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Topic: Grand jury

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	Grand jury - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Grand juries carry out this role by examining evidence presented to them by a prosecutor and issuing indictments, or by investigating alleged crimes and issuing presentments.
		A grand jury is traditionally larger and distinguishable from a petit jury, which is used during a trial.
		Unlike the trial itself, the grand jury's proceedings are secret; the defendant and his or her counsel are generally not present for other witnesses' testimony.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Grand_jury (1037 words)

	Grand jury - One Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A grand jury is a type of common law jury; responsible for investigating alleged crimes, examining evidence, and issuing indictments.
		The grand jury's decision is either "true bill" or "no true bill." Where they exist, grand juries are part of the system of checks and balances that prevents prosecutors from harassing citizens with groundless prosecution.
		Grand juries are required by the US federal government for "capital or infamous cases", according to the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
	www.onelang.com /encyclopedia/index.php/Grand_jury (399 words)

	US District Court - Grand Jury
		The grand jury must determine from this evidence, and usually without hearing evidence for the defense, whether a person should be tried for a serious federal crime, referred to in the Bill of Rights as an "infamous crime." An infamous crime is one which may be punished by imprisonment for more than one year.
		Essentially, the grand jury may disclose matters occurring before it only to the attorneys for the government for use in the performance of their duties, but even attorneys for the government may not be informed of what took place during the grand jury's deliberations and voting.
		Grand Juror's Immunity Immunity is granted to all grand jurors for their authorized actions while serving on a federal grand jury and means that no grand juror may be penalized for actions taken within the scope of his or her service as a grand juror.
	www.vawd.uscourts.gov /jury/grandbook.asp (4187 words)

	Federal Grand Juries
		Special grand juries sit for 18 months, but their term can be extended for up to another 18 months; a court can extend a special grand jury's term for 6 months, and can enter up to three such extensions, totaling 18 months.
		Recording was made mandatory as a check on prosecutorial abuse of the grand jury process; the drafters of the revised rule believed prosecutors would be less likely to engage in misconduct before a grand jury if they knew a record was being kept of their activities.
		In fact, it is an abuse of the grand jury process to use a federal grand jury to gather evidence for use in a civil proceeding.
	campus.udayton.edu /~grandjur/fedj/fedj.htm (1626 words)

	Sacramento Grand Jury - Background
		The grand jury is the means by which people who volunteer from every walk of life work within the judicial system to ensure that the institutions of government are responsive and fair to those who are governed.
		The grand jury may investigate or inquire into county matters of civil concern, such as the needs of county officers, including the abolition or creation of offices and the equipment for, or the method or system of performing the duties of the several offices.
		Most grand juries divide into committees for conducting investigations and for writing reports, but there seems to be a wide variation between counties as to the number and structure of committees; it is up to each grand jury to determine its own method of operation within the parameters of the law.
	www.sacgrandjury.org /documents/background.asp (3932 words)

	USAM 9-11.000 GRAND JURY
		In dealing with the grand jury, the prosecutor must always conduct himself or herself as an officer of the court whose function is to ensure that justice is done and that guilt shall not escape nor innocence suffer.
		Unless such collateral interests are present, the grand jury should not be employed in locating fugitives in bail-jumping and escape cases since, as a rule, those offenses relate to the circumstances of defendant's disappearance rather than his or her current whereabouts.
		If the grand jury's term is about to expire, the Department recommends that a subpoena ordinarily should not be issued to a witness who has advised the prosecutor that he or she will refuse to testify before such grand jury.
	www.usdoj.gov /usao/eousa/foia_reading_room/usam/title9/11mcrm.htm (6207 words)

	Grand Jury
		The Fresno County Grand Jury serves as the ombudsman for citizens of Fresno County.
		The primary function of the Grand Jury, and the most important reason for its existence, is the examination of all aspects of county government and special districts, assuring honest, efficient government in the best interests of the people.
		In June of each year the Grand Jury is impaneled by a random drawing of all prospective grand jurors to complete the nineteen (19) member grand jury.
	www.fresnosuperiorcourt.org /jury/grand_jury (234 words)

	FBIwitchhunt.com
		Legally, a Grand Jury is a type of common law jury responsible for investigating alleged crimes, examining evidence, and issuing indictments.
		Grand Juries are often used as “fishing expeditions” to gather any and all information on a particular social movement.
		Grand Juries consist of 16 to 23 jurors who are not screened for bias.
	www.fbiwitchhunt.com /gj.html (462 words)

