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Topic: Grand Duke of Hesse

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	Grand Duke (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Grand Duke is the usual and established translation of Grand Prince in languages which do not have separate words meaning prince for (1) children of a monarch, and (2) monarch (sovereign or like) princes.
		The title Grand Prince (which in many of those lands already was in later medieval centuries awarded simultaneously to several rulers in the more expanded dynasty) continued, in modern times, as a courtesy title for all or several members of the dynasty, such as the Grand Duke of Russia (veliki knjaz) in Russia's imperial era.
		From 1328 the Velikii Kniaz of Muscovy appeared as the Grand Duke for "all of Russia" until Ivan IV of Russia in 1547 was crowned as Tsar.
	grand-duke.iqnaut.net (1209 words)

	Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ludwig IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine.
		4 Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine
		Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine (13 March 1892-9 November 1918); married (1) HRH Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha; divorced
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Louis_IV,_Grand_Duke_of_Hesse (560 words)

	Alexander Palace Time Machine - Ernst Ludwig, Grand Duke of Hesse (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Ernst Ludwig, destined to be the last Grand Duke of Hesse und bei Rhein, was born in November of 1868.
		He was one of seven children born to the future Grand Duke Ludwig IV and Princess Alice of Great Britain and Ireland, second daughter of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, the Prince Consort.
		In February 1931, the Grand Duke's eldest son, Prince Georg Donatus, married Princess Cecilie, daughter of Prince and Princess Andrew of Greece, sister of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.
	www.alexanderpalace.org /palace/ErnieHesse.html (3665 words)

	Grand Duke (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The title Magnus Dux or Grand Duke (''Didysis kunigaikštis'' in Lithuanian) was used by the rulers of Lithuania, and after Jagiello also became kings of Poland and was later found among the titles used by kings of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
		"Grand Duke" is the traditional translation of the title Velikiy Kniaz, which from the 11th century was at first the title of the leading Prince of Kievan Rus', then of several princes of the Rus'.
		Junior members of the Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg are also Royal Highnesses; however, this derives from their status as cadet members of the dethroned royal house of Bourbon-Parma and not from the Grand Ducal title.
	grand-duke.kiwiki.homeip.net (602 words)

	Daughters of Grand Duke Ludwig IV of Hesse and the Rhine (1837-1892)
		Ludwig IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine (1837-1892)
		Ernst I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1784-1844)
		Ludwig I, Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine (1753-1830)
	gsteinbe.intrasun.tcnj.edu /royalty/ahnenreihe/HesseSisters.htm (160 words)

	Decorations of the Grand Duchy of Hesse
		The Grand Duchy had a 1905 population of 1.21 million, ranking sixth in size in the German Empire after the four kingdoms and the Grand Duchy of Baden.
		The Hesse region had a long military tradition, mainly due to being heavily populated and located in the crossroads of many an army, but disunity kept the Hessians from becoming a major power.
		Troops from Hesse-Darmstadt fought in various campaigns in the Napoleonic Wars and the Grand Duke contributed several regiments to the armies of the German Confederation, the North German Confederation and the Empire.
	home.att.net /~david.danner/militaria/hessen.htm (988 words)

	The Grand Dukes of Russia
		Grand Duke Constantine remarried (morganatically) at Warsaw 24 May 1820, to Joanna, created Princess Lowicka with the qualification of Serene Highness by Emperor Alexander I 1820 (born at Warsaw 29 September 1799; died at Tsarskoe Selo 29 November 1831), daughter of Count Antoni Grudna Grudzinscy, by his first wife Marianna Dorpowska.
		Grand Duke George Mikhailovich was murdered by the Bolsheviks at St. Petersburg 30 January 1919.
		Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich was murdered by the Bolsheviks at Perm sometime between 18 and 28 July 1918.
	www.angelfire.com /pa/ImperialRussian/royalty/russia/dukes.html (1116 words)

	Alexandra Fyodorovna (Alix of Hesse) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		HGDH Princess Alix of Hesse and by Rhine (1874-1894)
		Her father was Grand Duke Louis IV, and her mother was the former Princess Alice, the second daughter of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert.
		Grand Duke George had died of tuberculosis in the late 1890s and was buried in the Peter and Paul Fortress in St.Petersburg.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Alexandra_of_Hesse (2988 words)

	Grand Ducal Standards until c.1903 (Hesse, Germany) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Ströhl 1897 shows the standard of the grand duke with a ratio of almost exactly 7:10, while the standard for other members of the grand ducal family and the state flag and ensign are shown as 4:5.
		797 (inv 1892) Ernst Ludwig Karl Albrecht Wilhelm, Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine [Hesse-Darmstadt] (1868-1937).
		Ströhl 1897 shows the standard for other members of the grand ducal family with a ratio of 4:5 (same as the state flag and ensign, but the standard of the grand duke almost 7:10).
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/de-he^d1.html (614 words)

