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Topic: Grand Duchy of Luxembourg

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	The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
		The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg’s history as a sovereign nation dates from the 1830 revolt by Belgians and Luxembourgers against the rule of William I of the Netherlands.
		Belgian demands to incorporate the Grand Duchy and the Dutch provinces of North Brabant and South Limburg along with the German territories of Moresnet, Eupen and Malmedy in a Greater Belgium were rejected at the Paris Peace Conference.
		Luxembourg’s Chamber of Deputies met for a final pre-war session on August 29, 1939 and voted to surrender full executive and legislative powers to the Grand Duchess and her cabinet for the duration of the conflict.
	worldatwar.net /nations/luxembourg/narrative.html (3611 words)

	LUXEMBOURG, grand duchy, W Europe. The Columbia Encyclopedia: Sixth Edition. 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Luxembourg’s grand duke is the titular head of state; the head of government is the prime minister, who is aided by a council of ministers.
		The county of Luxembourg (originally Lützelburg), extending between the Meuse and Moselle rivers and including the Luxembourg province of Belgium, was one of the largest fiefs in the Holy Roman Empire.
		The grand duchess and her cabinet fled abroad, and a government in exile was established in London.
	www.bartleby.com /aol/65/lu/Luxembou.html (1073 words)

	Chapter I The State
		The Crown of the Grand Duchy is hereditary in the Nassau family in accordance with the Pact of 30 June 1783, Article 71 of the Treaty of Vienna of 9 June 1815, and Article 1 of the Treaty of London of 11 May 1867.
		Every Luxembourger is free to pursue his studies in the Grand Duchy or abroad and to attend universities of his own choosing, subject to the provisions of the law concerning admission to employment and the exercise of certain callings.
		The Grand Ducal Palace in Luxembourg and the Chateau de Berg are reserved for the residence of the Grand Duke.
	www.cmseducation.org /wconsts/luxembourg.html (4630 words)

	Luxembourg, grand duchy, W Europe. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Luxembourg is drained by the Sûre (Sauer) and Alzette rivers, both tributaries of the Moselle (Mosel), which forms part of its eastern border.
		In 1914, Germany violated the neutrality of the grand duchy and occupied it for the duration of World War I. Grand Duchess Marie Adelaide abdicated in 1919 in favor of her sister, Charlotte, who married Prince Felix of Bourbon-Parma.
		In 1961, Prince Jean, son and heir of Grand Duchess Charlotte, was made his mother’s representative as head of state; she formally abdicated in 1964, and Prince Jean became grand duke.
	www.bartleby.com /65/lu/Luxembou.html (1117 words)

	History of Luxembourg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Luxembourg was invaded by Louis XIV of France (husband of Maria Theresa, daughter of Philip IV) in 1684, an action that caused alarm among France's neighbours and resulted in the formation of the League of Augsburg in 1686.
		Luxembourg, somewhat diminished in size (as the medieval lands had been slightly reduced by the French and Prussian heirs), was augmented in another way through the elevation to the status of grand duchy and placed under the rule of William I of the Netherlands.
		Luxembourg remained a possession of the kings of the Netherlands until the death of William III in 1890, when the grand duchy passed to the House of Nassau-Weilburg due to a Nassau inheritance pact of 1783.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Luxembourg (2902 words)

	Royalty.nu - Grand Dukes and Duchesses of Luxembourg, the House of Nassau
		Royalty.nu - Grand Dukes and Duchesses of Luxembourg, the House of Nassau
		Luxembourg is a constitutional monarchy; the grand duke is the head of state, but he swears to observe the country's laws and has little political power.
		France conquered the Austrian Netherlands in 1795, and for the next 20 years Luxembourg was France's "Department of Forests." In 1815, after the overthrow of Napoleon I, the Congress of Vienna granted Luxembourg independence as a grand duchy and gave it to King William I of the Netherlands.
	www.royalty.nu /Europe/Luxembourg.html (1223 words)

	The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
		The oldest son is Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg, crown prince of Nassau.
		As the Salian law was in force in Luxembourg, after the death of King Willem III the throne of Luxemburg was given to Adolph Duke of Nassau, from the Walramian branch of the House of Nassau.
		Grand Duchess Charlotte abdicated in 1964 in favour of her oldest son Jean, and died in 1985.
	www.nettyroyal.nl /luxemburg1.html (656 words)

	The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
		The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, a constitutional monarchy, is an independent sovereign state, tucked between Belgium, France and Germany (cf Luxembourg in Europe map).
		Luxembourg) starts in the year 963, when Siegfried, Count of the Ardennes, and founder of the Luxembourg Dynasty, had a castle built on the territory of the present-day capital of Luxembourg.
		Luxembourg is home to the ArcelorMittal group (previously known as ARBED), the largest private employer in the country and the number one steel company in the world with a turnover of 88.6 billion dollars in 2006.
	www.luxembourg.co.uk /nutshell.html (1795 words)

