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Topic: Grand Cross of the Iron Cross

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	Iron Cross 1939
		The Iron Cross was awarded not only for bravery in the face of the enemy, but also for successful war planing and general merit.
		Actually, the ribbon on the War Merit Cross had the colors of the Iron Cross reversed, as was the tradition of the non-combatant version of the Iron Cross.
		The Knights Cross was much sought after by members of the armed forces, wearing it meant that they had been crowned as aces and their peers gave this distinction the appropriate respect.
	www.angelfire.com /nj/ww2/ironcross1939.html (883 words)

	History of the Iron Cross
		The Grand Cross was awarded to nine individuals in 1870, including one for Kaiser Wilhelm I. The Star to the Grand Cross of 1870 was not issued.
		This is the Iron Cross 2nd Class equivalent from the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg.
		This is the Iron Cross 1st Class equivalent from the Duchy of Braunschweig.
	www.diggerhistory.info /pages-medals/iron_cross.htm (1132 words)

	From the Battle Field
		The original iron cross consisted of a flened iron core in the shape of the cross patt`ee, surrounded by a two-piece silver frame that is soldered together.
		The center of the cross has a sprig of three oak leaves, while the upper arm has the cipher FW (Frederic Willhelm) surmounted by the Prussian crown, and the lower arm has 1813 for the year of introduction; the reverse of the medal is plain.
		The face of the medal was altered by placing the cipher W in the center of the cross, the Prussian cross on the upper arm and the year of the individual war on the bottom arm.
	www.thegavel.net /2011.html (1387 words)

	Iron Cross 1st Class
		Generally speaking, the 1813 Iron Cross Second Class has two silver frames that are opened on either side to reveal on the original obverse a plain fl iron core, and on the reverse, the Prussian Crown on the upper arm, with an “FW” for Friedrich Wilhelm directly beneath it.
		One final addition to the 1813 Iron Cross family was added by Friedrich Wilhelm on June 26, 1815, when the Star of the Grand Cross was awarded to Blücher for his timely arrival on the field of Waterloo and his assistance to Wellington in the defeat of Napoleon.
		The number of crosses award are as follows: 47,244 Second Class, 1,304 First Class, and nine Grand Crosses, a number of which went to royalty, with an honorary bestowal upon the elderly King Wilhelm I. With this conflict concluded, Prussia finally united all the German states into one entity, with herself at the helm.
	www.wehrmacht-awards.com /iron_cross/history/history.htm (2140 words)

	History of the Iron Cross Page 2.
		The Grand Cross was worn at the neck with a 57mm wide ribbon bearing the same colors as the Knights Cross and 2nd Class ribbons.
		Comprising a Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with oakleaves, Iron Cross 1st class, Iron Cross 2nd class, 1st class clasp and 2nd class clasp on a length of ribbon, along with two single ribbon bars for the 1939 Iron Cross 2nd class.
		The Iron Cross was awarded regardless of rank to officers, non-commissioned officers and enlisted personnel.
	www.diggerhistory.info /pages-medals/iron_cross2.htm (1947 words)

	Cross Pad -- Recommendations and Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Star of the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross was the highest military decoration of the Kingdom of Prussia and the German Empire.
		The Star of the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to the most outstanding of Generals who performed feats of leadership to the extreme benefit of the German state.
		During the reign of Nazi Germany, it was intended to present the Star of the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross as a Nazi award to the most successful German General of the Second World War, once Germany had achieved victory.
	www.becomingapediatrician.com /health/37/cross-pad.html (1284 words)

	Trenches on the Web - Special: The 1914 German Iron Cross
		One Star to the Grand Cross was awarded to Generalfeldmarschall Blücher, for his part in the victory at Waterloo.
		The Grand Cross of 1914 was awarded to Kaiser Wilhelm II, Generalfeldmarshall von Hidenburg, General Ludendorf, Generalfeldmarshall Prince Leopold of Bavaria, and Generalfeldmarshall von Mackensen.
		Iron is not used for the center of reproduction medals, so a simple test with a magnet will determine the genuine article from the dreck.
	www.worldwar1.com /sfgcross.htm (1698 words)

	The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross
		The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross or RK was instituted by Adolf Hitler at the outbreak of World War II on September 1st, 1939(*2).
		The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was presented in a elongated fl leatherette case, which contained the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross and a folded length of neck ribbon(*19).
		If the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was lost, and the owner could prove it was not a result of his own careless negligence, a replacement cross was provided free of cost.
	www.feldgrau.com /kc.html (1738 words)

	First World War.com - Encyclopedia - Iron Cross
		The Iron Cross - perhaps the best-known of German medals with the possible exception of the Blue Max (Pour le Merite) - was instituted on 10 March 1813 by King Frederick William III of Prussia during the War of Liberation against the French under Napoleon.
		Above this the Iron Cross (First Class) was issued to approximately 220,000 men; just five men were awarded the highest form of the Iron Cross, the Grand Cross (the Kaiser himself, Paul von Hindenburg, Erich Ludendorff, Prince Leopold of Bavaria and August von Mackensen).
		A flened iron cross with a silver trim and a spray of oak leaves in the centre the medal was originally designed by Karl Friedrich Schinkel.
	www.firstworldwar.com /atoz/ironcross.htm (325 words)

