compatible, allowing new HTML entities to be ignored by browsers which do not understand them without causing the document to be unusable.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Graceful_degradation (842 words)

	Encyclopedia: Graceful degradation
		Graceful degradation is a property of a computer system whereby it reacts safely and proportionately to erroneous or unexpected circumstances.
		It does this by causing the endpoints of the communication to degrade gracefully in the presence of packet loss, duplication, reordering and corruption.
		Engineering: Graceful degration is a sought after design feature in fault-tolerant* Life-critical systems whereby the system's is implemented in such a manner that sucessive faillure of sub-components or external components reduce the level of capability of the system in a gradual manner, instead of having the system failling completely.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Graceful-degradation (373 words)

	Dan's Web Tips: Graceful Degradation
		And, in the case of text browsers, yet another level of graceful degradation is provided by the ALT text with the image.
		However, there are occasions where it's useful, such as in popping up reference material to assist somebody in filling out a Web form, without their having to leave the page with the form (and possibly not be able to get back to it if it expires from their cache, losing the data they've partially entered).
		This leaves a lot to be desired in terms of graceful degradation, since non-JavaScript-enabled browsers won't know what to do with such a link at all, and will either do nothing or produce an error.
	webtips.dan.info /graceful.html (2230 words)

	Graceful Degradation: A Fresh Look at Fixin’ Y2K (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Graceful Degradation does not have to mean resorting to yellow pads and #2 pencils.
		This is Graceful Degradation; mitigating the possibility of far greater damage by leaving networks connected that could be subject to the Cascade Effect.
		We all experience degrees of system degradation when we call an airline only to find the "the computers are down." ATM machines might fail for limited periods.
	www.shockwavewriters.com /Articles/WS/graceful.htm (1043 words)

	Ben's web programming pages: XHTML & CSS2
		Graceful Degradation is the principle that a web page should be coded in such a way that if a browser cannot cope with something in it the page can nonetheless be displayed in a simplified form.
		A further requirement for ensuring graceful degradation is making very careful use indeed of client-side programming such as Javascript, Java, and abominations like Shockwave Flash.
		Although they validated as HTML 4.01 Transitional this was nevertheless ideologically unsatisfying and contrary to the spirit of graceful degradation.
	www.edginet.org /techie/website/xhtml.html (905 words)

	Providing Graceful Degradation
		There are graceful degradation facilities built into the PDO/EPB representation - in particular the partial distance ordering itself, and the ``vague direction'' handling features.
		When this value does become known it cannot automatically be substituted back along the path where it was propagated (which might be an ideal for recovery after graceful degradation), but the parts of the reasoning process which need to be re-run can be directly identified.
		Graceful degradation was one area in which the ASSF representation was noticeably inferior to the PDO/EPB representation.
	www.cl.cam.ac.uk /users/afb21/publications/masters/node94.html (342 words)

	Viewable with Any Browser: Accessible Site Design Guide
		Whether this degradation will cause some of your page content to be lost to the browser, or whether the content of your page can still be accessed fully is dependent on whether the degradation is graceful.
		The HTML standards were written with graceful degradation in mind- new attributes to older tags are safely ignored so that the rest of the tag can still function normally, and new tags are written with alternative display for browsers that don't support them in mind.
		If you design pages with graceful degradation in mind, by utilizing the built in elements of the HTML standards, and the advice provided here, you can design pages that should degrade gracefully in all browsers and are accessible.
	www.anybrowser.org /campaign/abdesign.shtml (657 words)

	All A: degradation Z: degradation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Degradation, however, cannot deprive an ecclesiastic of the character...
		or society; diminution; as, the degradation of a peer, a knight, a...
		The HTML standards were written with graceful degradation in mind- new attributes to older tags are safely ignored...
	www.davidchuk.com /degradation.html (202 words)

	Digital Web Magazine - Fluid Thinking
		graceful term in the Web's working glossary, "graceful degradation" is a simple but powerful technique.
		Graceful degradation means that your Web site continues to operate even when viewed with less-than-optimal software in which advanced effects don't work (no CSS in Netscape 3, no images in speech browsers).
		In my view graceful degradation and liquid design are both subsets of fluid thinking, one explaining how to flow around browser support problems, and the other helping us to let go of pixel-precision in graphical design.
	www.digital-web.com /articles/fluid_thinking (805 words)

	Graceful degradation - Ældes med ynde
		Denne webside benytter graceful degradation, hvilket betyder at selv ældre browsere kan se den.
		Graceful degradation betyder, at når man laver en hjemmeside tager man hensyn til ældre browsere, så siden kan ses med disse.
		Det er sandsynligvis en meget lille del af ens brugere der får brug for graceful degradation, men det kræver tilsvarende lidt at lave det, hvis man bruger hovedet.
	www.mikkelsen.tv /simon/gracefulDegradation.php (167 words)

