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Topic: Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine

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Ernst Ludwig, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine

Ludwig IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine

Alexandra of Hesse

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	Hesse-Darmstadt
		At the Congress of Vienna, the Grand Duke was forced to cede Westphalia to Prussia, in exchange for which he received a piece of territory on the Left Bank of the Rhine, including the important federal fortress at Mainz.
		In 1867, the northern half of the Grand Duchy became a part of the North German Confederation, while the half of the Grand Duchy south of the Main remained outside.
		The last Grand Duke, Ernst Ludwig (a grandson of Queen Victoria and brother to Empress Alexandra of Russia), was forced from his throne at the end of World War I, and the state was renamed the Free State of Hesse.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/he/Hesse_and_the_Rhine.html (371 words)

	Grand Ducal Standards until c.1903 (Hesse, Germany)
		Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine, Grossherzog von Hessen und bei Rhein
		745 (inv 1865) Louis III, Grand-Duke of Hesse and the Rhine.
		797 (inv 1892) Ernst Ludwig Karl Albrecht Wilhelm, Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine [Hesse-Darmstadt] (1868-1937).
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/de-he^d1.html (614 words)

	Alexandra Fyodorovna of Hesse:
		HGDH Princess Alix of Hesse and by Rhine (1874-1894)
		Her father was Grand Duke Louis IV, and her mother was the former Princess Alice, the second daughter of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert.
		Grand Duke George had died of tuberculosis in the late 1890s and was buried in the Peter and Paul Fortress in St.Petersburg.
	advantacell.com /wiki/Alexandra_Fyodorovna_of_Hesse (2960 words)

	Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ludwig IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine.
		Louis was born at Darmstadt, Germany as the son of Prince Charles of Hesse-Darmstadt (23 April 1809-20 March 1877) and Princess Elizabeth of Prussia (18 June 1815-21 March 1855), granddaughter of King Frederick William II of Prussia.
		Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine (13 March 1892-9 November 1918); married (1) HRH Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha; divorced
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ludwig_IV,_Grand_Duke_of_Hesse_and_by_Rhine (571 words)

	Ancestors and Family of Marie Alexandrovna Romanov (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Grand Duchess Marie Alexandrovna of Russia, later Duchess of Edinburgh and Duchess of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (17 October 1853 - 24 October 1920) was the daughter of the Russian tsar who became the wife of Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, the second son of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha.
		Her Imperial Highness The Grand Duchess Marie Alexandrovna was born at Tsarskoye Selo, Russia, the only daughter of Alexander II, Tsar and Autocrat of All the Russias (who was assassinated in 1881) and his wife, the Empress Marie Alexandrovna, the daughter of Ludwig II, Grand Duke of Hesse and by the Rhine.
		Her brother, the Grand Duke Serge, was assassinated in Moscow in 1905, and another brother, the Grand Duke Paul, was shot in Petrograd in 1919.
	nygaard.howards.net /files/4207.htm (804 words)

	Princess Alice of the United Kingdom:
		HRH The Grand Duchess of Hesse and by Rhine
		On 1 July 1862, Princess Alice married Prince Louis of Hesse and by Rhine (12 September 1837-13 March 1892), the son of Prince Charles of Hesse and by Rhine and the nephew of Louis III, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine (9 June 1806-13 June 1877), at Osborne House on the Isle of Wight.
		Became Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine, 13 March 1892; abdicated 9 November 1918; married HRH Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (25 November 1876-2 March 1936), divorced; married HH Princess Eleonore of Solms-Hohensolms-Lich (17 September 1871-16 November 1937), and had issue.
	advantacell.com /wiki/Princess_Alice_of_the_United_Kingdom (741 words)

