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Topic: Grand Duke of Tuscany

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	TUSCANY - LoveToKnow Article on TUSCANY
		The language of Tuscany is remarkable for its purity of idiom, and its adoption by Dante and Petrarch probably led to its becoming the literary language of Italy.
		Siena was annexed (1559); the title of grand duke of Tuscany was conferred on that ruler in 1567 by Pope Pius V. and recognized in the person of Francis I. by the emperor Maximilian II.
		Giovan Gastone was the last Medicean grand duke; being childless, it was agreed by the treaty of Vienna that at his death Tuscany should be given to Francis, duke of Lorraine, husband of the archduchess Maria Theresa, afterwards empress.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /T/TU/TUSCANY.htm (2522 words)

	Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Leopold II was the son of the grand-duke Ferdinand III of Tuscany, whom he succeeded in 1824.
		The revolution in Milan and Vienna aroused a fever of patriotic enthusiasm in Tuscany, where war against Austria was demanded; Leopold, giving way to popular pressure, sent a force of regulars and volunteers to co-operate with Piedmont in the Lombard campaign.
		Leopold of Tuscany was a well-meaning, not unkindly man, and fonder of his subjects than were the other Italian despots, but he was weak, and too closely bound by family ties and Habsburg traditions ever to become a real Liberal.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Leopold_II_of_Tuscany (1146 words)

	grand duke: Definition and Much More From Answers.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Grand Duke is the usual and established translation of Grand Prince in languages which do not have separate words meaning prince for (1) children of a monarch, and (2) monarch (sovereign or like) princes.
		From 1328 the Velikii Kniaz of Muscovy appeared as the Grand Duke for "all of Russia" until Ivan IV of Russia in 1547 was crowned as Tsar.
		Ludwig I, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine
	www.answerbar.com /topic/grand-duke (1327 words)

	The surviving prerogatives and titles of the Grand Ducal House of Tuscany (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Grand Duke had claimed the right to name his daughter as heiress on the grounds that as ruler of Florence, which he had insisted was not an Imperial fief, he could dispose of the non-feudal territories as he wished, with the necessary consent of the Florentine Senate.
		The Grand Dukes, of course, were sensible to the traditions of the House of Habsburg and, as eventual heirs to Austria in the event of the extinction of the male line of Franz I, conformed to the laws of the House in respect of marriage.
		Grand Duke Giuseppe (Joseph Ferdinand) died in 1942 and was succeeded as Grand Duke by his next brother, [46] Archduke Pietro (Peter Ferdinand), who had married equally in 1900 to his cousin, Princess Maria Cristina of the Two Sicilies, a daughter of the Count of Caserta, by whom he had two sons.
	www.chivalricorders.org /royalty/habsburg/tuscany/survprerogtusc.htm (11054 words)

	Encyclopedia: Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany
		Tuscany (Italian Toscana) is a region in central Italy, bordering on Latium to the south, Umbria to the east, Emilia-Romagna and Liguria to the north, and the Tyrrhenian Sea to the west.
		Florence (Italian, Firenze) is a city in the center of Tuscany, in central Italy, on the Arno River, with a population of around 400,000, plus a suburban population in excess of 200,000.
		Ferdinand succeeded his father as Grand Duke of Tuscany in 1790, and ruled in Tuscany until 1801, when he was forced by Bonaparte to give up Tuscany to the Bourbons of Parma, who turned it into the Kingdom of Etruria.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Ferdinand-III,-Grand-Duke-of-Tuscany (1612 words)

	Fattorie Granducato di Toscana - The Grand Duchy of Tuscany
		The duke, who was known for his violence, luxury and dissolution, established in his court a typical renaissance cuisine that went down to history for its luxury, its abundance, its waste and its baroque choreography.
		For example, during the Duke's lunches were served a great number of appetizers; salads of lettuce, or mixed with carrots, chicory and capers, sausages, mortadella, fried meatballs or in sauce, ham and salami.
		Later that title passed on to his two sons: in 1574 to Francesco I and in 1578 to Ferdinando I. During the reign of these Grand Dukes the court's table was again characterised by the luxury and intemperance that it had at the beginning of the century.
	www.fattoriegranducato.com /inglese/storia_granducato_toscana.htm (1292 words)

	Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany ( 14 August 1642 â“ 31 October 1723) was Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1670 to 1723.
		He was the son of Grand Duke Ferdinando II and Vittoria della Rovere.
		Gian Gastone ( 1671 - 1737), who succeeded his father as the last Medici Grand Duke of Tuscany in 1723.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cosimo_III_de'_Medici,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany (139 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Tuscany
		Tuscany, or Tuscia as it was called in the Middle Ages, became a part of the Frankish Empire during the reign of Charlemagne and was formed a margravate, the margrave of which was also made the ruler several times of the Duchy of Spoleto and Camerino.
		During the War of the Spanish Succession the grand duke desired to remain neutral, although he had accepted Siena in fief once more from Philip V. In this era the land was ravaged by pestilence, and the war-taxes and forced contributions levied on it by the imperial generals completely destroyed its prosperity.
		In 1807 Tuscany was united directly with the French Empire, and Napoleon made his sister Eliza Bacciocchi its administrator with the title of grand duchess.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/15103b.htm (2049 words)

	The Medici, Michelangelo, and the Art of Late Renaissance Florence
		The reigns of the first four Medici grand dukes coincided with the Counter Reformation, the movement that arose within the Catholic Church to clarify its doctrines, especially in relation to Protestant tenets, and to address the abuses of power by its clergy.
		The Grand Duke demonstrated his piety and responded to the impact of the Counter Reformation through commissions executed in the sumptuous style favored by his court.
		Beginning with Cosimo I, the Medici grand dukes were arguably the first political leaders in Europe to establish modern systems of urban planning and to use cultural commissions to celebrate their accomplishments and secure their dynasty’s future.
	www.artic.edu /aic/exhibitions/medici/themes.html (2703 words)

	Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany - Enpsychlopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany ( 30 July 1549 – 17 February 1609) was Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1587 to 1609, having succeeded his older brother Francesco I.
		Ferdinando was the fourth son of Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany and Eleonora of Toledo (1519-62), the daughter of Don Pedro Alvarez de Toledo, the Spanish viceroy of Naples.
		He was ordained a Cardinal in 1562 at the age of 14 and succeeded his brother Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany in 1587 at the age of 38.
	www.grohol.com /psypsych/Ferdinando_I_de'_Medici (604 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Tuscany, 1532-1574
		On October 28th 1533, CATERINA DE MEDICI, Duchess of Urbino was married to Duke Henri of Orleans, heir apparent of the French throne and future King Henri II.
		Duke Alessandro's policy was to abolish institutions and symbols reminiscent of the republic; he was perceived by many Florentines as a tyrant.
		Duke Cosimo I. (1537-1574) stabilized Medici rule over Florence; his elevation to Grand Duke of Tuscany (1569) served to erase another reminiscence of Florence's republican past.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/italy/tuscany15321574.html (545 words)

	florencesite (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Grand Duke Francesco (1541-1587) who was a Medici, turned the Uffizi, a building his father had planned to accommodate government offices, into a gallery to house the Medici art collections.
		In 1459, the Duke of Milan, who was age 15 and the son of Francesco Sforza visited Florence and stayed at the Medici Palace.
		She bequeathed all of it to the new Grand Duke, on condition that nothing was to be removed from Florence.
	www.cat.cc.md.us /~fkuss/florencesite.html (4282 words)

	TABLE OF CONTENTS
		In the Duke's favour was the enthusiasm of Piedmont; for, when the French garrisons refused to evacuate without their arrears of pay and gratuitous transport, the impoverished people made generous subscriptions.
		The Duke's elation was increased by a campaign against Geneva, in which his own generalship forced her Bernese allies to abandon her, while she was bridled by the fortress of Sainte-Catherine, built just outside her borders.
		The Duke's methods were to convince Spain of the necessity of keeping the French to the west of the Alps, to bribe the French Court, and especially the King's mistress, Gabrielle d'Estrées, and to enjoy the benefit of time.
	www.uni-mannheim.de /mateo/camenaref/cmh/cmh312.html (18964 words)

