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SNP Gradualist

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	Gradualists (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In the 19th century, gradualist assumptions were behind the thinking of most catastrophists as well as uniformitarians--and, in another field of study, even the Darwinians.
		At first glance, to gradualists, evolution, not revolution, seems to have been, and to be, the norm.
		Gradualist thinking, of course, is re-enforced by the results of radiometric dating methods which, by creating millions-of-years time-lines, tilt the mind away from thoughts of suddenness towards the infinitesimally slow.
	www.poleshift.org /ps/Gradualists.html (310 words)

	SNP gradualist - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The gradualist viewpoint within the Scottish National Party (SNP) is the idea that Scottish independence can be won by the accumulation by the Scottish Parliament of powers that the UK Parliament currently has over a protracted period of time.
		It is also a philosophy that emphasises the election of a SNP government should bring about trust in the Scottish people in the ability of Scotland to govern itself, thus bringing increased support for independence.
		Most political commentators today acknowledge that the current SNP leadership is by in large of the gradualist mould.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/SNP_Gradualist (189 words)

	American Journal of Economics and Sociology, The: A political economy approach to the neoclassical model of transition ...
		Gradualist economists argued that the transition to a market economy needed to be facilitated by an institutional structure, the development of which had to be gradual, natural, organic, and voluntary, as opposed to the constructivist, state-directed establishment of institutions (Kolodko 2000; Kornai 1992b, 1995b, 1997; Csaba 1995; Gustafson 1999; Murrell 1992).
		Gradualist neoclassical writings failed to offer a concrete process of institutional development, simply leaving the end-state to be determined by the market, and assuming that the most efficient institutions would emerge.
		In contrast to the shock therapist approach, the policies of the gradualist neoclassical approach had to be approved by the democratic political process in order to facilitate the transition.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0254/is_1_61/ai_84426601/pg_3 (1200 words)

	A Positive View of Behe's Thesis: Answers to Don Stoner's Objections by George P. Drake
		The gradualist, materialist explanation fails to account for the immaterial, non-physical parts of the process by which Don Stoner creates or receives a blueprint in his mind and, using active intelligence, manipulates the symbols in the blueprint into different, appropriate categories in order to transform them into a new blueprint of a better mousetrap.
		The materialist gradualist will object that "real evolution" takes place in the primordial soup, as it were, with available biological materials, and has no need of products of technology.
		Gradualistic, naturalistic explanations, like Stoner's story, of inventions with high information content (specified complexity) directed to achieve a particular purpose always beg the questions of how the information came to light and how it came to be directed in the particular fashion.
	www.answers.org /issues/behescritics.html (3874 words)

	Modern Theosophy: a comparison of the Gradual and Sudden Paths
		On the gradualist path, the first step is the meditational separation of awareness from the inner useless and usually negative chatter of thought driven by emotional resentments and identifications until at least dhyana (pure awareness without thought or emotional interference or distraction) or samadhi is achieved.
		On the gradualist path there is also a discipline of thought by its learning correct information correctly understood and logical training in non-formal mental reasoning into a very high state of logical expertise (right views or right discrimination/inferencing).
		Third, the gradualist path has the crucial training in ethical practices which are include the training of emotions and the cleaning out of resentments and other emotional crap.
	www.katinkahesselink.net /other/sudden.htm (2212 words)

	SNP fundamentalist - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sillars used his column in the Sun Newspaper to make clear such concerns and accordingly advised people to abstain from voting in the 1997 referendum which endorsed the principle of devolution.
		The fundamentalist viewpoint has been somewhat marginalised within the SNP as the party leadership has adopted a gradualist strategy.
		It should also be noted that this term is considered pejorative by some people, considering the negative overtones of the word fundamentalism in religious contexts, and that it appears to have been coined by the Gradualist faction.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/SNP_Fundamentalist (202 words)

