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Topic: Grand Fir

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	Fir - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Firs (Abies) are a genus of between 45-55 species of evergreen conifers in the family Pinaceae.
		Firs can be distinguished from other members of the pine family by the fact that their needle-like leaves are attached to the twig by a base that resembles a small suction cup, and by erect, cylindrical cones 5-25 cm long that disintegrate at maturity to release the winged seeds.
		Nordmann Fir, Noble Fir, Fraser Fir and Balsam Fir are very popular Christmas trees, generally considered to be the best trees for this purpose, with their aromatic foliage that does not shed many needles on drying out.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fir (417 words)

	AllRefer - Species: White Fir \| Abies concolor
		White fir is a general, all-purpose, construction-grade wood used extensively for solid construction framing and plywood, and to a lesser extent, for pulpwood [148,277].
		White fir habitat is not used heavily by Columbian fl-tailed deer who seem to prefer the mixed conifer, montane hardwood and annual grassland habitats on the west slope of California's coast range, suggesting that the exclusion of fire and subsequent changes in these forests may have adversely affected habitat for these deer [192].
		With fire suppression, white fir is able to mature in the understory with a concurrent decrease in pine reproduction and eventually begins to replace the pines as they succumb to root diseases and bark beetles, resulting in a gradual change in structure and composition in white fir habitat types [27,40,113,115,184,186,257].
	reference.allrefer.com /wildlife-plants-animals/plants/tree/abicon/all.html (11908 words)

	Species: Abies grandis
		Grand fir is planted for lumber and as an ornamental in Hawaii [168] and Europe [141].
		Grand fir does not require disturbance to establish and persist on most sites [15,188]; however, where western hemlock or western redcedar is the climax dominant, fire or other periodic disturbance is needed to maintain grand fir [14].
		Because grand fir seedlings are not as drought tolerant as many conifer associates, grand fir establishment is sometimes slow or delayed by drought, but grand fir is usually established as component of seral vegetation by 20 to 30 years after fire [133,196].
	www.fs.fed.us /database/feis/plants/tree/abigra/all.html (11784 words)

	National Christmas Tree Association: ARIZONA CYPRESS
		The grand fir is one of the tallest firs, reaching heights of 300 feet.
		Grand fir and white fir are softwoods with characteristics so similar that they are used interchangeably.
		Grand fir bark, sometimes mixed with stinging nettles, was boiled and the concoction used for bathing and as a general tonic.
	www.realchristmastrees.org /treetype/grand.html (657 words)

	Grand Fir (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Grand Fir is an evergreen conifer which can grow to 200 feet in height.
		Grand Fir is a valuable commercial timber species even though its wood is much weaker than other species.
		Grand Fir is a very popular Christmas Tree and large areas are often planted with Grand Fir for this purpose.
	www.oakpointnursery.com /grand_fir.htm (239 words)

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		Impact - Fir engraver is considered to be a major pest of true fir in western forests, but beetle-induced mortality can mask mortality due to predisposing factors such as drought and root disease.
		Fir engravers evolved here together with grand fir, and as such will never be completely eradicated.
		However, salvage logging of fir engraver-killed trees should only be undertaken with caution: in Washington fir engravers generally indicate the presence of root diseases, and salvage logging on root disease centers has been shown to worsen their severity (see WSU Cooperative Extension leaflets on root diseases).
	nrs.wsu.edu /forestHealth/pathogen.asp?pathogenID=16 (964 words)

	Grand FIr (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		A Grand Fir, Abies grandis, is planted east of the steps at the northeast entrance of Mulford.
		Grand Firs are tall, erect, single stemmed evergreen conifers.
		The Grand Fir (also called the Lowland White Fir) is found, as is suggested in the second common name, at lower elevation.
	geography.berkeley.edu /ProgramCourses/CoursePagesFA2003/geog148/Term%20Papers/Nick%20Buchanan/CampusTour/grandfir.html (219 words)

	Forest Health - Fir Engraver - WSU - NRS EXT
		Predisposing agents: Fir engravers are a secondary pest, meaning that they cannot successfully attack and kill healthy vigorous trees (in contrast to other bark beetles such as Douglas-fir, mountain pine and western pine beetles).
		Impact: Fir engraver is considered to be a major pest of true fir in western forests, but beetle-induced mortality can mask mortality due to predisposing factors such as drought and root disease.
		The species shift in Eastern Washington in the last century away from ponderosa pine and western larch and towards grand fir and Douglas-fir, coupled with the suppression of fire, has created hundreds of thousands of acres of true firsunder stress from overstocking and served to create a habitat for fir engravers that is very favorable.
	ext.nrs.wsu.edu /forestryext/foresthealth/notes/firengraver.htm (1329 words)