	Knights Cross to the Iron Cross
		In September of 1939, the Knights Cross to the Iron Cross was created by Hitler to bridge the sizable gap that had existed between the Iron Cross 1st Class and the Grand Cross.
		Construction of the Knights Cross followed the same general pattern as the 2nd Class, except that it was always constructed by hand, and never by the new mechanical method (Koblenzer method) designed for the 2nd Class.
		The Cross was worn at the neck, but the method of securing the cross was not provided and left to be devised by each individual and his ingenuity (Buttons, hooks, ties and elastics are common examples).
	www.angelfire.com /nj/ww2/kcic.html (1310 words)

	Iron Cross
		HistoryAn essay on the history of the Iron Cross up to 1939 2nd\1st ClassAn extensive section that includes Manufacturing and Technical information as well as documents, cases and recipients of these two 1939 classes and the 1914 Clasps Knight's CrossA detailed study including Manufacturing, Documents, Cases and Recipients of this sought after class.
		The cross went on to be suspended from the uniforms of admirable German soldiers in the 1870 Franco-Prussian War, and again in 1914 for World War I. Through the sacrifice of the men who earned it, its humble but striking design became synonymous with old world German courage and triumph.
		Perhaps the most impressive legacy of the Iron Cross is that, by luring the young into the past, it continues to pay homage to the valor of the old warriors who lived and fought in that different time, and in that different world.
	www.wehrmacht-awards.com /iron_cross/ironcrossmain.htm (461 words)

	History of the Iron Cross - Maltese Cross (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The definition of a Maltese Cross is one which conforms to a strict definition ("a cross of made from four straight lined pointed arrowheads, meeting at their points, with the ends of the arms consisting of indented 'v's") is without doubt a Christian symbol.
		The Grand Cross was slightly larger than the first and second class crosses and was worn around the neck from a ribbon.
		Most today feel that the Iron Cross is one’s badge of belonging to the chopper world and also a symbol of courage and freedom.
	www.choppers.com /iron_cross.asp (1310 words)

	Grand Cross of the Iron Cross - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Grand Cross of the Iron Cross was an award intended for senior Generals of the German Army and dated back to 1870.
		During the Second World War, Hermann Göring was the only recipient of the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross, awarded the decoration on July 19, 1940.
		An even higher decoration, the Star of the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross, was intended to have been presented to the most successful German General of the Second World War, once Germany had achieved victory.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Grand_Cross_of_the_Iron_Cross (149 words)

	Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
		The various grades of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross specifically are discussed within seperate entries due to the great importance of each grade.
		The Knight's Cross with Oakleaves was worn in the same manner as the original Knight's Cross, the only differance being in the addition of oakleaves above the Knight's Cross itself.
		Like the Knight's Cross, the RK with Oakleaves could also be awarded to foreigners and was also awarded to commanders in recognition of the valor of the unit they commanded.
	www.feldgrau.com /rko.html (346 words)

	Iron Cross - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An Iron Cross was inserted into her laurel wreath, making her into a Goddess of Victory.
		The Iron Cross was founded on 10 March 1813 in Breslau and awarded to soldiers during the Wars of Liberation against Napoleon.
		The first Star of the Grand Cross was intended and presented to General Fuerst Gebhard Leberecht von Bluecher for defeating Napoleon in the battle of Waterloo 1815.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Iron_Cross (2510 words)

	The American Historical Foundation
		The earliest Iron Cross medal featured an iron center with a silver frame, a metaphor—when Iron had a spiritual meaning for warriors (and later, as in Bismarck's “by iron and blood”).
		The device of the Iron Cross, surmounted on a “star,” is hand-engraved on a solid 24-Karat Gold grip inlay which, in turn, is inlaid with four Diamonds and four Rubies.
		Deluxe hand engraving honors the Iron Cross, across the top and both sides of the slide, triggerguard and trigger, as on the Star to the Grand Cross edition, with the frame and underside a smooth, polished finish.
	www.ahfrichmond.com /projectgraphics/872IC.ahf (1080 words)

	[No title]
		A native Texan, Grand Master Vinson was born April 15, 1921, at Matador, Texas, the son of Oscar and Maud Vinson.
		He was Grand Master of the Second Veil and Grand Chaplain of the Grand Royal Arch Chapter in 1969 and 1974.
		He is also Past Grand High Priest of the Order of High Priesthood, Past Prior of Texas Priory No. 23, Knights of the York Cross of Honour, Past Governor of West Texas York Rite College No. 26 and a holder of the Knight Templar Cross of Honour and the DeMolay Legion of Honour.
	www.grandlodgeoftexas.org /past_grand_masters/pgm-1978.php (649 words)