	Patent 4686621: Test apparatus for testing a multilevel cache system with graceful degradation capability
		enabling said degradation mode control means by logic means included in said test mode control apparatus to alter the states of said cache levels to conform to said predetermined states of said number of level bits for enabling the operation of said degradable cache unit and isolation of faults within said degradation mode control apparatus.
		More specifically, the states of degrade mode flip-flops 20-892 and 20-894 define which set or subdivision of levels are to be disabled.
		In this case, the cache unit 20 operates in a second partially degraded mode wherein levels 0 and 1 are switched off-line while levels 2 and 3 remain active.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4686621.html (13007 words)

	CNN - Opinion: Dare to disconnect with a graceful new Y2K fix - February 4, 1999
		I suggest that there is a much more sane and common-sense approach than waiting for disaster to arrive: I advocate Graceful Degradation when it comes to Y2K.
		Graceful Degradation does not have to mean resorting to yellow pads and No. 2 pencils.
		This is Graceful Degradation; mitigating the possibility of far greater damage by disconnecting networks that could be subject to the Cascade Effect.
	www.cnn.com /TECH/computing/9902/04/graceful.y2k.idg/index.html (835 words)

	Graceful service degradation (or, How to know your payment is late)
		Andoni, A.; Staddon, J. Graceful service degradation (or, How to know your payment is late).
		This works well when users make a conscious decision to leave the system or have misbehaved, but numerous cases exist in which the revocation is in error and users are consequently left with the often onerous burden of getting reinstated.
		We introduce a gradual form of revocation that we call service degradation that enables the content distributor to provide ``cues'' to the user in the form of degraded system performance.
	www.parc.xerox.com /research/publications/details.php?id=5396 (233 words)

	XBIZ > The Industry Source (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		I personally enjoy using advanced technologies like DHTML and JavaScript on my sites, but the keys to doing so are "moderation" and "graceful degradation." Moderation is necessary since with such niceties, a little can go a long way (I am reminded of Netscape's "Blink" tag and how overused it was when first introduced).
		Graceful degradation is important because you'll want to be sure that "questionable" technology won't crash a non-compliant browser, or produce "ugly" web pages.
		To ensure a more "graceful" degradation of this tag, I will "center," and then tailor the displayed text to fit on one line if possible.
	www.xbiz.com /articles/technical/0801/14.html (850 words)

	Degradation
		The deterioration in quality, level, or standard of performance of a functional unit.
		In communications, a condition in which one or more of the required performance parameters fall outside predetermined limits, resulting in a lower quality of service.
		There are several forms and causes of degradation in electric signals, both in the time domain and in the physical domain: runt pulse, spike, jitter, wander, swim, drift, glitch, ringing, crosstalk, antenna effect, phase noise
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/d/de/degradation.html (142 words)

	‘Futureproofing’ - the process of active analysis
		With the emergence of new threats and the increasing exposure of companies to traditional threats, an integrated approach to business continuity planning is essential.
		The integrated approach, as presented in this article, is based on the concept of graceful degradation and agile restoration.
		‘Graceful degradation’ refers to the ability of an organisation to identify the event, classify it into a level of severity, determine its consequences, establish minimal stable functionality, devolve to the most robust less functional configuration available and to begin to direct initial efforts for rapid restoration of services in a timely fashion.
	www.continuitycentral.com /feature0137.htm (190 words)

	Printer Friendly Version
		Graceful degradation is perhaps most necessary, however, in the development of wireless software applications.
		Perhaps this is why experienced software engineers and programmers added an unusually humanistic term to their vocabulary: "grace." This is not the unexpected grace of inspiration, but rather the grace of failing with style.
		Graceful degradation is the desired goal of any serious wireless hardware and/or software design.
	www.wsdmag.com /Articles/Print.cfm?ArticleID=6483 (1019 words)

	Managing Multimedia Edition 3 \| Book 2 Ch 5 \| Graceful Degradation
		Sometimes you need to be aware of how your application will behave and look when it is used on a computer platform with fewer capabilities and features than the' optimum' for which you designed it.
		Perhaps the most interesting current examples of graceful degradation (or not) occur on the Web due to the behaviour of web browsers and the presence or absence of plug-ins.
		The original version of the document shows the 'bells and whistles' whereas the 'Gracefully Degraded' version shows how it might look on a lesser-featured browser; without tables or in-line graphics (assuming there are still some of these about - believe me there are!).
	www.atsf.co.uk /manmult/ch_205_degrading.html (340 words)

