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	FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION : SAFETY
		A highway-railroad grade crossing is an intersection where a roadway crosses railroad tracks at the same level (referred to by civil engineers as the same âgradeâ).
		Public crossings are those at which the highway or roadway is under the jurisdiction of and maintained by a public authority such as a municipality, county, or State agency.
		Private crossings are those in which the roadway is privately owned, as you might find on a farm or within an industrial complex, where the road is not intended for public use and is not maintained by a public authority.
	www.fra.dot.gov /us/content/86 (882 words)

	Level crossing - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The term level crossing (also called: railroad crossing or grade crossing) is a crossing on one level (or "at grade") - without recourse to a bridge or tunnel - used to describe the crossing of a railway line by a road, path, or other railroad.
		In November 2004 there were two major accidents on UK level crossings: one involved a car driver suspected of being a suicide, who caused the death of seven people (see Ufton Nervet rail crash); another involving a train carrying 50 school children resulted in no fatalities but a number of injuries.
		All crossings in the United States are required to be marked by at least a crossbuck.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Grade_crossing (1426 words)

	Encyclopedia: Grade crossing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The term level crossing (Also: railroad crossing or grade crossing) is a crossing on one level, or "at grade" - without recourse to a bridge or tunnel - used to describe the crossing of a railway line by a road, path, or other railroad.
		In November 2004 there were two major accidents on UK level crossings: one involved a car driver suspected of being a suicide, who caused the death of seven people (see Ufton Nervet rail crash); another involving a train carrying 50 schoolchildren resulted in no fatalities but a number of injuries.
		Crossings in the US are delimited by, if nothing else a crossbuck, in all but the most rural and disused crossings alternately flashing red lights, and a strident bell.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Grade-crossing (1128 words)

	FRA Assesses Fines Against CSX Transportation Totaling $227,000 for Safety Violations at Highway-Rail Grade Crossing
		FRA is assessing the statutory maximum of $27,000 for interference with the normal functioning of a grade crossing warning system that resulted in an activation failure, plus $5,000 for each of 30 counts for not reporting the activation failure within the required 15-day period.
		From 1995 to 2004, the number of grade crossing collisions declined by 34 percent, the frequency of such collisions per million train miles decreased by 42 percent, and the number of fatalities fell by 36 percent.
		During the first 11-months of 2005, grade crossing collisions are down 5.1 percent and fatalities have declined 5.3 percent compared to the same period of 2004.
	www.dot.gov /affairs/fra0106.htm (409 words)

	FEDERAL AID RAILROAD/HIGHWAY AT-GRADE CROSSING PROGRAM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Improvements to grade crossings to accommodate both existing and future commuter and intercity passenger trains shall, to the extent possible, be paid for by special funds established for creation of additional commuter and intercity passenger service and not with Section 130 funds.
		Closure of a railroad-highway grade crossing-- Closure is a condition that occurs when vehicular traffic is removed from conflict with railroad traffic at-grade through the construction of physical barriers that prevent such conflicts or the removal of the vehicular roadway, i.e., pavement from the crossing.
		Abandonment of a railroad-highway grade crossing -- Abandonment is a condition that occurs when railroad traffic is removed from conflict with at-grade vehicular traffic through the cessation of all railroad operation or the removal of tracks from the crossing.
	www.dot.ca.gov /hq/rail/dorwebsite/sec130.htm (1268 words)

	Grade Crossings
		Upon properly posting all railroad grade crossings within its jurisdiction and upon implementing the standards established in accordance with section 307.26, the department, city, or county shall not have any other affirmative duty to warn a motor vehicle operator approaching or at the railroad grade crossing.
		Payments from the grade crossing safety fund shall be made by the treasurer of state upon certification by the department that the terms of the agreement have been followed.
		The highway surface through the crossing is in a condition or state of disrepair that requires complete attention from a vehicle driver, or the potentia exists for a vehicle to become stalled on the crossing.
	www.simpson.edu /~iarp/RRxinglaw.html (4546 words)

