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	Gramme dynamo
		The Gramme dynamo was an electrical generator patented in 1870 by Belgian engineer Zénobe Gramme[?] (April 4, 1826 - January 20, 1901).
		The design, using a ring armature[?], was an improvement on earlier dynamos and helped usher in development of large-scale electrical devices.
		In 1873 it was discovered that the device could be reversed to serve as a motor.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/gr/Gramme_dynamo.html (59 words)

	Zénobe Gramme - Plagiarism on Wikipedia
		Gramme went to work for a model maker in a firm that specialized in the manufacture of arc lamp generators.
		In 1852 Gramme was a winner of the 50,000-franc Prix Volta established by Louis-Napoleon.
		Gramme died at Bois-Colombes, France and was buried in the Père Lachaise cemetery.
	www.wikipedia-watch.org /plagiarism/0639.html (420 words)

	The Brush Dynamo
		Their dynamo was constructed with electromagnets rather than permanent magnets.
		In the end the Brush dynamo represented a marked divergence from the Gramme.
		By the summer of 1876, the parts of the model dynamo were ready for assembly.
	www.lafavre.us /brush/dynamo.htm (1736 words)

	Wikipedia: Electrical generator
		The dynamo was the first electrical generator capable of delivering power for industry, and is still the most important generator in use in the 21st century.
		The first dynamo based on Faraday's principles was built in 1832 by Hippolyte Pixii, a French instrument maker.
		The construction of a dynamo is similar to that of an electric motor, and it is possible to build a machine that functions as either.
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/e/el/electrical_generator.html (593 words)

	Gramme dynamo: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		...Gramme dynamo Gramme dynamo The Gramme dynamo was an electrical generator...engineer Z%E9nobe-Gramme Zénobe Gramme Zénobe Gramme (April 4, 1826 - January 20, 1901).
		The Gramme dynamo was an electrical generator patented in 1870 by Belgian engineer Zénobe Gramme[?] (April 4, 1826 - January 20, 1901).
		The design, using a ring armature[?], was an improvement on earlier dynamos and helped usher in development of large-scale electrical devices.
	www.encyclopedian.com /gr/Gramme-dynamo.html (169 words)

	[No title]
		Gramme dynamos were then soon made on the self-exciting principle.
		In 1873 at Vienna the fact was discovered that a dynamo machine of the Gramme type could also act as an electric motor and' was set in rotation when a current was passed into it from another similar machine.
		It was stimulated and assisted by improvements in the construction of large dynamos and increased knowledge concerning the control of powerful electric currents.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /correction/edit?content_id=26084&locale=en (4315 words)

	Invent Now \| Hall of Fame \| Search \| Inventor Profile
		His dynamo, or generator, produced much higher voltages than earlier designs and was the first electric generator to be used commercially.
		For his DC dynamo, Gramme replaced the toothed-ring armature of earlier designs with a uniform ring-wound armature that came to be known as the “Gramme ring.” His DC dynamo attracted great attention at the 1876 Centennial Exhibition in Philadelphia, and quickly became a commercial success.
		Gramme’s dynamo was used commercially for both electroplating and electric lighting.
	www.invent.org /hall_of_fame/1_1_6_detail.asp?vInventorID=270 (192 words)

	Gramme machine Information
		A Gramme machine or Gramme dynamo is kind of electric dynamo named for its Belgian/French inventor, Zénobe Gramme.
		Gramme demonstrated this apparatus to the Academy of Sciences in Paris in 1871.
		The innovation of using a ring armature, was an improvement on earlier dynamos and helped usher in development of large-scale electrical devices.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Gramme_machine (200 words)

	Zénobe Théophile Gramme Biography (1826-1901) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Zénobe Gramme was a true enigma, and it is remarkable that he was ableto accomplish what he did.
		Gramme did, however, have a talent in tinkering, and he left school at an early age to become a joiner.
		In 1873 a Gramme dynamo was exhibited at the Vienna exhibition inAustria, where it was discovered that the device could be reversed and usedas an electric motor.
	www.madehow.com /inventorbios/61/Z-nobe-Th-ophile-Gramme.html (352 words)