	German Military Medals -- Militaire Promotions
		When the Iron Cross was reinstituted in 1939, the design was modified by the addition of the swastika in the center of the cross, and the changing of the ribbon to the national colors of red, white, and fl.
		The most common award was the Iron Cross Second Class, which was worn on a ribbon through the third button hole of the tunic; it was standard practice to wear only the ribbon.
		Recipients of the Iron Cross First and Second Class who had previously won the award in World War I wore their 1914 cross or ribbon with a distinctive 1939 eagle and bar device to indicate the multiple award.
	www.milprom.com /German/medals (664 words)

	uboat.net - The Men - Decorations - Das Eiserne Kreuz - The Iron Cross
		The Iron Cross 2nd Class was worn on a ribbon in the button-hole of the jacket.
		The officers from U-29 were congratulated by Hitler on the first awarded Iron Crosses to the U-Boat force.
		The Bar for Iron Cross 1914 was awarded, when the man already was a owner of the Iron Cross from the WW I. The bar was worn over the EK 1 from 1914 or on the ribbon of the EK 2.
	uboat.net /men/decorations/ek.htm (306 words)

	Phineas Sleeper Archive Wing on loan from Caped Codd
		I. The Iron Cross First and Second Class are the same as those in the Great War except that there is on the face a swastika and the date 1939.
		The Grand Cross is twice the size of the Iron Cross Second Class and is worn on a wide fl, white and red ribbon around the neck.
		The Iron Cross in the case of death will be returned to the next of kin at the family home.
	members.tripod.com /Blitzenspeicher/Bphn1cc2.htm (13515 words)

	World War I Military Medals and Decorations - Germany - Iron Cross [Prussia]
		The Iron Cross was originally established on 10 March 1813 by King Friedrich Wilhelm III.
		The 1914 Iron Cross was awarded without regard for nationality or social class to combatants and non-combatants for acts of heroism, bravery or leadership skills.
		The Grand Cross and the Iron Cross Second Class were suspended from different ribbons.
	www.theaerodrome.com /medals/germany/prussia_ic.php (156 words)

	Hermann Göring - .ceneus.notes
		The battle is recounted flamboyantly in The Rise and Fall of Hermann Goering.
		Years after, Slee gave Göring's Iron Cross to a friend, who later died on the beaches of Normandy on D-Day.
		Göring was the only WWII recipient of the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross, awarded to him by Hitler for his leadership of the Luftwaffe during the conquest of France and the Low Countries.
	notes.ceneus.com /hermann_goering (1503 words)

	Page 26 busts and figurines
		He is wearing a Grand Cross of the Iron Cross at his neck.
		This is a splendid bust of the "Iron Chancellor," Otto von Bismarck.
		Between the two columns is a wreath with an Iron Cross in the center.
	www.derrittmeister.com /busts.htm (2763 words)

	Saddle Iron Ranch Working Cattle. Meeker, Colorado
		The cows are Maine-Anjou cross with some Chi influence.
		This cow was the Grand Champion heifer at the Garfield County Fair.
		She lived to be 17 years old and raised 15 calves.
	www.saddleironranch.com /cattle.htm (75 words)

	Erich Hartmann - top German ace
		To be accurate, the highest military decoration was "The Grand Cross to the Iron Cross." It was only awarded once to Hermann Göring.
		The second highest military decoration was "The Knight's Cross to the Iron Cross with Golden Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds" and was also awarded only once to the Stuka ace Hans-Ulrich Rudel.
		Thus, Hartmann's medal, "The Knight's Cross to the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds," was, to be precise, the third highest German military decoration through WW2, was awarded to 27 soldiers, 12 of whom were Luftwaffe pilots.
	www.acepilots.com /misc_hartmann.html (2228 words)

	Medals of Prussia
		Grand cross badge, grand cross breast star, or neck badge
		- grand cross badge, 1st class, 2nd class or 2nd class with oakleaves.
		- breast star, grand cross badge, 1st class or 2nd class.
	www.fortunecity.com /meltingpot/lawrence/611/prussia.htm (284 words)

	Outpost Flags Online Store - All Items in German WW2 Iron cross
		Ribbon to the Iron cross 1914 ww1 type 18inches 0107000001
		Nazi Knights Cross to the Iron Cross w ribbon and Oak leafs
		Nazi Knights cross to the Iron Cross w ribbon repro
	www.epier.com /store/outpostflags/Category.asp?cat=5791 (175 words)

	Der Freiwillige Military Antiques (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Iron Cross First Class often has the LDO number stamped (incised or incuse relief) into the pin, or sometimes on the back of the lower arm.
		Some collectors have suggested that Iron Crosses with brass cores were more popular with Kriegsmarine crewmen, as they would not rust when exposed to the salt sea air.
		The Knights Cross of the Iron Cross was made with real silver rims.
	www.derfreiwillige.com /collectorinfo.cfm (2737 words)

	Star of the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		It was awarded only twice, over a century apart, to Generalfeldmarschall von Blücher in 1813 and to Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg in 1918.
		Von Blücher's award was referred to as the Blücherstern while Hindenburg's was known as the Hindenburgstern.
		During the reign of Nazi Germany, it was intended to present the Star of the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross as an award to the most successful German General of the Second World War, once Germany had achieved victory.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Star_of_the_Grand_Cross_of_the_Iron_Cross (234 words)

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