	Alexander Palace Time Machine - Ernst Ludwig, Grand Duke of Hesse
		Ernst Ludwig, destined to be the last Grand Duke of Hesse und bei Rhein, was born in November of 1868.
		He was one of seven children born to the future Grand Duke Ludwig IV and Princess Alice of Great Britain and Ireland, second daughter of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, the Prince Consort.
		In February 1931, the Grand Duke's eldest son, Prince Georg Donatus, married Princess Cecilie, daughter of Prince and Princess Andrew of Greece, sister of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.
	www.alexanderpalace.org /palace/ErnieHesse.html (3665 words)

	Decorations of the Grand Duchy of Hesse
		The Grand Duchy had a 1905 population of 1.21 million, ranking sixth in size in the German Empire after the four kingdoms and the Grand Duchy of Baden.
		The Hesse region had a long military tradition, mainly due to being heavily populated and located in the crossroads of many an army, but disunity kept the Hessians from becoming a major power.
		Troops from Hesse-Darmstadt fought in various campaigns in the Napoleonic Wars and the Grand Duke contributed several regiments to the armies of the German Confederation, the North German Confederation and the Empire.
	home.att.net /~david.danner/militaria/hessen.htm (988 words)

	Duke of Saxe Coburg Gotha Alfred Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Duke of Edinburgh (6 August 1844- 30 July 1900), was the second son and fourth child of Queen Victoria and her husband, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha.
		On 23 January 1874, the Duke of Edinburgh married Her Imperial Highness The Grand Duchess Marie Alexandrovna of Russia, the only daughter of Tsar Alexander II of Russia and his wife, Marie Alexandrovna, daughter of Ludwig II, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine, at the Winter Palace, St. Petersburg.
		He was succeeded as the Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha by his nephew, Prince Charles Edward, Duke of Albany, the posthumous son of his youngest brother, Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany.
	www.biographybase.com /biography/Alfred_Duke_of_Saxe_Coburg_Gotha.html (1160 words)

	Hesse-Darmstadt - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		In 1867, the northern half of the Grand Duchy (Upper Hesse) became a part of the North German Confederation, while the half of the Grand Duchy south of the Main (Starkenburg and Rhenish Hesse) remained outside.
		The last Grand Duke, Ernst Ludwig (a grandson of Queen Victoria and brother to Empress Alexandra of Russia), was forced from his throne at the end of World War I, and the state was renamed the Volksstaat Hessen (People's State of Hesse).
		The part of the state on the left bank of the Rhine (Rhenish Hesse) became part of the Rhineland-Palatinate state.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Hesse-Darmstadt (461 words)

	Hesse and by Rhine (Darmstadt) Royal Family
		See 32.18 - Ludwig was the son of Landgrave Ludwig X of Hesse-Darmstadt (1753-1830) who assumed the title of Grand Duke in 1806 and by the Congress of Vienna was further recognised as the Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine (as Ludwig I).
		Stillborn Son (son of Princess Victoria Melita of Edinburgh (Saxe-Coburg) and Grand Duke Ernest Louis of Hesse and by Rhine)
		The Ducal House of Hesse and by Rhine came to an end on the death of Prince Ludwig.
	www.btinternet.com /~allan_raymond/Hesse_Rhine_Royal_Family.htm (1230 words)

	The Grand Dukes of Russia
		Grand Duke Constantine remarried (morganatically) at Warsaw 24 May 1820, to Joanna, created Princess Lowicka with the qualification of Serene Highness by Emperor Alexander I 1820 (born at Warsaw 29 September 1799; died at Tsarskoe Selo 29 November 1831), daughter of Count Antoni Grudna Grudzinscy, by his first wife Marianna Dorpowska.
		Grand Duke George Mikhailovich was murdered by the Bolsheviks at St. Petersburg 30 January 1919.
		Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich was murdered by the Bolsheviks at Perm sometime between 18 and 28 July 1918.
	www.angelfire.com /pa/ImperialRussian/royalty/russia/dukes.html (1116 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Hesse
		Hesse was separated from Thuringia, and, after a long struggle with other claimants of the title, Henry established his authority as Landgrave of Hesse.
		In 1806 Louis received the title of Grand Duke (Louis I); at the Congress of Vienna he received in compensation for the Duchy of Westphalia, which fell to Prussia, the old ecclesiastical and palatinate lands on the left bank of the Rhine together with the towns Mainz and Worms.
		Hesse therefore took part in the negotiations of several German states, which resulted in the erection of the ecclesiastical province of the Upper Rhine by the papal Bulls "Provida solersque" (1821) and "Ad Dominici gregis custodiam" (1827).
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/07298c.htm (2407 words)