	Some Myths of Connectionism
		First, non-connectionist systems which exhibit graceful degradation to the same degree and under the same circumstances that connectionist systems apparently do, may be developed at any time.
		Consequently, although the factual claims about the graceful degradation of connectionist systems may, at the current time, suggest that such systems may have advantages over non-connectionist systems for certain types of tasks, graceful degradation alone is not sufficient to support the more general conclusion that connectionist systems are superior to these systems.
		As is the case with the graceful degradation claim, a commonly implied conclusion from the generalization claim is that connectionist systems are to be preferred to competing systems as models of cognitive function.
	www.ucs.louisiana.edu /~isb9112/dept/phil341/myths/myths.html (6773 words)

	Degradation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Degradation is twofold: verbal, ie the mere sentence of degradation; and real or actual, ie the execution of that sentence.
		CORDIO was created in 1999 to assess the widespread degradation of the coral reefs throughout the region.
		graceful degradation: Degradation of a system in such a manner that it continues to operate, but provides a...
	www.bigletterlist.net /w/d/Degradation.htm (520 words)

	ISG FAQ
		The goal is to be able to provide the guarantee of real-time video and audio decoding with possible degradations of the image quality, i.e reductions of the peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), without loosing parts of the image.
		The implementation of specific CGD algorithms which provides the highest complexity reduction for the lowest image degradation is an implementation dependent issue which has no normative implications.
		Graceful degradation parameters for a scalable wavelet codec
	www.chiariglione.org /mpeg/faq/isg.htm (1791 words)

	Graceful Degradation of Multimedia Documents via Partial Order and Partial Reliability Transport Protocols - Conrad, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Section 3 motivates "graceful degradation " of multimedia documents.
		Section 4 presents an example illustrating how a PO/PR protocol can be used to facilitate graceful degradation.
		Graceful degradation of multimedia documents via partial order and partial reliability transport protocols.
	citeseer.lcs.mit.edu /conrad95graceful.html (375 words)

	Graceful Degradation over Packet Erasure Channels through Forward Error Correction - Mohr, Riskin, Ladner ...
		Graceful Degradation over Packet Erasure Channels through Forward Error Correction (1999)
		Abstract: We present an algorithm that assigns unequal amounts of forward error correction to progressive data so as to provide graceful degradation as packet losses increase.
		Mohr, E. Riskin, and R. Ladner, "Graceful degradation over packet erasure channels through forward error correction," in DCC '99.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /mohr99graceful.html (445 words)

	Edapta. Device Independent Workshop Position Paper
		To date, most of the published guidelines from the WAI have (rightly) concentrated on the single source model of graceful degradation; until recently (with innovations such as CC/PP, XSLT, and XHTML), this has been the only reasonable approach to meeting users needs.
		However, a single user interface cannot directly meet the needs of all users in the way that optimized user interfaces may; a solution which relies on "graceful degradation" is by definition a compromise solution.
		Especially when dealing with the needs of multiple disability groups, this has had the effect of introducing cases in which web designers and application developers have had to make difficult choices regarding who would and would not receive the best possible interface to web sites or applications.
	www.w3c.org /2000/10/DIAWorkshop/bartlett.html (1354 words)

	A Product Family Approach To Graceful Degradation - Nace, Koopman (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Abstract: Design of gracefully degrading systems, where functionality is gradually reduced in the face of faults, has traditionally been a very difficult and error-prone task.
		General approaches to graceful degradation are typically limited to re-implementation of the system for a number of pre-designated fallback configurations.
		Additionally, we want to further develop the concept of system utility to not only distinguish between when the system is broken or not...
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /nace00product.html (418 words)

	Graceful Degradation of Speech Recognition Performance Over Lossy Packet Networks (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Graceful Degradation of Speech Recognition Performance Over Lossy Packet Networks (2001)
		A forward error correction (FEC) system is designed and tested over several channel loss models, at variable amounts of data acquisition delay.
		In experiments with simulated packet loss, the FEC system provides robust ASR performance which degrades gracefully as packet loss rates increase.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /riskin01graceful.html (354 words)

	First Look: Pinnacle Edition 5
		Well, for one thing, it's fast (no pun intended), able to stack up at least five real time layers when I first saw it here at the Midwest Test Facility last week, more than two months before Pinnacle says it will be ready for release.
		Graceful degradation, indeed -- I once knew a girl like that.
		If the two-pronged acceleration of the CPU and the GPU doesn't work, and if the background rendering hasn't finished, Edition engages in that graceful degradation mentioned earlier, where the resolution is slowly lessened to make it so you can still see what you'll get after the render.
	www.digitalvideoediting.com /2003/03_mar/features/cw_pinedition5.htm (1067 words)

	Graceful degradation
		Graceful Degradation is an emergency process that teaches an organization what happens when systems fail (either intentionally or accidentally).
		You have to be willing to take down portions of your networks and see what happens.
		Then you have to develop responses and even build custom code to handle such events with greater grace than collapse.
	www.networkworld.com /newsletters/sec/1221sec1.html (462 words)

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