	Ferdinand I de' Medici
		Medici, Ferdinand I de', 1549 – 1609, grand duke of Tuscany (1587–1609); brother and successor of Francesco de' Medici.
		Cosimo II de' Medici - Medici, Cosimo II de', 1590–1621, grand duke of Tuscany (1609–21); son and successor of...
		Francesco de' Medici - Medici, Francesco de', 1541–87, grand duke of Tuscany (1574–87); son and successor of...
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/people/A0832468.html (146 words)

	Tuscany (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Tuscany 1848-49 Under the rule of the Grand Duke Leopold II Tuscany enjoyed a relatively more liberal regime than other Italian states.
		While the grand duke temporized and tried to follow a policy of non-commitment, his moderate ministry negotiated with Rome and Turin in support of a federation of all Italian states.
		Faced with growing restiveness, the grand duke left Florence for Siena at the end of January 1849 and announced that he could not accept a constituent assembly.
	www.ohiou.edu /~chastain/rz/TUSCANY.HTM (594 words)

	The Grand-Duchy of Tuscany
		The descendant of Bernadetto was Don Giuseppe (1635-1717), prince of Ottaiano and duke of Sarno in 1693, grandee of Spain of the 1st class.
		As for Tuscany, it was now allocated Tuscany as compensation to François de Lorraine, husband of Maria-Teresa, who gave up his duchy to the dispossessed king of Poland Stanislas Leszcynski and loser of the War (father-in-law of the king of France).
		By the Treaty of Aranjuez of 21 Feb 1801 between the same parties, the reigning duke of Parma Ferdinando (died 9 Oct 1802) renounced Parma for himself and his heirs in favor of the French Republic (art.
	www.heraldica.org /topics/royalty/tuscany.htm (3895 words)

	Heraldry in Tuscany
		After Mathilde left her estates to the Pope in 1115, the line of local imperial representatives was broken, and the cities of Tuscany increasingly asserted their independence, although they were racked by internal strife between partisans of the Emperor (the Ghibellines) and those of the Papacy (the Guelfs).
		He was styled: Francois III by the grace of God duke of Lorraine, Bar and grand duke of Tuscany, king of Jerusalem.
		In 1791 he ceded Tuscany to his younger son Ferdinand III (1769-1824), who ruled until a Napoleonic interruption: the treaty of Lunéville(Feb 9, 1801) transferred Tuscany to the Bourbon-Parma family.
	www.heraldica.org /topics/national/tuscany.htm (2243 words)

	Grand Duke (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The title Grand Prince (which in many of those lands already was in later medieval centuries awarded simultaneously to several rulers in the more expanded dynasty) continued, in modern times, as a courtesy title for all or several members of the dynasty, such as the Grand Duke of Russia (veliki knjaz) in Russia's imperial era.
		When Randy "Duke" Cunningham sold his Del Mar Heights home to a defense contractor in late 2003, a subsequent county appraisal of the property to set its assessed value for property tax purposes showed the price was $300,000 higher than the home's market value, an official with the San Diego County assessor's office said Friday.
		WASHINGTON (MarketWatch) -- Duke Energy Corp. (DUK) settled with the Securities and Exchange Commission, which found that company traders were able to misclassify about $56.2 million of trades because of a lack of sufficient internal accounting controls from 1997 through 2002.
	www.infoslurp.com /information/Grand_Duke (1512 words)

	Giuseppe Montanelli (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Appointed governor of Leghorn, then in open rebellion against the moderate constitutional government of the grand duke, he was greeted enthusiastically by its people.
		Unable to stem it, the moderate government resigned and Grand Duke Leopold II appointed Montanelli prime minister on October 27, 1848.
		Repercussions from the Roman revolution fanned Tuscan unrest, and the grand duke left Tuscany at the end of February 1849 to join the pope in exile.
	www.ohiou.edu /~Chastain/ip/MONTANEL.HTM (411 words)