	FRB: Speech, Bernanke--Gradualism--May 20, 2004
		In a gradualist regime, an increase in the federal funds rate not only raises current short-term rates but also signals to the market that rates are likely to continue to rise for some time.
		Indeed, we have just seen that, under a gradualist approach, a small change in the policy rate may have a relatively large effect on longer-term rates, because of its implications for private-sector expectations about the future path of short-term rates.
		Distinguishing "true" gradualist policies from policies that respond to gradual changes in the economic environment is difficult, as the two hypotheses imply similar behavior by policymakers.
	www.federalreserve.gov /boarddocs/speeches/2004/200405202 (5106 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The opposition of smooth gradualist vs. sudden saltatory evolutionary change has been re-visited in recent years in the debate about "punctuated equilibrium," which has greatly animated many evolutionary biologists, and is a prominent item in modern discussions.
		These two were fierce supporters of strict Darwinian (gradualist) evolution (as Galton himself was initially, though, as mentioned above, he eventually became a saltationist) and they all saw the study of evolution as a statistical problem, and essentially invented the science of biometry from scratch to permit the study of it.
		With the eventual demise of saltationist ideas, and the triumph of a largely gradualist picture, allopatric speciation took the place of favour, and sympatric speciation models were decidedly put in the back room, but the strength of opposition to them is probably much on account of their historical association with the hated saltationist notions.
	instruct.uwo.ca /zoology/441a/hist1.html (1636 words)

	Contra Gradualism
		Here the explicit gradualist is not denying that taxation violates rights; he is claiming that there is a "social good" which has higher priority than individual rights.
		Nevertheless, gradualists might reply that a minimal tax would be a small injustice compared to the greater one of depriving old people of social security.
		The implicit gradualists may swear - in private to fellow libertarians - that they favor abolitionism, but they are unwilling to be publicly honest about it.
	www.wendymcelroy.com /grad.htm (2089 words)

	Quote Mine Project: "Large Gaps"
		Gradualists usually extract themselves from this dilemma by invoking the extreme imperfection of the fossil record." (Gould, Stephen J.,
		This is a rather unspectacularly predictable mined quote, as everyone who has had a few hours exposure to Gould's writings on evolution can instantly see that he's arguing against gradualism and probably in favor of punctuated equilibrium, a theory that he co-originated with Eldredge in 1972.
		In this section of the paper, Gould is outlining the challenge to gradualist models of macroevolution in three loosely united themes.
	www.talkorigins.org /faqs/quotes/mine/part1-3.html (7315 words)

	Tectonic catastrophe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This revised theory of plate tectonics is in agreement with laws of physics and experimental data, in contrary to previous gradualist model.
		Thus, gradualist model of plate tectonics is not consistent with laws of physics (1).
		It seems to me that physicist Wesson (1972) feeled that gradualist plate tectonics is not consistent with laws of physics, something is wrong here, and he began to search and found many serious problems of gradualist plate tectonics (Wesson 1972).
	www.cnt.ru /users/chas/tectonic.htm (1880 words)

	Economies in Transition - ADB.org
		The report was released today in advance of the 29th annual meeting of the Bank's Board of Governors, to be held in Manila, Philippines, from 30 April to 2 May 1996.
		The report describes the gradualist approach of the People's Republic of China, which has also been adopted by Lao People's Democratic Republic and Viet Nam, as the distinctive "model" in the Asian transitional economies.
		While the debate continues, the report points out two lessons from the gradualist success of the People's Republic of China that may be applicable to all transitional economies.
	www.adb.org /Documents/News/1996/nr1996041.asp (902 words)

	[No title]
		They argue, however, that although the unborn entity is human, insofar as belonging to the species homosapiens, it is not a person and hence not fully human.
		In order to understand decisive moment and gradualist theories, it is important that we carefully go over the biological facts of fetal development.
		I will deal with objections to this view when I critique the decisive moment and gradualist views in both this article and the final part of this series.
	www.equip.org /free/DA020-3.htm (5643 words)

	Search Encyclopedia.com
		socialism -> Marxists and Gradualists In the 1840s the term communism came into use to denote loosely a militant leftist form of socialism; it was associated with the writings of Étienne Cabet and his theories of common ownership.
		Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels later used it to describe the movement that advocated class struggle and revolution to establish...
		A Social Democratic deputy in the Reichstag, in 1913 he became party leader, succeeding Bebel; a gradualist, or moderate, he was seen as pragmatic and non-ideological.
	www.encyclopedia.com /searchpool.asp?target=SNP+Gradualist (309 words)

