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Topic: Grand Duchy of Poznan

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	Grand duchy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Grand Duchy is the appellation of the territory of a sovereign Grand Duke's territory.
		Grand Duke is also the usual and established translation of sovereign Grand Prince in languages which do not have separate words meaning prince for (1) the non-ruling relatives of a monarch, and (2) monarch (sovereign or like) princes.
		However, a grand prince was usually only primus inter pares within a dynasty, other princes of the dynasty were approximately as entitled to succession as the then ruler (succession was for example through agnatic seniority or rotation), and often other members of the dynasty ruled parts of the same realm as some sort of "sub-princes".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Grand_Duchy (1419 words)

	Grand Prince - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Grand Prince, used in the Slavic and Baltic languages, was the title of a medieval monarch who headed more or less loose confederation whose constituent parts were ruled by lesser princes.
		However, a grand prince was usually only primus inter pares within a dynasty, other princes of the dynasty were approximately as much entitled to succession as the current ruler (for example, succession was through agnatic seniority or rotation), and often other members of the dynasty ruled some constituent parts of the monarchy/ country.
		The title Grand Prince (which in many of those lands already was in later grand princely epochs awarded simultaneously to several rulers in the more expanded dynasty) continued as a courtesy title for all or several members of the dynasty, such as the Grand Duke of Russia in Russia's imperial era.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Grand_Prince (980 words)

	Duchy of Warsaw - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Duchy of Warsaw (Polish: Księstwo Warszawskie, Latin: Ducatus Varsoviae, French: Duche de Varsovie) was a Polish state established by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1807 from the Polish lands he seized from the Kingdom of Prussia in Treaties of Tilsit.
		During Napoleon's Russian campaign in 1812 the Polish Parliament passed an act restoring the Kingdom, renaming the Duchy of Warsaw the Kingdom of Poland in union with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, but with the campaign's failure, the status of the Duchy of Warsaw was restored.
		Grand Duchy of Poznan annexed by Prussia - 29,000 km²
	www.southhouston.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Duchy_of_Warsaw (613 words)

	Grand Duchy of Poznań - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Grand Duchy of Poznań (Polish: Wielkie Księstwo Poznańskie, German: Großherzogtum Posen) was an autonomous province of the Kingdom of Prussia in the Polish lands commonly known as "Great Poland" between the years 1815-1848.
		The monarch of the duchy was the Hohenzollern king of Prussia and his representative was the Duke-Governor: the first was Prince Antoni Radziwiłł (1815-1831), who was married to Princess Luise of Prussia, the king's cousin.
		The Prussian administrative unit that covered the territory of the Duchy was called the Province of the Grand Duchy of Poznań in the years 1815-1849, and later to simplify just the Province of Poznań (Polish: Prowincja Poznańska, German: Provinz Posen).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Poznan (1614 words)

	Duchy of Warsaw (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Duchy of Warsaw was a Polish state established by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1807 from the Polish lands he seized from the Kingdom of Prussia in Treaties of Tilsit.
		The Duchy had was endowed with a formal constitution by Napoleon (see Constitution of Duchy of Warsaw).
		Poles expected in 1812 that the duchy would be upgraded to the status of a kingdom, and that during Napoleon's march on Russia, it would be joined with the liberated territories of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
	www.uncover.us /en/wikipedia/d/du/duchy_of_warsaw.html (363 words)

	Grand Duchy of Poznan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The monarch of the Duchy was the Prussian King (a Hohenzollern) and his representative was the governor-general: the first was prince Antoni Radziwill (1815-1831), married to Princess Luise of Prussia, the king's cousin.
		The territory of the duchy was divided into 2 districts: Kreis Posen (Poznan District), Kreis Bromberg (Bydgoszcz District), and 26 counties administered by the landrats and the county councils.
		After the November Uprising (1830 in Congress Poland against Russia) which was significantly supported by the Poles from the Grand Duchy of Poznan, the Prussian administration under over-president Edward Flotwell introduced a system of police and repression against the Poles.
	publicliterature.org /en/wikipedia/g/gr/grand_duchy_of_poznan.html (1408 words)

	Grand Duchy of Poznan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Grand Duchy of Poznań; (Polish: Wielkie Księstwo Poznańskie, German: Grossherzogtum Posen) was province of Prussia in the Polish lands commonly known as "Great Poland" between the years 1815-1849.
		The monarch of the Duchy was the Prussian King (a Hohenzollern) and his representative was the Governor-General: the first was prince Antoni Radziwiłł; (1815-1831), who was married to Princess Luise of Prussia, the king's cousin.
		The Prussian administrative unit that covered the territory of the Duchy was called the Province of the Grand Duchy of Poznań; in the years 1815-1849, and later to simplify just the Province of Poznań; (Polish: Prowincja Poznańska, German: Provinz Posen).
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Duchy_of_Poznan (1587 words)