	Hello #575 - Remembering Tuscany
		One of the region's most fervent admirers is His Imperial Royal Highness Sigismund of Austria, Grand Duke of Tuscany, who is shortly to marry a scion of one of Scotland's oldest families, Elyssa Edmonstone.
		On September 11 the young Grand Duke is to marry Elyssa -- a direct descendant of Edward VII's mistress Alice Keppel -- in the magnificent surroundings of London's Brompton Oratory.
		Although the cosmopolitan couple will be setting up their home in Lausane, Switzerland, Elyssa shares her bridegroom's passion for Tuscany and has her future responsibilities as Grand Duchess of the region very much in mind, so it was appropriate that we photographed them in both Scotland and Tuscany.
	www.circlesinternet.com /library/gaetana/575.html (1209 words)

	Giovanni Battista Foggini: Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1642-1723) and Grand Prince Ferdinando de' ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Giovanni Battista Foggini: Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1642-1723) and Grand Prince Ferdinando de' Medici (1663-1713): description
		Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1642–1723), 17th century (ca.
		These bust of the elder son of Grand Duke Cosimo de' Medici and that of his father belong to a series of compelling images representing members of the Medici family.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/ho/09/eustc/hod_1993.332.1,2.htm (233 words)

	Dinastia Gran Ducale di Toscana, Casa di Absburgo-Lorena (Habsburg-Lothringen) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The marriage of His Imperial and Royal Highness to Miss Elyssa Edmonstone was announced on 20th August 1998 and took place on 11th September 1999 in London
		On May 9th, 2001, at 7.16 a.m., the Archduke Leopoldo-Amedeo Peter Ferdinand Archibald Henri Joseph, Grand Prince of Tuscany, was born to the Grand Ducal couple, in Glasgow, Scotland.
		1942, rinunciò ai suoi diritti di Capo della Dinastia Grand Ducale di Toscana e Gran Maestro degli Ordini Dinastici della stessa il 18 giu.
	www.chivalricorders.org /royalty/habsburg/tuscany/stefgen.htm (253 words)

	Austrian (Tuscany Line) Royal Family
		See 37.2 - Ferdinand became Grand Duke of Tuscany in 1790 when it was ceded to him by his father Leopold (on becoming Holy Roman Emperor)
		See 26.2 - Ferdinand became Grand Duke of Tuscany in 1790 when it was ceded to him by his father Leopold (on becoming Holy Roman Emperor).
		Laetitia was adopted by her step father Eric Engelbert (11th Duke of Arenberg) the third husband of Marie-Thérese de la Poëze.
	www.btinternet.com /~allan_raymond/Austrian_Tuscany_Royal_Family.htm (1041 words)

	Medici - Pictures (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		+- Cosimo I de' Medici (1519–1574), Grand duke of Tuscany
		+- Ferdinando I de' Medici (1549–1609), Grand duke of Tuscany
		+- Cosimo III de' Medici (1642–1723), Grand duke of Tuscany
	www.greatestinfo.org /Medici (625 words)

	Genealogy of the Royal Family of the Two Sicilies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Grand Duke of Tuscany, July 22nd, 1790 (driven out by the French in 1799 and dispossessed by the Treaty of Lunéville in 1801; restored to the throne: May 30th, 1814)
		Created Duke and Elector of Salzburg, December 26th, 1802 (exchanged Salzburg for Würzburg: December 25th, 1805); Elector of Würzburg, December 25th, 1805; Grand Duke of Würzburg, 1806 (renounced when he was restored to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany: May 30th, 1814)
		Grand Duke of Tuscany, June 18th, 1824 (abdicated in favor of his son: July 21st, 1859)
	www.geocities.com /henrivanoene/gensicily.html (3290 words)

	Articles - Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
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	www.x-moto.net /articles/Cosimo_III_de'_Medici,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany (190 words)

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