	Famous Belgians - Zénobe Gramme (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		He was an electrical engineer and inventor of the Gramme dynamo (1869), a continuous-current electrical generator that gave principal impetus to the development of electrical power.
		Though the Gramme dynamo is occasionally employed in industry today, alternating-current machines have supplanted it as a power source for lighting.
		In 1873 a Gramme dynamo was exhibited at the Vienna Exhibition, where it was discovered that the device was reversible and could be used as an electric motor.
	www.famousbelgians.net /gramme.htm (144 words)

	"An Englishman's Perspective"
		Gramme's method was to combine in his dynamo-electric machine the self-exciting or reaction principle, discovered by Wheatstone, Siemens, or Varley (it matters not which) with his own annular armature.
		Gramme's dynamo-electric machine consists always of the same series of parts, namely, a revolving spindle carrying coils of insulated wire so wound onto it that they can be moved at great speed through the lines of magnetic force of a powerful magnetic field.
		Each of these rectangles has a section of wire wound onto its flat side, leaving the corners of the rectangle bare; the object of this to allow of greater magnetization of the soft iron; the collecting cylinder is similar to the other machines.
	www.thomasedison.com /england.htm (2832 words)

	Gramme (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Gramme's generator featured a ring armature wound with many individual coils of wire and on July 17, 1871 Gramme's invention was presented by the physicist, Jules Jamin to the Academie des Sciences.
		The dynamos of Gramme were used in lighthouses, in electroplating, for manufactory's illumination and were drived by steam engines.
		In spite of the fact that Gramme himself was semi-literate and had no advanced knowledge of mathematics, his discoveries of the principles of the dynamo and the electrical engine were of the utmost importance to modern technology.
	chem.ch.huji.ac.il /~eugeniik/history/gramme.html (821 words)

	The Dispatch - Serving the Lexington, NC - News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A Gramme machine or Gramme dynamo is kind of electric dynamo named for its Belgian/French inventor, ZÃ©nobe Gramme.
		Gramme demonstrated this apparatus to the Academy of Sciences in Paris in 1871.
		Gramme's use of multiple commutator contacts with multiple overlapped coils, and his innovation of using a ring armature, was an improvement on earlier dynamos and helped usher in development of large-scale electrical devices.
	www.the-dispatch.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Gramme_dynamo (299 words)

	Electrical Generator Encyclopedia Article @ VehiclePeddler.com (Vehicle Peddler) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A dynamo machine consists of a stationary structure which generates a strong magnetic field, and a set of rotating windings which turn within that field.
		The relationship between mechanical rotation and electric current in a dynamo is reversible; the principles of the electric motor were discovered when it was found that one dynamo could cause a second interconnected dynamo to rotate if current was fed through it.
		The construction of a dynamo is similar to that of an electric motor, and all common types of dynamos could work as motors.
	www.vehiclepeddler.com /encyclopedia/Electrical_generator (2400 words)

	The Development of the Dynamo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Contributions to the general development of the dynamo were made by Field, Edison, Sprague and others; whilst a particularly important advance in armature winding was made by Z. Gramme, who in 1870 invented (or rather reinvented, following Pacinotti in 1860) the toothed-ring winding system for armatures.
		discovered at Vienna that a dynamo of the Gramme type could also act as an electric motor and one was set in rotation when a current was passed into it from a similar machine.
		The introduction of power distribution systems for electricity supply, the installation of land and submarine telegraph cables, and the use of electric traction for trains were among the major consequences of the rapid progress in electrical engineering during the latter half of the 19th Century.
	campus.murraystate.edu /tsm/tsm118/Appendix/dynamo.htm (384 words)

	Finance Choices - Personal Finance Wiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Gramme machine used a series of thirty armature coils, placed inside a revolving ring of soft iron.
		During a demonstration at an inventors' fair in 1873 Gramme accidentally discovered that this device, if supplied with a constant-voltage power supply, will act as an electric motor.
		Gramme's use of multiple commutator contacts with multiple overlapped coils, and his innovation of using a ring armature, was an improvement on earlier dynamos and helped usher in development of large-scale electrical devices.
	www.financechoices.co.uk /personal-finance-wiki.php?title=Gramme_machine (333 words)

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