	Grand Duchy
		A grand duchy is a form of principality which has a Grand Duke or a Grand Duchess as head of state.
		An early use of the title was in Grand Duchy of Lithuania (since 14th century), Grand Duchy of Moscow, and also in Tuscany, which became a grand duchy in 1569, and remained one until 1860, when it was annexed by Piedmont-Sardinia.
		The Duchy of Warsaw (1809-1813) - not Grand
	publicliterature.org /en/wikipedia/g/gr/grand_duchy.html (347 words)

	Encyclopedia: Grand Duchy of Poznan
		Grand Duchy of Poznań; (Polish: Wielkie Księstwo Poznańskie, German: Grossherzogtum Posen) was province of Prussia in the Polish lands commonly known as "Great Poland" between the years 1815-1918.
		The Central Economic Society for the Grand Duchy of Poznań; (Polish: Centralne Towarzystwo Gospodarcze dla Wielkiego Księstwa Poznańskiego) was an social-economic organization of Polish landowners in Greater Poland region (at this time called the Grand Duchy of Poznań; established at the meeting on 21-22 February 1861 as a...
		Monument of Cyryl Ratajski in Poznan Cyryl Ratajski (1875- 1942) was a Polish politician and lawyer.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Grand-Duchy-of-Poznan (7074 words)

	PGSA - Poznan
		The annals of the Grand Duchy of Poznan~ since 1815 record this or that royal decree, ministerial rescript, ordination of regulations, etc., monotonous as the grave.
		The period from 1831 to 1846 was filled by the religious propaganda of Czerski, the matter of Archbishop Dunin*, the agitation of emissaries, and the plot of Mierosl~awski.
		The projected reorganization of the Grand Duchy of Poznan~ was shattered against the resistance of the German populace, which was ready to fight the Poles on its own.
	www.pgsa.org /poznan.htm (1430 words)

	Grand duchy -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Grand Princes were medieval monarchs which ruled a nation or several tribes, and were usually at the time translated as (A male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom) kings.
		Napoleon used the title "Grand Duchy" extensively: during his era, several of his allies were allowed to assume the title of Grand Duke, usually at the same time as their inherited fiefs were enlarged by additional lands obtained as Napoleon's allies.
		Note that a (A prince who rules a territory) Grand Duke or (The wife of a grand duke or a woman holding that rank in her own right) Grand Duchess is not necessarily associated with a Grand Duchy; see the relevant articles for more information.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/G/Gr/Grand_duchy.htm (1446 words)

	Grand_Duchy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The first monarchy ever officially titled "Grand Duchy" was the Medici sovereignty of Tuscany, which received the title in 1569 from the Holy Roman Emperor.
		Tuscany became a grand duchy in 1569, and remained one until 1860, when it was annexed by Piedmont-Sardinia as part of Italy's reunification.
		Though Napoleon was defeated at Waterloo and his vassal territories like the Grand Duchy of Berg were erased from the European map, the representatives assembled at the Congress of Vienna consented to yet more uses of the title by restored dukes and princes, especially those in the lands that had constituted the Holy Roman Empire.
	www.usedaudiparts.com /search.php?title=Grand_Duchy (1421 words)

	Statute of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
		The Statutes of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the third edition of which was published in 1588, were written in Belarusian, and were the first full code of laws written in Europe since Roman Law.
		Grand Duke Zhygimont announced on the Sojm (a congress of aristocracy - main ruling body of Grand Duchy of Lithuania) decision in Vilnia in 1522 that because of many inconsistencies in courts he was planning to write a general law to prevent further legal uncertainaty.
		The Vice Chancellor of Grand Duchy of Lithuania Leu Sapega was the soul of the third revision of Statut.
	www.belarusguide.com /culture1/texts/Statut.html (1444 words)

	Grand Duchy of Posen 1815-1849, Posen Province 1849-1920 (Prussia, Germany) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Grand Duchy of Posen 1815-1849, Posen Province 1849-1920 (Prussia, Germany)
		Grand Duchy of Posen 1815-1849, Posen Province 1849-1886
		In 1849 the Grand Duchy was renamed to Province of Poznan (German Provinz Posen) and the autonomy was suppressed.
	atlasgeo.span.ch /fotw/flags/de-pr-po.html (130 words)

	duchy
		A duchy is a territory, fief, or domain ruled by a duke or duchess.
		Historically, some duchies in Continental Europe were sovereign, while others (especially in France and Britain) were subordinate districts of a kingdom.
		The income of the Duchy of Cornwall accrues to the Duke of Cornwall, who is the monarch's eldest son if heir to the throne (and thus currently the Prince of Wales).
	www.fact-library.com /duchy.html (291 words)

	All words on Duchy of Warsaw
		The title and status of a Grand Duke and Grand Duchy is slightly higher that Duke and Duchy, so if Frederick Augustus had received these titles he would be the first to tell it to everybody.
		During Napoleon's Russian campain in 1812 the Polish Parliament passed an act restorinig the Kingdom, renaming the Duchy of Warsaw into the Kingdom of Poland in union with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, but with the campaign's failure, the status of the Duchy of Warsaw was restored.
		---- pl:Księstwo Warszawskie Warsaw, Duchy of Category:Warsaw Warsaw, Duchy of
	www.allwords.org /du/duchy-of-warsaw.html (571 words)

