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Topic: Gran Colombia

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Republic of Gran Colombia

Greater Colombia

Viceroyalty of New Granada

New Granada

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History of Colombia

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	Greater Colombia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Greater Colombia (Gran Colombia in Spanish) is a name used today for the Republic of Colombia of the period 1819-1831.
		The official name at the time was the Republic of Colombia, as it is today; historians have adopted the term "Greater Colombia" to distinguish the Republic before 1831 (with its more extensive land area) from that of the present-day Republic of Colombia.
		The name "Colombia" comes from the name of Christopher Columbus (Cristóbal Colón in Spanish, Cristoforo Colombo in Italian) and was conceived by the revolutionary Francisco de Miranda as a reference to the New World, especially to all American territories and colonies under Spanish and Portuguese rule.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gran_Colombia (789 words)

	Gran Colombia ~ 1822-1830 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Republic of Colombia, formerly the Viceroyalty of Grenada, (1822-1830) included the greater part of the modern nations of Colombia, Venezuela, Panama and Ecuador.
		The stamp from Venezuela shows the approximate borders of the Republic of Colombia and was issued in 1969 to commemorate the 150th anniversary of “Gran Colombia,” a name given to the republic by historians.
		In 1929 Venezuela withdrew from the republic, Peru invaded Ecuador and Colombian troops under Sucre defeat the Peruvians at the Battle of Tarqui.In 1961 Ecuador issued a set of three stamps with a map to commemorate the 132nd anniversary of the defeat of Peru in the battle of Tarqui.
	sio.midco.net /dansmapstamps/grancolombia.htm (150 words)

	Colombia: History
		Colombia settled (1917) its boundary disputes with Ecuador, and in 1934 a border clash with Peru over the town of Leticia was settled by the League of Nations in Colombia's favor.
		Colombia's economy began to recover from the setbacks of the early 1970s as economic diversification and incentives to lure foreign capital into the country were initiated.
		Colombia first denied any involvement in the incident, claiming the rebel was captured in a Colombian border town, but subsequently admitted a bounty had been paid.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/world/A0857443.html (1709 words)

	La Gran Colombia
		Estados Unidos (1822), Inglaterra (1825), Holanda (1829) reconocieron la independencia de la Gran Colombia, y otras naciones, sin llegar a dar ese paso, enviaron cónsules y agentes oficiosos a Bogotá y a los principales puertos de la República.
		Así empezó a resquebrajarse la Gran Colombia, cuando quebró la casa londinense de Goldschmidt, que administraba los fondos del empréstito, con lo cual el crédito externo de la República sufrió un colapso total.
		Para él, Colombia fue «…la palabra sagrada y la palabra mágica de todos los ciudadanos virtuosos…» Por ello, hasta en los últimos instantes de su vida, los llamó desgarradamente a la unidad, a la concordia, al amor, a la paz.
	www.simon-bolivar.org /bolivar/gran_colombia.html (4603 words)

	Great Colombia Federate Republic (1819-1830) - Part 1
		Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela retained the tricolour of the Great Colombian Federate Republic when it broke up 1830-32.
		The Gran Colombia Tricolour was originally the family/personal Flag of Francisco de Miranda.
		Concering the República de la Gran Colombia (the federation of Venezuela, Nueva Granada [Colombia] and Quito [Ecuador).
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/co-gran.html (1840 words)

	Bankintroductions.com - COLUMBIA
		Colombia's civil war during periods of the 20th century in Colombia have created a challenging environment to sustain positive economic development.
		Colombia is well known to host oil resource deposits in the 100 million plus barrel range, it is indeed rich in oil.
		Colombia's heartland is not suitable terrain for crop replacement as suggested in a U.S. sponsored $1.3 billion USD Plan Colombia.
	www.bankintroductions.com /colombia.html (2198 words)