	Worldroots.com
		1509 Hesse, Philip I the Magnanimous of, Landgrave of Hesse
		1790 Hesse, Louis I of, Grand Duke of Hesse
		1848 Hesse, Louis III of, Grand Duke of Hesse
	worldroots.com /brigitte/houseofhesse.htm (390 words)

	Grand Ducal Standards c.1903-1918 (Hesse, Germany) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine, Grossherzog von Hessen und bei Rhein
		The grand duchess flew the same lion as the grand duke within a white border with red squares in the corners.
		The heir apparent's flag was the same as the grand duke's, the lion however without sword.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/de-he^d2.html (558 words)

	Grand Duke - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		One of the first examples was the semi-official use of Grand Duke meaning the later Dukes of Burgundy, i.e in 15th century, when they ruled a portion of East France as well as most of the Netherlands.
		Philip III, Duke of Burgundy (ruler 1419-67) assumed the subsidiary, legally void style and title Grand Duke of the West in 1435, having recently consolidated duchies of Brabant and Limbourg as well as the countships of Holland, Zeeland, Friesland, Hainaut and Namur under his possession.
		Grand Prince Ivan IV of Muscovy was apparently the last monarch to rule without any higher title, until he assumed the style Tsar of Russia in 1547.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Grand_Duke (1314 words)

	Hesse and by Rhine (Darmstadt) Royal Family
		See 32.18 - Ludwig was the son of Landgrave Ludwig X of Hesse-Darmstadt (1753-1830) who assumed the title of Grand Duke in 1806 and by the Congress of Vienna was further recognised as the Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine (as Ludwig I).
		Grand Duke Ernst lost his throne on 8 November 1918 when Hesse was proclaimed a Republic.
		Friedrich Wilhelm "Frittie" of Hesse and by Rhine
	www.btinternet.com /~allan_raymond/Hesse_Rhine_Royal_Family.htm (1230 words)

	Ludwig IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine - Education - Information - Educational Resources - Encyclopedia - Music (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		His Grand Ducal Highness Prince Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig Karl, was born at Darmstadt, the son of Prince Karl of Hesse and by Rhine (23 April 1809-20 March 1877) and Princess Elizabeth of Prussia (18 June 1815-21 March 1855).
		her cousin HIH The Grand Duke Sergei of Russia (11 May 1857-17 February 1905, the fifth son of Tsar Alexander II and Empress Maria Alexandrovna, nee Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine, and had no issue.
		Grand Duke Ludwig IV died on 13 March 1892 and was succeeded by his son, Ernst Ludwig.
	education.music.us /L/Ludwig-IV,-Grand-Duke-of-Hesse-and-by-Rhine.htm (821 words)

	HESSE - Online Information article about HESSE
		Saxony, the Thuringian States, Bavaria, Hesse and the Rhine Province.
		Frankfort-on-Main, parts of the grand-duchy of Hesse, the territory of Homburg and the countship of Hesse-Homburg, together with certain small districts which belonged to Bavaria.
		Perhaps the most celebrated member of this family was Charles Constantine (1752-1821), a younger son of the landgrave Constantine, who was called " citoyen Hesse," and who took part in the French Revolution.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /HEG_HIG/HESSE.html (2675 words)

	I1464: Louis IV Grand Duke Of Hesse (1837 - 13 MAR 1892)
		Spouses of Louis IV Grand Duke Of Hesse
		Descendants of Louis IV Grand Duke Of Hesse and Princess Alice Maud Mary Windsor
		6 Alix Victoria Helena Louise Beatrice Of Hesse = Nickolas Alexandrovich Romanov
	web.ukonline.co.uk /Members/nigel.battysmith/Database/D0009/I1464.html (169 words)

	I2038: Ernest Louis Of Hesse (Grand Duke) (25 NOV 1868 - 1937)
		In 1892, at the age of 23, he became Grand Duke of Hesse and began to patronise German artists, architects and sculptors.
		Naturally, this inflamed Nickolas and especially Alexandra; not only because she had scandalised the world by leaving Ernie, but also because Kyril was a Romanov in line for the throne and he was required to get the Tsar's permission before marrying.
		Descendants of Grand Duke Ernest Louis Of Hesse and Princess Victoria Melita Of Saxe-Coburg
	web.ukonline.co.uk /Members/nigel.battysmith/Database/D0023/I2038.html (492 words)

	Alexander Palace Time Machine - Princess Alice of Hesse and by Rhine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		However Alice, the Grand Duchess of Hesse-Darmstadt, was a unique individual in her own right.
		The Queen, along with the rest of her family, were still in mourning when Alice married Louis, the grand duke of Hesse-Darmstadt seven months after her father's death.
		Alice once wrote to her mother about the visits, stating she felt the need of doing the little good she was capable of.
	www.alexanderpalace.org /palace/alicehessebio.html (1121 words)