	Grand Ducal Standards c.1903-1918 (Hesse, Germany)
		Ströhl 1897 [stl97] for instance uses the same colour blue for Hesse and Nassau in the arms of the Prussian province Hesse-Nassau — however Nassau blue is traditionally dark.
		The grand duchess flew the same lion as the grand duke within a white border with red squares in the corners.
		The heir apparent's flag was the same as the grand duke's, the lion however without sword.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/de-he^d2.html (558 words)

	HESSE - Online Information article about HESSE
		Nassau, and Meisenheim of the province of the Rhine.
		Saxony, the Thuringian States, Bavaria, Hesse and the Rhine Province.
		Frankfort-on-Main, parts of the grand-duchy of Hesse, the territory of Homburg and the countship of Hesse-Homburg, together with certain small districts which belonged to Bavaria.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /HEG_HIG/HESSE.html (2675 words)

	HISTORY 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		HGDH Prince Alexander of Hesse & By the Rhine, GCB (1823-1888) was the third acknowledged son and fourth child of HRH Grand Duke Louis II, Grand Duke of Hesse & By the Rhine (1777-1848) and his wife Wilhelmine - the former HH Princess Wilhelmine of Baden (1788-1836).
		The Grand Duke of Hesse had bought the area of Heiligenberg in 1820 as a residence for his Chamberlain - Baron August Louis VON Senarclens de Grancy (1794-1871) and after the acquisition, Grand Duchess Wilhelmine moved in with him.
		In 1859 Grand Duke Louis III elevated the Countess of Battenberg with the title Princess of Battenberg with the qualification of Serene Highness, which her children were also able to enjoy.
	uk.geocities.com /mountbatten69/mountbatten/page15.html (435 words)

	The Former Ruling House of Hesse and the Rhine, 1939-1945
		Georg Donatus, Hereditary Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine (1906-1937)
		Johanna, Princess of Hesse and the Rhine (1936-1939).
		Alexander, Prince of Hesse and the Rhine (1823-1888)
	gsteinbe.intrasun.tcnj.edu /royalty/houses/hesse-darmstadt.htm (275 words)

	1892
		January 14 - Death of Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence, second in line heir to the throne of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
		March 13 - Ernest Louis, a grandson of Queen Victoria becomes Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine on the death of his father, Grand Duke Louis IV.
		March 13 - Grand Duke Louis IV of Hesse and the Rhine
	publicliterature.org /en/wikipedia/1/18/1892.html (907 words)

	Worldroots.com
		0 Hesse, Alexander Frederick of, Landgrave of Hesse
		1790 Hesse, Louis I of, Grand Duke of Hesse
		1848 Hesse, Louis III of, Grand Duke of Hesse
	worldroots.com /brigitte/houseofhesse.htm (390 words)

	Alexander II of Russia Encyclopedia Article @ Declaring.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Unlike some of his predecessors, he had no grand, original schemes of his own to impose by force on unwilling subjects, and no pet projects to lead his judgment astray.
		Ludwig II, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine and
		Princess Wilhelmina of Baden, although there was a question of whether the Grand Duke or her mother's lover,
	www.declaring.net /encyclopedia/Alexander_II_of_Russia (2041 words)