	FRONTLINE/WORLD . Colombia - The Pipeline War . Facts and Stats \| PBS
		• Colombia was one of the three countries that emerged from the collapse of Gran Colombia in 1830 (along with Ecuador and Venezuela).
		Colombia's oil production declined in 2001 to 616,000 barrels per day (bbl/d), after reaching an all-time high of 826,000 bbl/d in 1999.
		Colombia exported 280,000 bbl/d to the United States during 2001, down from 332,000 bbl/d in 2000.
	www.pbs.org /frontlineworld/stories/colombia/facts.html (1099 words)

	Marixa Lasso \| Race War and Nation in Caribbean Gran Colombia, Cartagena, 1810–1832 \| The American Historical ...
		From independence in 1821 until 1830, it was part of the new Republic of Colombia, which then included the regions administered by the old Viceroyalty of New Granada, what historians today call "La Gran Colombia." Thus, the foundation of Cartagena's racial imaginaries was linked to this wider political area.
		of Colombia's declaration of racial equality for all free people was how fast it became a core element of Colombian patriotism, particularly considering that in the last decades of colonial rule there was little in the attitudes of white Creoles that foreshadowed the crucial role that racial equality would play in patriot nationalism.
		The 1821 constitution of the Republic of Colombia declared all free men born in its territory to be Colombians.
	www.historycooperative.org /journals/ahr/111.2/lasso.html (13283 words)

	Colombia Gran Colombia - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International ...
		As victory over Spain became increasingly apparent, leaders from present-day Venezuela, Colombia, and Panana convened a congress in February 1819 in Angostura (present-day Ciudad Bolívar, Venezuela) and agreed to unite in a republic to be known as Gran Colombia.
		After Bolívar was ratified as president in August 1819, he left Santander, his vice president, in charge of Gran Colombia and traveled south to liberate present-day Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia.
		Venezuelan leaders especially were resentful of being ruled by Santander, a native of present-day Colombia, in the absence of their president and fellow Venezuelan, Bolívar.
	www.workmall.com /wfb2001/colombia/colombia_history_gran_colombia.html (446 words)

	Colombian Gold Coins - Columbia
		Colombia is in the north west of South America.
		Independence was declared in 1810, and secured in 1819 when Simon Bolivar united Colombia, Venezuela, Panama and Ecuador as the Republic of Gran Colombia, although Venezuela withdrew in 1829, Ecuador in 1830, and Panama in 1903.
		Colombia in common with most latin american countries has experienced inflation, so that it has issued gold coins with a denominations as low as 1 peso, and as high as 100,000 pesos.
	www.taxfreegold.co.uk /colombia.html (346 words)

	RIGZONE - Gran Tierra Completes Popa-1 in Colombia
		Gran Tierra is the operator of the block via its acquisition of Argosy Energy International, which was completed on June 20, 2006.
		Gran Tierra Energy, Inc. is an international oil and gas exploration and production company, headquartered in Calgary, Canada, incorporated and traded in the United States and operating in South America.
		Gran Tierra is advancing a multi-well work program for 2006/early 2007 and expects to continue its strategy of moving aggressively and sensibly to build a diverse, self-sustaining and active international oil and gas company.
	www.rigzone.com /news/article.asp?a_id=34347 (457 words)

	Colombia History \| iExplore.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Republic of Colombia was formally established in 1855, four years after the abolition of slavery.
		Colombia has sizeable oil reserves, which are now on stream.
		Colombia is a member of the Andean Pact and of the Asociación Latinoamericana de Integración (ALADI), which is seeking to regularize tariffs throughout South America.
	www.iexplore.com /dmap/Colombia/History (1243 words)