	5.30 DUTY OF RAILROAD AT PUBLIC HIGHWAY GRADE CROSSING (pre-1983) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Every railroad company is required to maintain at each highway crossing at grade a conspicuous sign with such inscription and of such standard and design as shall be approved by the Board of Public Utility Commissioners, so as to be easily seen by highway travellers.
		Where a railroad crossing is so peculiarly dangerous that a reasonably prudent person could not use the highway in safety, even though the statutory signals by the engine bell or whistle are given, the railroad has the duty to employ extra means to signal the approach of its trains, beyond those required by statute.
		Automatic warning devices at grade crossings, unlike the standard cross-buck sign, are designed to alert the traveller to stop in a place of safety even though he/she does not or cannot see an approaching train.
	www.judiciary.state.nj.us /civil/charges/530.htm (650 words)

	Ohio's Rail Grade Crossing Programs
		The inspectors also monitor railroad rights-of-way and grade crossings for surface conditions, view obstruction, fencing and drainage concerns, conditions on railroad equipment and at rail yards and other facilities, and related safety concerns of both the PUCO and railroad employees.
		Closure projects are generated from a commitment to reduce the risk of crossing incidents by eliminating unnecessary crossings in exchange for safety improvements at another crossing along the same rail corridor.
		An agreement to permanently close a roadway grade crossing to vehicles serves as the local government’s contribution to the project, while the state provides funding for the agreed-upon upgrades.
	www.puco.ohio.gov /PUCO/Consumer/information.cfm?doc_id=901 (1201 words)

	Oregon Improves Grade Crossing Safety
		Over $2 million a year is available to improve grade crossings on state and federal highways and within the existing local street network in rural and urban Oregon.
		Crossings are selected on a priority basis, based on a statewide accident prediction model that uses an exposure factor (number of trains and vehicles), physical characteristics of the crossing, and accident history to develop a list of proposed projects.
		One of the crossings, D Street, was surrounded by a high school, a junior high with playing fields, and an apartment building with an individual requiring full wheelchair access.
	www.betterroads.com /articles/apr02a.htm (1047 words)

	Rail
		Geometric characteristics of grade crossings that can influence their safety include the distance between the traffic light and the crossing, limited sight distance, complex intersections near the crossing, acute angle of intersection between the rail tracks and the road, and "humpback" crossings which can cause long vehicles to become grounded.
		These materials were evaluated in terms of their ability to assist the motorist to: (1) detect the freight car in a grade crossing, and (2) recognize the potential of the hazard, and thus avoid a collision with a train at a highway-railroad grade crossing.
		At a grade crossing, a driver uses sensory information from the train (a "signal" which consists of visual, auditory, tactile and olfactory elements) and the area surrounding the crossing (background "noise") to judge the proximity or position of the train.
	www.photocop.com /rail.htm (5385 words)

	Railroad-Highway Grade Crossing Handbook
		This handbook provides general information on railroad-highway crossings, including characteristics of the crossing environment and users, and the physical and operational improvements for safe and efficient use by both highway and rail traffic.
		The highway component involves drivers, pedestrians, vehicles and roadway segments in the vicinity of the crossing.
		Grade separations, or crossing closures are suggested as improvement solutions where either extremely high or low demand for the crossing exists.
	www.fhwa.dot.gov /tfhrc/safety/pubs/86215/intro.htm (484 words)

	BNSF Closes 2,000th Grade Crossing As Part of Grade Crossing Safety Program
		With every grade crossing eliminated, we're also able to reduce the number of train whistles that must be sounded in the community." The aggressive program will continue in 2004, with a target of more than 400 grade crossing closures for the year.
		From 2000 to 2003, grade crossing collisions on BNSF track declined 26 percent, decreasing from 568 collisions in 2000 to 422 in 2003.
		From 2002 to 2003, the number of grade crossing collisions on BNSF track was reduced by 13 percent, according to statistics reported to the FRA.
	www.bnsf.com /media/news/articles/2004/01/2004_01_19a.html (570 words)