	Laurel E. Martin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		It is important to look at the predicted results of both strategies because the very survival of the new democracies may very well depend on their economic success.
		The gradualist approach is defined by The Economist (21 September 1991) as the strategy that puts the greatest priority on creating infrastructure to support a market economy before making other changes.
		The gradualist approach also advocates government regulation in the switch from predominately state-owned enterprises to private enterprises.
	titan.iwu.edu /~polysci/organizations/psa/ResPublica/martin.html (4784 words)

	Rado Pezdir
		The rationale for a gradualist economic policy was a fear of destroying the fragile equilibrium in transition markets resulting in high social costs.
		It is somehow logical that just after entering the EU (supposedly the institutional end of transition) the key question is whether this mainly gradualist reform approach from the start of transition gave the expected results, or did they just inhibit transition.
		The roots of lagging behind and disappointing progress of transition can be found in the gradualist economic policy, which left things unchanged at the expense of improving industry–science relations which are essential to building innovative capacity.
	www.crce.org.uk /PezdirPaper.htm (2742 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Chronicles \| Surely, but how fast? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The gradualist camp was epitomised by Hoda Sha'rawi; Munira Thabet was the all-at-once advocate.
		It is interesting that the Egyptian feminist movement of the 1920s was similarly divided into gradualist and all-at-once camps.
		Many historians of this movement seem not to have given this phenomenon enough attention despite the fact that it is inescapable when reading that decade's newspapers, particularly Al-Ahram.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2001/544/chrncls.htm (2163 words)

	The Scotsman - Business - King insists BoE set to continue gradualist approach (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Suggesting that month-by-month rate rises would still qualify as a "gradualist" approach, he added: "We never said that gradualism was equivalent to increasing interest rates by 25 basis points every three months."
		Clydesdale Bank economist Tom Vosa concluded that, on balance, King’s comments suggested the MPC "is returning to a path of gradualism" where rate increases are more measured.
		With the recovery in the manufacturing sector still fragile, economists said this was another reason the Bank can be expected to delay its next interest rate increase until August.
	thescotsman.scotsman.com /business.cfm?id=727272004 (454 words)

	News & Features: Amplification versus Point Mutation - the mechanisms of Darwinian adaptive mutation
		This debate is taken up in a new study in this issue by P. Hastings and colleagues, who examined the mechanism by which Escherichia coli lacking the ability to digest lactose, called lac-mutants, regain that ability when presented with lactose as their only food source.
		According to the gradualist view, amplification precedes mutation, and the rapid appearance of lac+ cells is explained by a normal mutation rate acting on multiple copies of the gene.
		The SOS system includes a group of genes that cause an increase in mutation in response to stress, and one hypothesis arising from the gradualist model was that amplification turned on the SOS response.
	www.iscid.org /boards/ubb-get_topic-f-1-t-000196.html (664 words)

	Commanding Heights : Joseph Stiglitz \| on PBS
		In many cases, the gradualist approach wound up being faster than the shock therapy, because the shock therapy tried to push changes in societies before they were ready, before the prerequisites.
		And as they went on with this gradualist policy, they had enormous support from the people within their country.
		In fact, what it did is, having gotten inflation down to reasonable levels -- and by that I mean 15, 20 percent a year, not to the very, very low level -- it didn't pursue getting inflation down with a single-mindedness that was the case in some of the other countries.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/commandingheights/shared/minitextlo/int_josephstiglitz.html (8025 words)

	TCS: Tech Central Station - Bobos in Baghdad (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		"The gradualists argue that it would be crazy to rush into terrorist-controlled cities and try to clean them out with massive force because the initial attack would be so bloody there'd be a debilitating political backlash.
		, the "gradualist" position, which is consistent with the Bobo's "do not confront" commandment, is represented institutionally by the Marines, of all forces.
		, the argument of the "gradualists" is that confrontation will cause death, leading to resentment and people taking sides with the guerillas.
	www.techcentralstation.com /091504B.html (1161 words)