	Timeline Colombia
		Colombia had been plunged into bankruptcy and subsequent civil war in 1899 after three years of steep declines in world coffee prices.
		Misael Pastrana, was elected mayor of Bogota, Colombia.
		2001 Oct 8, In Bogota, Colombia, Luis Alfredo Colmenares, a representative from Arauca, was assassinated by gunmen on a motorcycle.
	timelines.ws /countries/COLOMBIA.HTML (14804 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Gran Colombia, 1819-1830
		With Bolivar victorious at Boyaca, the new REPUBLIC OF GRAND COLOMBIA was stabilized.
		Grand Colombia was declared a republic, with Simon Bolivar as president and Bogota as capital.
		The new republic was plagued by the old controversy between centralists and federalists.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/samerica/grcolombia.html (303 words)

	Gran Colombia - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre
		Gran Colombia es el nombre que se le da al Estado existente entre 1819 y 1831 cuyo nombre oficial fue República de Colombia para evitar confusiones con la actual Colombia.
		Gran Colombia en 1831, dando nacimiento de tres entidades estatales distintas: Nueva Granada, Ecuador y Venezuela.
		La organización política de la Gran Colombia fue trazada definitivamente en el Congreso de Cúcuta (1821).
	es.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gran_Colombia (859 words)

	Colombia - Country Profile - Republica de Colombia, South America
		Colombia was one of the three countries that emerged from the collapse of Gran Colombia in 1830 (the others being Ecuador and Venezuela).
		Four decades of conflict have turned Colombia into one of the world's worst humanitarian hotspots, with millions caught up in the crossfire between leftist rebels, cocaine smugglers and far-right paramilitary militias.
		Colombia's long-running war has forced three million people from their homes.
	www.nationsonline.org /oneworld/colombia.htm (731 words)

	Great Colombia Federate Republic (1819-1830) - Part 2
		Its probable that the Coat of Arms was located at the center if we considered that the Republics of Colombia and Ecuador at the moment maintain in their flags their respective blazons in the same location.
		Great Colombia Federal Republic, 1822(?): It's a variant of the previous artistic representation in which the Chief Quarter of the Coat of Arms shows nine stars of six points in reference to another proposal of geopolitical division for the country.
		It is a regular 2:2 flag, with the Great Colombia tricolori (yellow-blue-red) with equal heigth stripes, and the Great Colombian CoA centered (without the caption REPUBLICA DE COLOMBIA around it), and a tricolori ribbon heading the arms (a phallanx, a bundle of arrows and a bow, a right facing ax and two upside looking cornucopias).
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/co-gran1.html (403 words)

	Gran Hotel Medellin, Colombia - Gran Hotel Group Booking Reservation Meetings Meeting Planning Weddings Wedding ...
		The Gran Hotel is the perfect place to hold a corporate event such as; team building, sales meetings, board of director meetings, or just corporate hospitality.
		Weddings at the Gran Hotel with their facilities, guest rooms and experienced wedding and group management staff, are magnificent.
		A Gran Hotel wedding reception is a party where guests come to celebrate the marriage of the bride and groom.
	www.meetingforce.com /gran-hotel-25h820.html (741 words)

	Attorneys lawyers abogados Colombia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Embassy's consular district encompasses all of Colombia.
		Some U.S. attorneys, members of the Bar, may not be admitted to practice law for all purposes in Colombia, for instance, by personally appearing in Colombian courts for their clients.
		Colombian citizen, born in Los Angeles, California, 1966; Gran Colombia University in Bogotá; University of California in Los Angeles.
	bogota.usembassy.gov /wwwsattc.shtml (3928 words)

	Hispanic Herritage Plaza - HispanicOnline.com
		Colombia is poised for moderate growth in the next several years, marking an end to the severe 1999 recession when GDP fell by about 5%.
		Colombia's leading exports, oil and coffee, face an uncertain future: new exploration is needed to offset a pending decline in oil production, and the coffee harvest has dropped off because of aging plantations and natural disasters.
		Colombia is looking for international financial assistance to boost economic recovery and peace prospects.
	www.hispaniconline.com /hh/c_colombia.html (1049 words)