	The Titles of the European Rulers
		When the House of Thuringia became extinct, Hesse passed to Henry "the Child" (+1308), the son of Henry II, Duke of Brabant, and Sophie, the daughter of Louis IV, Landgrave of Thuringia.
		In 1866 the ruling House of Hesse-Homburg became extinct and its possessions passed to the Grand Duke of Hesse-Darmstadt.
		- "Count-Palatine of the Rhine" with "Grand Duke of the Rhine" (1815).
	www.geocities.com /eurprin/hesse.html (3185 words)

	Hesse-Darmstadt - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The majority of the state combined with Frankfurt am Main, the Waldeck area (Rhine-Province) and the old Prussian province of Hesse-Nassau to form the new state of Hesse following the Second World War.
		Excepted was the Montabaur district from Hessen-Nassau and that part of Hessen-Darmstadt on the left bank of the Rhine (Rhenish Hesse) became part of the Rhineland-Palatinate state.
		Anhalt · Baden · Bavaria · Brunswick · Hesse · Lippe · Mecklenburg-Schwerin · Mecklenburg-Strelitz · Oldenburg · Prussia · Saxony · Schaumburg-Lippe · Thuringia · Waldeck · Württemberg
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Hesse (501 words)

	Ernest Ludwig, Grand Duke of Hesse-Darmstadt and The Rhine (1868-1937), Eldest son of Princess Alice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Ernest Ludwig, Grand Duke of Hesse-Darmstadt and The Rhine (1868-1937), Eldest son of Princess Alice
		Ernest Ludwig, Grand Duke of Hesse-Darmstadt and The Rhine; Princess Alice Maud Mary
		Ernest Ludwig, Grand Duke of Hesse-Darmstadt and The Rhine
	www.npg.org.uk /live/search/person.asp?LinkID=mp51770 (112 words)

	Hesse
		At the end of July 1808 the grand duke of Hesse got the order to place a regiment infantry and a half battery artillery at Napoleon's disposal.
		July the mobilization of the socalled Brigade "Groß und Erbprinz" (this is the Brigade of the heir to the throne) was ordered.
		August the Grand Duke took leave of of his troops.
	www.hat.com /Othr/Hesse.html (2379 words)

	Ludwig, Prince of Hesse and the Rhine (1907- )
		Ludwig, Prince of Hesse and the Rhine (1907-)
		Ludwig, Prince of Hesse and the Rhine (1908-)
		Ernst Ludwig, Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine (1868-1937)
	gsteinbe.intrasun.tcnj.edu /royalty/ahnenreihe/LudwigHesse.htm (185 words)

	Royal Family Archives - Victoria Hanover to Henry Maurice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		NOTES: a.k.a.: Leopold, Duke of Albany; Leopold George Duncan Albert, Duke of Albany.
		NOTES: Albert Victor Christian Edward, Duke of Clarence; "Eddy" He was of limited intellect, almost ineducable, and when he reached young manhood his dandyism earned him the nickname of "Prince Collar and Cuffs".
		NOTES: Title: Louis IV of Hesse; Grand Duke Louis IV of Hesse and The Rhine; a.k.a.: Ludwig IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and The Rhine.
	www.scotlandroyalty.com /archives/r01.html (1351 words)

	Vladimir Kirillovich, Prince/Grand Duke of Russia (1917- )
		Marie, Princess of Hesse and the Rhine (1824-1880)
		Friedrich Franz II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1823-1883)
		Friedrich Ludwig, Hereditary Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1778-1819)
	gsteinbe.intrasun.tcnj.edu /royalty/ahnenreihe/Vladimir.htm (249 words)

	RoyaList Online - Royal Genealogy - Louis II, Grand Duke of Hesse-Darmstadt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Wilhelmina of Baden (sister of Grand Duke Charles Louis)
		Charles of Hesse-Darmstadt (son of Grand Duke Louis II)
		Alexander of Hesse-Darmstadt (son of Grand Duke Louis II)
	www.royalist.info /execute/biog?person=2464 (83 words)

	The Avalon Project : Convention with Hesse-Cassel; March 26, 1844
		The Avalon Project : Convention with Hesse-Cassel; March 26, 1844
		Convention for the Mutual Abolition of the Droit d'Aubaine and Taxes on Emigration Between the United States of America and the Grand Duchy of Hesse; March 26, 1844
		ARTICLE I. Every kind of droit d'aubaine, droit de retraite, and droit de detraction, or tax on emigration, is, hereby, and shall remain, abolished, between the two contracting parties, their states, citizens, and subjects, respectively.
	www.yale.edu /lawweb/avalon/diplomacy/germany/hess1844.htm (208 words)

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