	Rising in Poznan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Polish rising in the Grand Duchy of Poznan.
		The local Prussian authorities regarded this decision as an infringement of their competence and announced the grand duchy to be in the state of siege as of April 3.
		The defeat of the Polish rising in the Grand Duchy of Poznan was the first success of the counter-revolution in Europe in 1848, an introduction to the collapse of the springtime of nations.
	www.ohiou.edu /~Chastain/ip/poznrise.htm (1511 words)

	Bambooweb: Poznan
		Poznan was the capital of the Greater Poland area when it came under control of Prussia in 1793, its administrative area renamed to South Prussia.
		Following the defeat of Napoleon, the Greater Poland area returned to Prussia, ostensibly as an autonomous Grand Duchy of Poznan, but was reclassified as a Prussian province in 1830.
		Poznan was the capital of the area during all periods of Prussian control, with the official name "Posen".
	www.bambooweb.com /articles/p/o/Poznan.html (1741 words)

	Poznan bei eLexi - das Onlinelexikon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		With the second partition of Poland 1793 the city fell to Kingdom of Prussia and was made the capital of the province of South Prussia.
		After the fall of Napoleon in 1815, according to the Vienna peace congress, Poznań; fell to Prussia, and was made the capital of the Grand Duchy of Poznan (1815–1846).
		Later the duchy was renamed the Province of Poznań; (Provinz Posen, 1846–1918) of the Prussian state, governed by the royal Over-President.
	www.elexi.de /en/p/po/poznan.html (2198 words)

	Poznan
		Without the special characters, the name is sometimes also spelled Poznan in English, it is also referred to, in Polish language, as Stołeczne Miasto Poznań;, German Haupt- und Residenzstadt Posen, Latin: Posnania, civitas Posnaniensis.
		Poznan was in years 1815-1919 the capital of the Grand Duchy of Poznan in personal union with the Kingdom of Prussia, but it was not part of Germany.
		Poznan was also occupied by the Nazi Germany during World War II (1939-45).
	pedia.newsfilter.co.uk /wikipedia/p/po/poznan.html (1350 words)

	Grand Duchy of Poznan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The monarch of the Duchy was the Prussian King (a Hohenzollern) and his representative was the governor-general: the first was Duke Antoni Radziwiłł (1815-1831), married to Princess Luiza of Prussia, the king's cousin.
		Up to 1830 the Prussian authorities were relatively tolerant to the Polish people, only the Prussian administrative schemes were introduced and the role of German language was strenghened in education.
		He started to expel the Poles from administration, tried to weaken the Polish nobility by buying its lands, and after 1832 the role of the Polish language in education was significantly supressed.
	portaljuice.com /grand_duchy_of_poznan.html (241 words)

	Poznań Archaelogical Museum - Death and Life in Ancient Egypt - permanent exhibition
		A permanent exposition of ancient Egyptian art in Poznan is the result of many years of cooperation between Poznan and the museums in Berlin and Munich, an association which has also led Poznan archaeologists, starting with Prof.
		The class of the Ancient Egyptian art once again on public display in Poznan calls for an extensive color catalogue to accompany the exposition, a work which is currently under preparation.
		The Poznan Archaeological Museum is looking for sponsors willing to participate in the costs of printing this extremely needed publication.
	www.muzarp.poznan.pl /muzeum/muz_eng/egypt_pict_podsumowanie.htm (554 words)

	Scientific Help Society for the Youth of the Grand Duchy of Poznan - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Scientific Help Society for the Youth of the Grand Duchy of Poznan - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Scientific Help Society for the Youth of the Grand Duchy of Poznan.
		It was active until the outbreak of World War II in 1939.
		Scientific Help Society for the Youth of the Grand Duchy of Poznan article.
	www.encyclopedia-glossary.com /en/Scientific-Help-Society-for-the-Youth-of-the-Grand-Duchy-of-Poznan.html (341 words)

	The intellectual and social testament of Karol Marcinkowski (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Karol Marcinkowski was born in Poznan on the 23rd of June, 1800 in a lover middle class family.
		As a result of the persistent appeals made by the citizens of Wielkopolska, as well as by the Poznan municipal authorities, to the King, the doctor was granted "leave" from prison to help fight the grave cholera epidemic.
		Marcinkowski who, by virtue of his life, created a model personality of a doctor and was also a precursor of the innovatory trends in Poznan medicine- is regarded as the most outstanding social activist and co-organizer of the modern scientific, economic and cultural life in Wielkopolska.
	ampat.amu.edu.pl /esej.htm (3199 words)

	Gustaw Potworowski (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Born on June, 1800 at Bielewo in the Grand Duchy of Poznan.
		At the terminal stage of the rising he crossed the Russo-Prussian border and was interned near Klaipeda from where he escaped and returned to the Grand Duchy of Poznan.
		Potworowski distinguished himself among his compatriots in the Grand Duchy of Poznan with his patriotism, readiness to sacrifices in the name of public causes, and consistency in practicing legal opposition towards the Prussian politics.
	www.cats.ohiou.edu /~Chastain/ip/potwor.htm (351 words)

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