	Grand Fir Christmas Trees
		Grand Fir is a Christmas tree that lives up to its name.
		Grand Fir (Abies grandis) seed sources from northern Idaho, grown at our farm in Oregon, have dramatically improved needle retention and in home performance during the Christmas holiday.
		With their dark green color and shiny appearance, Grand Fir needles have a silvery undersides of stomatal bloom that reflect the Christmas tree lights for a beautiful effect.
	santasons.com /grand_firs.htm (131 words)

	Welcome to the Jeanne Rose Web Site for all your Aromatherapy Needs
		Grand Fir bark was sometimes mixed with Stinging Nettles and boiled and the resulting decoction used for bathing and as a general tonic.
		Grand fir is used at the holiday season to scent the air and keep it fresh and airy or to aerate the sickroom.
		Use a mixture of 10% Grand fir to 90% water or a conifer hydrosol to spray the room and scent the air or use 50•50 Grand Fir to Rosemary or mint hydrosol water solution for refreshing the sick room.
	www.jeannerose.net /articles/grand_fir.html (667 words)

	Tree Book - Grand fir
		Grand fir prefers drier climates than the other true firs in British Columbia.
		Grand fir, like other true firs, has a thin bark which makes it susceptible to fire.
		Fir is derived from the Old English furh or fyrh or the Danish fyrr, meaning "fire", from its use as firewood.
	www.for.gov.bc.ca /hfd/library/documents/treebook/grandfir.htm (381 words)

	Monte Cristo Research Natural Area (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The topography is generally steep and dissected, with elevations ranging from 610 m along the Little White Salmon River, which lies on the area's western boundary, to 1271 m at the top of Monte Cristo peak in the area's northeastern section.
		Distinguishing features of this natural area are the grand fir zone coniferous forests and the dry, ridge top meadows.
		Grand fir and Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) dominate forested areas throughout the RNA, although higher slopes and ridge tops also support occasional noble fir (Abies procera), western white pine (Pinus monticola), or Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis).
	www.fsl.orst.edu /rna/sites/montecristo.htm (227 words)

	grand fir AND NOT tree book - documents 1 to 10
		Abstract: Grand Fir (Bg) On many coastal sites and on low elevation moist sites in the lower Kootenay Lake and Arrow forest districts, the species is an attractive alternative to the more browse-prone Cw.
		Geographic variation of grand fir (Abies grandis (Dougl.) Lindl.) in the Pacific Coast region - 10 year results from a provenance trail.
		Diameter growth equations for douglas-fir and grand fir in the western Willamette Valley of Oregon.
	www.for.gov.bc.ca /pScripts/Search/query.idq?CiMaxRecordsPerPage=10&TemplateName=query&CiSort=rank%5Bd%5D&HTMLQueryForm=%2Fpab%2Fpublctns%2Ftreebook%2Fgrandfir.htm&CiRestriction=grand+fir+AND+NOT+tree+book&CiScope=%2F (518 words)

	Abies grandis
		Distribution: Grand Fir is native to the Northern Rocky Mountain region from southeast British Columbia south to western Montana and central Idaho, northeast from southwest British Columbia and western Washington to northwest California.
		The Tree: Grand Fir trees reach heights of 140 feet, with diameters of 4 feet.
		Working Properties: Grand Fir is easy to work, is moderately low in nail withdrawal resistance, is good in paint holding properties and is easily glued.
	www2.fpl.fs.fed.us /TechSheets/SoftwoodNA/htmlDocs/ABIESGrandis.html (377 words)

	Abies grandis
		Grand fir grows in drier (generally rainshadow) climates: areas with less than 150 cm of precipitation annually.(1) Elevation ranges from Sea level to 5,000 ft.(2)
		Grand fir is a dominant climax species in some habitat types and a long-lived seral species in other types.
		Under partial overwood shade, grand fir is aggressive enough to form a dominant part of the reproduction.
	depts.washington.edu /propplnt/Plants/Abiesgrandis.htm (413 words)

	Grand Fir / Abies grandis / Silver Fir / Great Fir / Lowland Fir / Lowland White Fir / Western Fir / White Fir / Yellow ...
		A decoction made from Grand Fir is used as a laxative and tonic, and to treat stomach problems.
		Grand Fir root bark or stem is most often used in treating stomach problems and tuberculosis.
		From the bark, the gum of Grand Fir is used externally as an ointment, and as a wash for sore and infected eyes and as a gargle for sore throats.
	www.insensual.com /grandfir.html (864 words)

	Developing High Quality True Fir Christmas Trees, PNW 226 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Grand fir grows naturally in western and eastern Washington, northern Idaho, and at many elevations in western and northeastern Oregon.
		Grand fir is usually endowed with a plentiful supply of buds on the leader.
		With grand fir, it usually isn't necessary to pick a bud cluster to form a top whorl; ample buds are usually present.
	eesc.orst.edu /agcomwebfile/edmat/html/pnw/pnw226/pnw226.html (8982 words)