	Highway-Rail Grade Crossing Safety - Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration
		A highway-rail grade crossing is an intersection where a roadway crosses railroad tracks at the same level or grade.
		There are more than 250,000 such crossings in the U.S. Although the highway safety picture has improved considerably over the last decade, 300-400 people are killed every year and more than 1,100 are injured at grade crossings.
		Although collisions involving buses at grade crossings are infrequent, results of such incidents can be tragic.
	www.fmcsa.dot.gov /about/outreach/railcrossing (271 words)

	Train - School Bus Crashes
		The bus had stopped at the grade crossing and was hit in the right front as it pulled out in the path of the approaching Southern Pacific train.
		As the train neared the crossing, crew members noticed the approaching school bus and applied the emergency brakes at a distance of about 100 feet from the crossing when it was apparent the bus would not stop.
		Both signalmen on the train said the automatic bell was ringing continuously on its approach to the crossing, as was the crossing whistle signal and the warning lamps at the crossing.
	www.stnonline.com /stn/data_statistics/railroadcrossings/rr_crash.htm (6091 words)

	Grade Crossing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Money in the Grade Crossing Protection Fund is administered by the Illinois Commerce Commission (ICC) but appropriated to the Illinois Department of Transportation to assist local jurisdictions (counties, townships and municipalities) in paying for safety improvements at highway-rail grade crossings on local roads and streets.
		Administration for Grade Crossing Protection Fund projects is shared between the Illinois Commerce Commission and the Illinois Department of Transportation.
		Whether expenditures and transfers from the Grade Crossing Protection Fund made in Fiscal Years 2001 and 2002 appeared to be in conformity with applicable statutes.
	www.state.il.us /auditor/GRADEdigest03.htm (3212 words)

	EPA - Comprehensive Procurement Guidelines - Railroad Grade Crossing Surfaces
		Railroad grade crossings are surfacing materials placed between railroad tracks, and between the track and the road at highway and street railroad crossings, to enhance automobile and pedestrian safety.
		Railroad grade crossings are made from recovered rubber, concrete containing coal fly ash, steel, wood, or plastic.
		The recommended recovered materials content for rubber railroad grade crossing surfaces are based on the weight of the raw materials, exclusive of any additives such as binders or adhesives.
	www.epa.gov /cpg/products/rail.htm (432 words)

	U.S. Transportation Secretary Announces Funding for Grade Crossing Hazard Elimination Programs In Designated High-Speed ...
		The funds will be used with other federal and state grade crossing funding to safely accelerate the implementation of high-speed rail in the designated high-speed rail corridors.
		Since the enactment of the Highway-Railroad Grade Crossing Program in 1973, highway-rail grade crossing fatalities have declined at public crossings from 1,185 in 1973 to 399 in 1999, representing a 66.3 percent decline in fatalities since the program began.
		Also, improve one grade crossing in Puyallup and install median barriers at nine crossings in the corridor.
	www.dot.gov /affairs/fra1100.htm (493 words)

	H.R. 650 -- Highway Rail Grade Crossing
		The factors considered in the bill include a state's share of the national total for public highway rail grade crossings, its number of crossings with passive warning devices, and its total number of accidents and fatalities caused by vehicle-train collisions at crossings.
		Indiana ranks sixth in the nation for the number of grade crossings, third for crossing accidents, and fifth for fatalities.
		It would direct federal funding by identifying a state's share of the national total for public highway-rail grade crossings, its number of crossings with passive warning devices, and the total number of accidents and fatalities caused by vehicle-train collisions at crossings.
	www.house.gov /visclosky/hr650.htm (524 words)