	Colombia New Granada - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International ...
		New Granada lay in a depressed state after the dissolution of Gran Colombia.
		The election of General José Hilario López as president in 1849 marked a turning point for Colombia both economically and politically.
		Capitalism began to replace the old colonial structure, and the ideological differences between the established political parties overshadowed the previous emphasis on personalism.
	workmall.com /wfb2001/colombia/colombia_history_new_granada.html (554 words)

	Nace la Gran Colombia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		La Constitución de la República de Colombia será formada por su Congreso General, a quien se presentará en clase de Proyecto la que ha decretado el actual, y que con las leyes dadas por él mismo, se pondrá desde luego, por vía de ensayo, en ejecución.
		La República de Colombia será solemnemente proclamada en los pueblos y en los ejércitos, con fiestas y regocijos públicos, verificándose en esta Capital el 25 del corriente diciembre, en celebración del nacimiento del Salvador del Mundo, bajo cuyo patrocinio se ha logrado esta deseada reunión, por la cual se regenera el Estado.
		La presente Ley Fundamental de la República de Colombia será promulgada solemnemente en los Pueblos y en los Ejércitos, inscrita en todos los Registros Públicos, y depositada en todos los Archivos de los Cabildos Municipales y Corporaciones así Eclesiásticas como seculares.
	www.efemeridesvenezolanas.com /html/colombia.htm (1927 words)

	globalEDGE (TM) \| country insights - Overview of Colombia
		Colombia was one of the three countries that emerged from the collapse of Gran Colombia in 1830 (the others are Ecuador and Venezuela).
		Getting Through Customs uses Colombia as a sample cultural guide from their book "Kiss, Bow or Shake Hands: the Expanded Edition." This guide covers business practices, cognitive styles, political conditions, the effect of religion/society on business, cultural tips etc. in Colombia.
		The Trade Bureau’s function is to promote trade between Colombia and the United States and provide investment opportunities in Columbia.
	globaledge.msu.edu /ibrd/countryintro.asp?CountryID=112 (307 words)

	CAPE - Colombia
		Civil Engineer from the Mine Faculty of the Nacional University of Colombia, Medellin graduated with honors for being distinguished as the best of all of the graduates from the Mine Faculty in the year of 1988.
		Civil Engineer of the University La Gran Colombia 1995, Specialist on Management of the Engineering Projects of La Salle University 1998, Continuing Education Geotechnical Instrumentation for Field Measurements, University of Florida USA 2001.
		Systems Engineer of the University INCCA of Colombia, 1997 with abut of 15 years of experience in design and implementation of IT solutions of companies, included construction of nets structured wire for data, voice and video.
	www.capecolombia.org /members.htm (1333 words)

	** USCMA **
		The first Europeans to reach Colombia were led by Alonso de Ojeda.
		Colombia is now administered as part of the Viceroyalty of New Granada (Virreynato de la Nueva Granada).
		Colombia itself becomes the República de Nueva Granada.
	www.uscma.org /histcol.htm (423 words)

	PC(USA) - Worldwide Ministries: Colombia - International Partners
		The first Protestant schools in Colombia were founded by Presbyterians—one for girls in 1869 and a school for boys the following year.
		The Presbyterian Church of Colombia (IPC) is a result of these early efforts.
		Formerly the Presbyterian Theological Seminary of the Gran Colombia, the School of Theology is now part of the Reformed University of Colombia (CUR).
	www.pcusa.org /worldwide/colombia/international.htm (253 words)

	Knowledge Products Audiobooks - Colombia & Panama
		Colombia in the 1980s became known for its role in the illegal drug trade, and for political instability and violence caused by this problem.
		But much of this is a recent development in Colombia's history that began in the 1530s, when Spain conquered local Indian kingdoms.
		1810-1819-Wars of Liberation produce an independent "Gran Colombia" (1821), a multiregional republic led by Simon Bolivar.
	www.audioclassics.net /html/hot_files/colombia.cfm (346 words)

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