	[No title]
		Yet gradualist orthodoxy is so entrenched that the authors of this pamphlet failed to note the inconsistency between their own factual account and the stated theory of their introduction.
		I have argued that gradualism is a culturally conditioned prejudice, not a fact of nature, and I have made a plea for pluralism in concepts of rate.
		McKnight offered a gradualist alternative for the gravels: "This writer believes them to be the normal channel deposits of the Columbia during its eastward shift over the area in preglacial, glacial, and postglacial times."
	www.dushkin.com /text-data/articles/18833/18833.mhtml (2477 words)

	Francis Beckwith2 -- Is the Unborn Less Than Human (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Since Mollenkott's view is the most clear and succinct example, I will use her article as my point of departure to critique the personhood criteria position.
		Although much of my critique of this view can be found in my criticisms of the other decisive moment and gradualist theories, its underlying philosophical assumptions, which are oftentimes not addressed by the proponents of this view, are deserving of a separate critique.
		Those who defend the gradualist thesis, such as Daniel Callahan and Robert Wennberg, [29] argue that the unborn entity increases in value as it develops physically.
	www.vanderbilt.edu /SFL/francis_beckwith2_--_is_the_unborn_less_than_human.htm (4428 words)

	Accounting Historians Journal, The: Accounting Innovation: Municipal Corporations 1835-1935
		They argue that changes in accountability tend to results from apparently unrelated events which on examination are part of a metamorphosis rather than from a single causal factor.
		Consistent with a gradualist theory, Coombs and Edwards design a study of accounting change in municipal corporations which is broad in scope and thorough in detail.
		Because of the strength of evidence that Coombs and Edwards develop for a gradualist theory of change, this book is suitable as a supplementary reading particularly in graduate courses.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3657/is_199606/ai_n8751393 (933 words)

	[No title]
		From this "old gradualist" perspective, recent changes in the number of state firms and especially in the number of employees, along with the new strategy for winding down the state sector, appear highly praiseworthy.
		It would be unfair to criticize the gradualists for missing shocks (the Asian crisis) or fluctuations (overshooting on contractionary macroeconomic policy during 1994-96).
		But it is not unfair to ask whether neglect of the time dimension or other systematic weakness stands behind the inability of gradualist analysis to anticipate or explain what increasingly looks like a rapid and decisive loss of economic momentum.
	www.pitt.edu /~tgrawski/papers2000/SKETCH.HTM (5112 words)

	Guardian \| Rates policy still 'gradualist', says Bank chief
		Mervyn King, the governor of the Bank of England, today insisted that the Bank had not ditched its "gradualist" approach to raising interest rates.
		In an appearance before MPs of the Treasury select committee, Mr King was asked if the MPC had abandoned its gradualist approach to monetary policy.
		In his opening remarks to the committee, Mr King repeated his view that there did not appear to be much spare capacity in the UK economy, and that the labour market was tightening, with pay growth picking up and cost pressures increasing.
	www.guardian.co.uk /print/0,3858,4955586-103676,00.html (480 words)

	Powells.com Interviews - Richard Dawkins
		He did that by referring to Darwin as a gradualist, which Darwin was, but not in the sense that Gould was not a gradualist.
		So, something like the evolution of an eye; the sort of gradualist Darwin was, he insisted you couldn't suddenly get a thing like an eye from nothing.
		Punctuationism is gradualism in the sense in which Darwin was a gradualist.
	www.powells.com /authors/dawkins.html (5310 words)

	The Scotsman (Edinburgh, Scotland) : SNP's gradualist approach could lead the party into suicidal trap. @ HighBeam ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Start / T / The Scotsman (Edinburgh, Scotland) / August 01, 2000 / SNP's gradualist approach could lead the party into suicidal trap.
		SNP's gradualist approach could lead the party into suicidal trap.
		Read 'The Scotsman (Edinburgh, Scotland): SNP's gradualist approach could lead the party into suicidal trap.' with a FREE Trial for instant access »
	static.elibrary.com /t/thescotsmanedinburghscotland/august012000/snpsgradualistapproachcouldleadthepartyintosuicida/index.html (240 words)

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