	Imperial College of Heraldry of The Holy Roman Empire , Heraldry in The German Empire of The First Reich .
		Johann Rudolph then became president of the Duchy of Mömpelgard under the Duke of Württemberg-Mömpelgard in the year 1703.The present two lines of this House consist of the Danish family 'Sponneck'and the German family 'Sponeck'.
		The County of Kranichfeld never was part of Reuss, however, it was claimed by the Dukes of Reuss and thus placed in their Arms.
		Arms of Hesse:- Azure, a lion pampant queue-forchy barruly argent and gules crowned Or maintaining a sword proper.
	imperialcollegeofheraldry.org /_wsn/page2.html (937 words)

	Thomas's Glassware Tour --- Darmstadt (D)
		After the war the new state of Hesse was founded in 1946 and also included the territories of the former duchy (later Prussian province) of Nassau, the Electorate of Hesse(-Kassel) (Prussian province Hesse), and the former Principality of Waldeck (without Pyrmont).
		Ludwigsmonument was erected in the centre of the square in 1844 in memory of Grand Duke Ludwig I (b.1753, acc.1790, d.1830).
		Ludwig IV was born in 1837 and was Grand Duke from 1877 until 1892.
	www.thomasgraz.net /glass/gl-1538.htm (733 words)

	Daughters of Grand Duke Ludwig IV of Hesse and the Rhine (1837-1892)
		Ludwig IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine (1837-1892)
		Ernst I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1784-1844)
		Ludwig I, Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine (1753-1830)
	gsteinbe.intrasun.tcnj.edu /royalty/ahnenreihe/HesseSisters.htm (160 words)

	Alexandra of Hesse
		Princess Alix of Hesse and by Rhine (
		She was baptized Lutheran and given the names of her mother and all her sisters, in order, the five daughters of Queen Victoria.
		Alix's brother, Prince Ernst Ludwig succeeded as Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine upon the death of his father.
	keira88.tripod.com /id2.html (439 words)

	Anesthesia and Queen Victoria
		Alice (born 1843, married Ludwig IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine);
		Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh and of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (born 1844, married Marie of Russia);
		Leopold, Duke of Albany (born 1853, married Helen of Waldeck-Pyrmont); and
	www.ph.ucla.edu /epi/snow/victoria.html (692 words)

	Ernest Ludwig, Grand Duke of Hesse-Darmstadt and The Rhine (1868-1937), Eldest son of Princess Alice
		Ernest Ludwig, Grand Duke of Hesse-Darmstadt and The Rhine (1868-1937), Eldest son of Princess Alice
		Ernest Ludwig, Grand Duke of Hesse-Darmstadt and The Rhine; Princess Alice Maud Mary
		Ernest Ludwig, Grand Duke of Hesse-Darmstadt and The Rhine
	www.npg.org.uk /live/search/person.asp?LinkID=mp51770 (112 words)

	Alexander Palace Time Machine - Princess Alice of Hesse and by Rhine
		However Alice, the Grand Duchess of Hesse-Darmstadt, was a unique individual in her own right.
		The Queen, along with the rest of her family, were still in mourning when Alice married Louis, the grand duke of Hesse-Darmstadt seven months after her father's death.
		Alice once wrote to her mother about the visits, stating she felt the need of doing the little good she was capable of.
	www.alexanderpalace.org /palace/alicehessebio.html (1121 words)

	Gilbert's Royal Books - A Fatal Passion: The Story of the Uncrowned Last Empress of Russia
		The grand duchess was Victoria Melita, nicknamed Ducky.
		Her sister was the remarkable Queen Marie of Romania, and her intricate family connections with the rulers of the world were almost unprecedented.
		The first cousin not only of King George V but also of Kaiser Wilhelm and Czar Nicholas, she had previously been married to Ernst Ludwig, grand duke of Hesse and the Rhine, but this relationship was destroyed by dark secrets, a betrayal that filled her with bitterness and shame.
	www.angelfire.com /pa/ImperialRussian/grb/rom97.html (491 words)

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