	Embassy of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, Washington, DC
		Embassy of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, Washington, DC Embassy of the Grand-
		miles) the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg is located in the heart of Western Europe.
		Copyright © 2003 Embassy of Grand Duchy of Luxembourg and Globescope, Inc.
	www.luxembourg-usa.org (119 words)

	Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, a constitutional monarchy, is an independant sovereign state, tucked between Belgium, France and Germany.
		Luxembourg is one of the smallest countries on earth.
		Geographically, Luxembourg is split between the northern end of the Lorraine plateau to the south and the Ardennes hills to the north.
	www.nbb.cornell.edu /neurobio/linster/luxembourg.htm (108 words)

	Luxembourg
		Traditionally Luxembourgers have been farmers, the Italians arrived at the end of the 19th Century to work in the steel industry, while the Spanish and Portuguese arrived in the last twenty years.
		Due to the fortress of Luxembourg City, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg survived the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire and the unification of the German states by Bismarck during the 19th Century.
		The Grand Duchy is the home of 212 banks and during the last two decades Luxembourg has become an important financial centre mainly due to its central location, its membership of the EU and the size and efficiency of the banking sector.
	www.ebmgroup.com /EBMGROUP/Luxembourg.html (967 words)

	Jurisdictions: Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
		The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg is situated in Western Europe between Belgium, France and Germany and was created within the German Bund by the treaty of Vienna of 1815.
		Luxembourg enjoys a mild climate, temperatures are continental with winter (November to February) temperatures as low as -15C, while the summer (July, August) temperatures can rise to as high as 35C.
		Luxembourg is a member of OECD, the European Union, the Benelux Union and the Belgium / Luxembourg Economic Union.
	www.offshoreadviser.co.uk /jurisdiction_luxembourg.htm (1578 words)

	Luxembourg
		Until 1866 the Grand Duchy was member of the German Confederation, the loss of the Walloon part being compensated for the Germans with the Dutch part of Limburg as a Duchy.
		The flags of the Netherlands and of Luxembourg (as they are known internationally) are similar, but not the same, and it's just a coincidence, nothing to do with having any common origin.
		The colours of Luxembourg are derived from the coat of arms.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/lu.html (1418 words)

	World InfoZone - Luxembourg Information - Page 1
		The Duchy is landlocked and bordered by France, Belgium and Germany.
		The traditional architecture of Luxembourg is typical of the forested and mountainous regions of Europe, with timbered and stone buildings combining housing with barns and animal stabling.
		Luxembourg's central position in Europe has made the country militarily important and this is reflected in its military architecture.
	www.worldinfozone.com /country.php?country=Luxembourg (474 words)

	Arounder: Luxembourg: Luxembourg: virtual tour, map
		It's with the acquisition by Siegfried of the "Lucilinburhuc" - Luxembourg Castle - that this small grand duchy, (among the smallest countries in the world) was born, back in 963, even if its importance dates back to the Roman Era, when the zone was crossroad of important streets for commerce.
		With the defeat of Napoleon, Prussia and the Netherlands disputed the territory and the Congress of Vienna decided that Luxemburg was to be a Gran Duchy, in union with the Netherlands.
		Highlights of Luxembourg is the Forteresse - with its underground tunnels (the Casemates) - whose construction began in 1644, during the Spanish domination.
	luxembourg.arounder.com (816 words)

	AllTravel Grand Duchy Luxembourg travel and tourism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Wedged between France, Germany and Belgium, it encompasses forested highlands in the north (the Ardennes) and rolling farmland and world-class vineyards in the south.
		The country’s capital, Luxembourg City, is in the south of the country.
		oday, Luxembourg’s per capita GDP is one of the world’s highest and its people enjoy a consistently high standard of living.
	www.alltravelluxembourg.com /Luxembourg/Destination_Guides (263 words)

	Luxembourg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Luxembourg has a population of under half a million people in an area of about 2,600 square kilometres (997 sq mi).
		Luxembourg is one of the smallest countries in Europe, and ranked 175th in size of all the 194 independant countries of the world; the country is about 2,586 square kilometres (999 sq. mi) in size, and measures 82 km (51 miles) long and 57 km (35 miles) wide.
		Luxembourg possesses the highest GDP per capita in the world (US$80,288 as of 2005), the twelfth highest Human Development Index, and the fourth highest quality of life.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Luxembourg (2510 words)