	Court Information: Grand Jury
		The grand jury is the means by which people who volunteer from every walk of life work to ensure that the institutions of government are responsive and fair to those who are governed.
		Because grand jury service requires the devotion and commitment for only a token payment, it is desirable for grand jurors to have an interest in community affairs and be open-minded with a true concern for the views of others.
		The civil, or “watchdog”, responsibilities of the grand jury encompass the examination of all aspects of county government, including special districts, to ensure that the county is being governed honestly and efficiently and that county monies are being handled appropriately.
	www.glenncourt.ca.gov /court_info/grand_jury.html (4580 words)

	Federal Jury Duty - Grand Jury
		A grand jury decides if there is a probable cause to indict (accuse) individuals or corporations on criminal charges based upon the evidence presented.
		Grand jury sessions are held in a private room with only the grand jury, which consists of 23 individuals, government lawyers, court reporters, an interpreter if needed, and the witnesses to be heard, all under oath.
		Model Grand Jury Charge - The charge is given by the judge presiding over the selection of the grand jury and it is the court's instructions to the grand jury as to its duties and obligations, and how to best perform them.
	www.uscourts.gov /jury/grandjury.html (161 words)

	Grand Jury Overview
		The law requires each grand jury to inquire into the condition and management of the public prisons within the county and to investigate and report on the operations, accounts, and records of the officers, department, or functions of the county on a selective basis.
		Grand jury meetings are confidential and cannot be discussed publicly.
		Support is also given to the grand jury throughout the year by the county, the court, county counsel and the district attorney.
	www.napa.courts.ca.gov /GrandJury/GJ_overview.htm (505 words)

	Los Angeles Superior Court - Jury
		By statute the Grand Jury is required to inquire regarding the conditions and management of all public prisons within the County of Los Angeles.
		If a grand juror chooses to use public transportation to sessions of the Grand Jury, he or she will be reimbursed for the cost of that transportation.
		The Civil Grand Jury is divided into committees, each of which concentrates its attention on the investigation of certain departments or functions of city or county government, to meet whatever special needs or problems may be confronting the city or county at the time of each new Civil Grand Jury’s impanelment.
	www.lasuperiorcourt.org /jury/grandjury.htm (3054 words)

	Frequently Asked Questions About the Grand Jury System - ABA Division of Media Relations and Communication Services (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The original purpose of the grand jury was to act as a buffer between the king (and his prosecutors) and the citizens.
		The grand jury is independent in theory, and although the instructions given to the grand jurors inform them they are to use their judgment, the practical realities of the situation mitigate against it.
		A grant of immunity to a grand jury witness overcomes the witness's privilege against self-incrimination, and the witness is then required to testify.
	www.abanet.org /media/faqjury.html (1625 words)

	Grand Jury
		Grand juries were established throughout California during the early years of statehood.
		The Grand Jury may examine all aspects of county and city government and special districts to ensure that the best interests of Amador County citizens are being served.
		Grand Jury reports become public record and are available for viewing on this website reports.
	www.amadorcourt.org /grandjury/grandjury.html (844 words)

	American Grand Jury Foundation
		In California, grand juries have three functions: (a) to indict, or refuse to indict, persons accused of crimes; (b) to issue accusations for malfeasance, misfeasance, or nonfeasance against public officers, and (c) to investigate specified local governments as required or permitted by law.
		Grand jurors are also sworn to secrecy and must not reveal what occurs in their private sessions to persons other than fellow grand jurors seated as a body.
		Grand juries are one of the oldest forms of government, though they were eliminated in England, their home county, during the Great Depression.
	www.grandjuryfoundation.org /faq.html (584 words)

	Kern County Grand Jury: Home
		The Grand Jury's purpose is to serve and assist the people of Kern County.
		The Kern County Grand Jury is a body of 19 citizens, independent of any political or special interest group, that objectively investigates all aspects of county government, special districts and cities to ensure that these bodies are being effectively governed and that public monies are being judiciously handled.
		The Grand Jury is sworn to complete confidentiality as it pertains to complaints, witnesses or content of investigative matters.
	www.co.kern.ca.us /grandjury (210 words)

	Ventura County Grand Jury - Introduction
		The petit jury is the well-known trial jury, usually composed of 12 members that are chosen from county citizens that are summoned to appear for jury services.
		The grand juries tend to be larger and serve a different purpose.
		The Grand Jury function is to act as a civil oversight of county and city government, special districts, governing boards, personnel commissions, school districts, or humane officers.
	grandjury.countyofventura.org /introduction.html (347 words)