	WUTC: Grade Crossing Protective Fund Grants
		Grants for improvements to warning devices at public grade crossings must be requested through the commission’s petition process pursuant to RCW 81.53.261.
		Applications for improving warning devices at public grade crossings may be submitted for consideration at any time.
		This includes fencing, gates or other structures located near enough to the tracks to be on the railroad right-of-way, modification to a grade crossing or any other project that involves railroad property or rights-of-way.
	www.wutc.wa.gov /webimage.nsf/cb338573011ffb4588257096005c7206/d8087c94b9f8905388256da3005cd1a6!OpenDocument (703 words)

	Railroad Grade Crossing Accidents - Thorn Consulting Services
		A railroad grade crossing accident can be a far more serious and complicated collision than the typical automobile crash.
		In most cases, when a grade crossing collision occurs, there has been a violation of at least one traffic law.
		Over half of all railroad grade crossing accidents occur at crossings where there are active warning devices.
	www.collisionrecon.com /services/railroad-grade-crossing-accidents.html (216 words)

	Railroad Grade Crossing Products from Century (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Our commitment to total customer service before the project, in the field and after the project, is unsurpassed in the railroad grade crossing industry.
		Whether it is string lining a curve in the field, measuring for custom panels in a turnout or designing a special surface for a light rail transit project, Century possesses the expertise to help its clients design and execute a project to meet their goals.
		It is from this reservoir of knowledge that Century makes sure that all grade crossings manufactured meet railroad industry standards.
	www.centurygrp.com /crossings.asp (543 words)

	HOUSE BILL NO. 516 - RR grade crossing, safety
		percent (10%) of the total cost of such construction, 10 unless the crossing is a new one proposed by the railroad company or compa- 11 nies, in which case the entire cost of construction shall be apportioned to 12 said railroad company or companies.
		Such education programs are typically presented at schools, drivers education courses, and county fairs to increase the driving public's awareness of the dangers existing at railroad grade crossings.
		This legislation stipulates that all applications for funding from the Railroad Grade Crossing Protection account be approved by the Idaho Transportation Board.
	www3.state.id.us /oasis/2002/H0516.html (405 words)

	Highway-Railroad Grade Crossing - FHWA Safety
		The Office of Safety is re-emphasizing the importance of maintaining current and accurate highway-rail grade crossing inventories.
		We ask that our stakeholders to support the States with all inventory efforts in support to the Office of Safety's September 30 memorandum entitled "Highway Safety Improvement Program Report" (this report is provided in both HTML format and Adobe format).
		We also encourage the States to share and/or update their grade crossing inventory information with the Federal Railroad Administration's Office of Safety.
	safety.fhwa.dot.gov /xings (232 words)

	Ztrains: Micro-Trains Compatible Wood Grade Crossing
		This wood grade crossing is a pressure cast 3 piece resin set that features separately applied cross bucks, guard rail stringers and ground cover.
		Our wood grade crossings are equally at home on the steam era as well as the modern era layout, and can be seen today on mainline and secondary railroad lines throughout North America (see our prototype photo top middle).
		To order our Wood Grade Crossing, simply click on this link to send us an email.
	www.ztrains.com /pages/details/grade/grade.html (378 words)

	Institute of Transportation Engineers -- ITE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		While the number of railroad grade crossing fatalities, injuries, and crashes are small in comparison to others, these incidents have the potential of catastrophic consequences.
		In 2002, incidents at public highway-rail crossings in the United States caused 311 deaths and 859 injuries.
		This highway-rail grade crossing e-library is designed to assist practitioners in accessing information available from ITE and others on highway-rail grade crossings.
	www.ite.org /highwayrail/index.asp (407 words)

	Welcome to CSX.com: General - Property Grade Crossing Policy
		The railroad, in its commitment to employee and public safety, is firmly opposed to the establishment of any grade crossing.
		In seeking to carry out this policy, both the U.S. Department of Transportation and state agencies have adopted programs to eliminate grade crossings by constructing bridges or by diverting traffic to existing overhead, sub-grade or at-grade crossings.
		We strongly urge you to find an alternate means of access - examine the prospect of providing a bridge - instead of applying for a grade crossing.
	www.csx.com /?fuseaction=general.csxp_grade (143 words)

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