	LUXEMBOURG,The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
		Luxembourg is bordered by Belgium to the west and north, Germany to the east and France to the south.
		Luxembourg is a linguistic puzzle, due to the fact that several languages are spoken and written on the names of streets, shops, restaurants, etc.
		Luxembourg City, the Capital of Luxembourg, is the largest city in Luxembourg.
	www.french-at-a-touch.com /Countries/Luxembourg/luxembourg.htm (1073 words)

	Luxembourg Genealogical Research
		The first thing to remember when undertaking Luxembourg genealogical research is that there are "two Luxembourgs" -- the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (an independent nation) and the Luxembourg province of Belgium, just to the west of the Grand Duchy.
		The "Luxembourg Culture Zone" in Europe (the area in which the Germanic dialect Luxembourgeois or Letzebuergesch is spoken) includes the Grand Duchy, part of Luxembourg Province, and small areas in the Netherlands, France, and Germany -- together about 3,000 square miles including nearly a 1,000,000 people.
		The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg: the Evolution of Nationhood
	www.stthomas.edu /libraries/special/LuxGenRes.htm (1079 words)

	Luxembourg (09/06)
		Although Luxembourg considers 1835 (Treaty of London) to be its year of independence, it was not granted political autonomy until 1839 under King William I of the Netherlands, who also was the Grand Duke of Luxembourg.
		The Embassy of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg in the United States is located at 2200 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 (tel.
		Luxembourg is a member of the Benelux Economic Union and was one of the founding members of the European Economic Community (now the European Union).
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/3182.htm (2995 words)

	Information on the Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg
		Grand Ducal decree of 21 September 1995 concerning the surname and the titles of the Members of the Grand Ducal Family (in French only)
		Grand Ducal decree of 3 February 2006 modifying the Grand Ducal decree of 21 September 1995 concerning the surname and the titles of the Members of the Grand Ducal Family (in French only)
		The succession to the Grand Ducal throne of Luxembourg is dealt with in the Constitution of 17 October 1868, Article 3:
	www.geocities.com /dagtho/luxembourg.html (499 words)

	Commission of the European Communities v Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. (Action against Member States for failure to fulfil ...
		Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, represented by Claude Franck, Senior Adviser in the Ministry for the Environment, acting as Agent, with an address for service in Luxembourg at the Ministry for the Environment, 18 Montée de la Pétrusse,
		4 By letter of 19 July 1990, the Permanent Representative of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg stated that a draft law concerning the assessment of the environmental impact of certain public and private projects had been drawn up and that the procedure for its adoption was in progress.
		Since the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg has failed in its submissions, it must be ordered to pay the costs.
	www.worldlii.org /eu/cases/EUECJ/1994/C31393.html (953 words)

	Tax Treaties - Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
		In Ireland relief is to be given by allowing against the Irish tax payable on Luxembourg income, a credit in respect of the Luxembourg tax which the income has borne including generally, in the case of dividends, an appropriate proportion of the Luxembourg tax on the profits out of which the dividends are paid.
		In Luxembourg, relief is to be given by way of exemption of income (except dividends) from sources in Ireland but the income so exempted is to be taken into account for the purpose of determining the rate of Luxembourg tax to be imposed on the taxpayer's other income.
		In the case of other dividends, Luxembourg tax is charged on the gross dividend less Irish income tax at the full rate, whether or not the dividend has suffered tax at the full or at a reduced rate, and credit is given for 15 per cent of the Luxembourg tax so chargeable (Article 23).
	www.revenue.ie /services/tax_info/dtas/luxemb.htm (4183 words)

	Luxembourg : In Depth : Today \| Frommers.com
		And the enchanting Luxembourg countryside, particularly its northern reaches in the Ardennes, has become a popular holiday destination for Luxembourgers themselves and for people from the neighboring countries of Germany, France, Belgium, and the Netherlands, making tourism an important industry.
		Luxembourgers learn and use their native tongue from earliest childhood, and then study German in their first school years and French shortly after.
		Luxembourg, a constitutional monarchy, has a one-house legislature, the Chamber of Deputies, which is made up of 64 members who are elected for 5-year terms.
	www.frommers.com /destinations/luxembourg/0107020043.html (926 words)

	Luxembourg Europe - Map, Pictures, Travel Guide and Economy
		In 1957, Luxembourg became one of the six founding countries of the European Economic Community (later the European Union), and in 1999 it joined the euro currency area.
		Founded in 963, Luxembourg became a grand duchy in 1815 and an independent state under the Netherlands.
		Although Luxembourg, like all EU members, has suffered from the global economic slump, the country has maintained a fairly strong growth rate and enjoys an extraordinarily high standard of living.
	luxembourg.europe-countries.com (961 words)

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