	U.S. Grand Jury Reform
		Most grand juries are mere "rubber stamps" for prosecutors, but others become "runaway" grand juries, taking the lead in investigations of official corruption and abuse.
		Representation of Witnesses Before Federal Grand Juries, by Robert J. Boyle — This 2-volume publication of the Grand Jury Project of the National Lawyers Guild is a primary reference on the subject.
		A Grand Façade: How the Grand Jury Was Captured by Government, by W. Thomas Dillard, Stephen R. Johnson, and Timothy Lynch (Cato Policy Study, May 13, 2003).
	www.constitution.org /jury/gj/gj-us.htm (393 words)

	Grand Jury
		The El Dorado Civil Grand Jury is an investigatory body created for the protection of society and the enforcement of the law.
		The Jury has no enforcement authority, it can only make recommendations, through publication of a final report, usually published at the end of June each year (See Penal Code 933 and 933.05).
		Each complaint the Jury accepts for investigation, must be investigated thoroughly, seeking out facts, and analyzing the facts prior to writing a report for publication.
	www.co.el-dorado.ca.us /grandjury/index.html (263 words)

	Grand Jury
		Butte County is required by law to impanel a grand jury to serve for a term of one year.
		The civil, or "watchdog" responsibilities of the grand jury include the examination of all aspects of county government, including cities and special districts, to ensure the county is being governed honestly and efficiently and county monies are being handled appropriately.
		These investigations are conducted by grand jury committees in cooperation with the departments and agencies of the county.
	www.buttecounty.net /Default.aspx?tabid=30 (382 words)

	CIA leak grand jury investigation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Grand Jury sworn in on October 31, 2003.
		Wilson’s wife were not casual disclosures that he had forgotten by the time he was asked about them by the Federal Bureau of Investigation and before the grand jury.
		Transcripts of Libby's grand jury appearances are also released[22].
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/CIA_leak_grand_jury_investigation (2690 words)

	Criminal Appeal: Grand Jury
		In its published opinion in Navarro-Vargas, the court held that an instruction directing the grand jury that it cannot consider the wisdom of the criminal laws and should not consider the possible punishment was constitutional.
		Majority: The majority, in an opinion authored by Judge Beezer, held that an instruction directing the grand jury that it cannot consider the wisdom of the criminal laws and should not consider the possible punishment was not unconstitutional.
		Williams, 504 U.S. 36, 50 (1992), in that it imposes an impermissible rule of procedure for the operation of the grand jury.
	www.crimblawg.com /grand_jury/index.html (409 words)

	The Arizona County Grand Jury
		The support for the Grand Jury of course is due to the concept itself, being a magnificent instrument of justice, whereas the majority of its critics point to its weaknesses.
		Pointing out a distinction could prove disastrous to both the defense (later) and the Grand Jury system… in that it would force the prosecution, otherwise seemingly content not to voice their opinion, to openly state their (probable) belief that there is no difference between ‘crime’ and ‘a broken law’.
		While the Grand Jury was conceived to serve as a ‘screen’ to prevent unwarranted charges from being filed in the first place… 'screen' was a term the prosecution curiously never mentioned (perhaps intentionally).
	www.matrixbookstore.biz /grand_jury.htm (3610 words)

	County Of Marin: Civil Grand Jury - Karin Hern, Foreperson
		Grand Juries were originally used in English courts in the eleventh century.
		In the United States, the Massachusetts Bay Colony impaneled the first Grand Jury in 1635 to consider cases of murder, robbery and wife beating.
		However, the Grand Jury works on a fiscal year basis and the deadline for submitting an application for next year’s Grand Jury is April 15.
	www.co.marin.ca.us /grandjury (616 words)

	Grand Jury: Information, definitions, and explanations of what grand juries are and what they do.
		Grand Jury: Information, definitions, and explanations of what grand juries are and what they do.
		This web site was created by Susan Brenner, co-author of Federal Grand Jury Practice, a book about how federal grand juries operate and the role they play in federal law enforcement.
		Including "The Grand Jury of Tomorrow", a report researched and developed by a special committee under the sponsorship of the Council for Court Excellence.
	www.udayton.edu /~grandjur (720 words)

	Kern County Grand Jury: Recruitment
		Members of past grand juries have often found the experience to be of great personal satisfaction.
		The Grand Jury meets as a group one day each week and, depending upon the various committees a grand juror is appointed to serve, other days will require their participation and attendance.
		The training is under the direction of the Presiding Judge and involves the District Attorney, the County Counsel, the Court Liaison to the Grand Jury, members of the current Grand Jury, and members of the Grand Jury Association.
	www.co.kern.ca.us /grandjury/recruitment.asp (542 words)

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