	Gumjuwac-Tolo Research Natural Area (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The plant associations at the highest elevations include subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) and mountain hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana), while grand fir (Abies grandis) dominates the central and lower portions of the tract.
		Additionally, Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis) associations are found in the western portions, and Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) associations are found on dry, rocky areas in the eastern section.
		However, higher than normal fuel accumulations may exist in the eastern third of the RNA, where dry grand fir and Douglas fir communities can be found.
	www.fsl.orst.edu /rna/sites/gumjuwactolo.htm (225 words)

	Steve's Christmas Trees (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The Douglas Fir, which is actually not related to true fir trees, has been a popular Christmas tree in the Pacific Northwest since the 1920's.
		The Grand Fir is known for its strong fragrance.
		It is very similar to the balsam fir, with needles 1/2" long and dark green on the upper surface.
	www.steveschristmastrees.com /products.html (1033 words)

	Grand Fir (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		A fast growing evergreen and true fir reaching to between 30-60 metres.
		It has smooth brown bark and mature trees in plantations are very straight and sturdy in appearance.
		The first seeds were brought to the UK from America in 1831 by David Douglas.
	www.countrysideinfo.co.uk /tree_gallery/grand_fir/grand_fir.html (85 words)

	Corand and Fraser Fir (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		This is the Arboretum's name for the tree which looks like a Grand Fir in form but has a silver thread on the top of the leaf.
		It gives the tree a slight bluish "bloom." They are thought to be a cross pollination of the Subalpine Fir and Grand Fir which are found in Idaho.
		This Fraser Fir, believed to be a "witch's broom," was found accidentally in a grove of Frasers being cultured for sale as Christmas trees.
	www.arboretumonbluehill.net /donniefraser.html (115 words)

	Grand Fir (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		It is easily distinguished from other Pacific Northwest firs by its sprays of lustrous needles.
		Grand firs grow from British Columbia inland to Montana and into north California.
		Grand Firs are a minor Christmas tree in Washington and Oregon, but a major one in Idaho and Montana.
	www.hunter-farms.com /grand.html (158 words)

	Lumber recovery and deterioration of beetle-killed Douglas-fir and grand fir in the Blue Mountains of eastern Oregon. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Lumber recovery and deterioration of beetle-killed Douglas-fir and grand fir in the Blue Mountains of eastern Oregon.
		Log breakage during logging in the live samples was less than 0.5 percent of the gross volume, and the amount of wood too defective to remove from the woods was about 2.5 percent in the dead Douglas-fir and 3.8 percent in the dead grand fir.
		Contrary to popular belief, the grand fir did not deteriorate as fast as the Douglas-fir or lose as much value as expected.
	www.treesearch.fs.fed.us /pubs/viewpub.jsp?index=3058 (491 words)

	Grand Fir (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The majestic grand fir is the largest of the firs.
		Grand fir is occasionally found in pure stands, but is often mixed with such species as western redcedar, fl cottonwood, western hemlock, Douglas-fir, red alder and Sitka spruce.
		The grand fir is also used for reforestation purposes.
	www.domtar.com /arbre/english/p_sagra.htm (141 words)

	Clover Hollow - White Pine
		The Grand Fir is another first for us in 2004.
		The Grand Fir is not commonly grown in the East and it was an experiment for us when we planted them.
		As this is our first year offering the Grand Fir we do not have it in larger sizes - we're told they make great table-top trees for apartment dwellers.
	www.swva.net /tbd/grandfir.html (269 words)

	Grand Fir
		Habitat:Grand fir prefers drier climates and commonly grows in mixed coniferous forests with Douglas-fir, Western Hemlock, and Western White Pine on the coast, although, Western Red Cedar and flowering Dogwood may also be present in other areas.
		Older grand fir support pervasive rotting fungi but frequently reach 250 years of age and occasionally exceed 300 years It is found in a variety of soils, but the best specimens are growing in deep rich soils characteristic of Western North America - British Columbia to California, east to Montana and Idaho.
		Heights of mature trees range from 140 to 200 feet along the coast and from 131 to 164 feet inland.
	www.pierce.ctc.edu /rmay/BIOL203/ron/GrandFir.html (393 words)

	Nearctica - Native Conifers of North America - Abies grandis
		Identifying Characters: The green cones, hidden cone brachts, the two ranks of needles projecting perpendicularly from the branch, and the flat, flexible needles are characteristic of Grand Fir.
		Native Range: Grand Fir grows in the stream bottoms, valleys, and mountain slopes of northwestern United States and southern British Columbia.
		The best commercial stands of grand fir are in the Nez Perce and Clearwater regions of northern Idaho.
	www.nearctica.com /trees/conifer/abies/Agrand.htm (228 words)

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