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	narrative entry
		Lyotard contrasts a ‘narrative’ type of knowledge, typical of ancient societies, where truth is guaranteed by the special status of the storyteller within the community, with a scientific type in which *authors are supposed to provide proof of their claims.
		That narrative was slow to emerge as a theoretical concept, and only enjoys recognition within academic culture, seems to speak in favour of a relativistic approach, but the culture-specific feature could be the awareness of the concept, rather than the properties that define it.
		Narrative may be a combination of story and discourse, but it is its ability to evoke stories in the mind that distinguishes narrative discourse from other *text types.
	lamar.colostate.edu /~pwryan/narrentry.htm (2776 words)

	Game Studies 0101: Ryan: Beyond Myth and Metaphor: The Case of Narrative in Digital Media
		What we have, instead, is something much closer to the narrative equivalent of a jig-saw puzzle: the reader tries to construct a narrative image from fragments that come to her in a more or less random order, by fitting each lexia into a global pattern that slowly takes shape in the mind.
		In a work of this type, narrative interest resides not in an overarching plot, this is to say, not in a "grand narrative" of the macro-level, but in the "little stories" that the user discovers in all the nooks and crannies of the fictional world.
		The narrativity of Tetris would increase if the player stimulated herself by imagining that she is a slave building a wall from bricks thrown at her at an increasing rate by a sadistic master, and that she will survive only as long as she is not buried under the falling blocks.
	www.gamestudies.org /0101/ryan (6913 words)

	grandnarratives reanimated
		Advertising narratives routinely tie the condition of individual well-being to commodity consumption, but they also tie it to the twin gods of social progress and scientific achievement.
		As falsified and ungrounded as this narrative may be, nonetheless this discourse has both a simple coherency and pervasiveness that alternative visions lack.
		A central tenet in the postmodernist paradigm regards the breakdown of grand narratives that characterized modernity.
	www.lclark.edu /~soan370/global/narrative2.html (882 words)

	grand narrative
		This does not mean that other forms of discourse have more or less power, nor does it imply that postmodernist descriptions of multiple discourse narratives and the relativistic consequences are without merit.
		We do argue that the neo-Enlightenment narratives running through this genre of advertising defines and legitimizes the socio-economic trajectory tied to neo-liberal capital.
		To the extent that this multifaceted narrative rafts through advertising aimed at the general population, the power of this discourse to define American society's sense of future socio-economic formations expands.
	www.lclark.edu /~soan370/global/grandnarr.sv.html (764 words)

	Grand Text Auto » Narrative across Media
		While narrative may not mean the same thing in a painting, a conversation, and a novel, there are reasons to consider this sort of structure both generally and in media-specific ways.
		To qualify as narrative, a text must bring to mind (1) a world with characters and objects, (2) nonhabitual changes of state in that world, which cause it to enter history, and (3) an implicit network of psychological motivations, goals, plans, and causes.
		The contest between narrative and realism (which came to require a single particular scene, not several embedded ones from different times) is discussed, with Gozzoli’s painting noted as one in which realist and narrative traditions intersected.
	grandtextauto.gatech.edu /2005/01/13/narrative-across-media (1749 words)

	Demos - Projects - Narrative and scenarios (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		This is a brief introduction to the theory of narrative with a discussion of the impkcations for scenario-building.
		Lyotard identified grand narratives that imposed a positivistic teleology onto life – literally, claims that there was a beginning, middle and end and that society was a narrative of continuing improvement.
		Contemporary narrative theory emphasises the historical contingency of story, the interrelationship of trope, the acceleration of social narrative and the interpolation of the subject into a narrative (literally, being placed into a storyline).
	www.demos.co.uk /projects/scotland2020_page313.aspx (1955 words)

	grand narratives then and now
		He said himself that grand narratives aren't much use when your head is being stuffed in a gas oven or starving to death or if you are a long term prisoner of conscience.
		Jameson has perceptively characterised postmodernism as representing the unforeseen return of narrative as the narrative of the end of narrative, as the unforeseen return of history as prognosis of the end of historical telos.
		Even the initial decision as to whether there is such a grand scheme, as to whether what one faces is chaos or continuity is based on an inaugural narrative act that grounds the perception and interpretation of the events to be narrated.
	www.comms.dcu.ie /sheehanh/cm-narr.htm (4960 words)

	The Drama of Modern Western Identity - FPRI
		The grand narrative of Western civilization provided a cultural and historical basis for a liberal consensus about the merits and potential of the West that was unapologetically rationalist, progressive, and confident of the benefits of science and industry.
		The grand narrative and its late twentieth-century fate symbolized and reflected the anguished history of Western identity itself during that period, as it moved from liberal self-assertion through radical critique to liberal self-doubt.
		The grand narrative of the West grew out of an era that was making the uneasy transition from thinking of itself as "civilization" to one in which the West was merely one of several civilizations.
	www.fpri.org /ww/0102.199712.gress.dramaofmodernwesternidentity.html (1707 words)

	Organization Studies: David M. Boje: Narrative Methods for Organizational and Communication Research. - book review
		A narrative has the qualities of plot and coherence, and 'antenarrative' is the previous state of affairs.
		The deconstruction of narratives usually relates to the urge to unmask ideological assumptions and to support the position of marginalized and disempowered groups.
		Yet, grand narratives still exist and exert force as dominant frames or 'regimes of truth' (Brown) in which local narratives have to find their way.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m4339/is_4_24/ai_102553554 (1490 words)

	Konferenzbericht: Remapping the German Past, Washington D.C., 4.-7.12.97
		The first session of the conference, chaired by Ernst Breisach (Kalamazoo), dealt with the concept of grand narrative, focusing on the possibilities of a synthetic historiography and its cognitive elements.
		He distinguished between four types of narratives: the narrative simpliciter, the master narrative, the grand narrative, and the metanarrative.
		According to Megill, a postmodern approach denies a master narrative, on the one hand, but it cannot be replaced by the reduction of history to memory, on the other, because it makes history the servant of the interests and desires of particular groups.
	hsozkult.geschichte.hu-berlin.de /beitrag/tagber/ghiwash.htm (2256 words)

	Grand_narrative LANGUAGE SCHOOL EXPLORER
		In critical theory, and particularly postmodernism, a metanarrative is a grand overarching account, or all-encompassing story, which is thought to give order to the historical record.
		By this, Lyotard meant that the postmodern condition is characterized by an increasingly widespread skepticism toward metanarratives, such as the unique status of the individual, the boundedness of information, and the march of progress, that are thought to have given order and meaning to Western thought during modernity.
		These grand, all-encompassing stories are typically characterised by some form of 'transcendent and universal truth' in addition to an evolutionary tale of human existence (a story with a beginning, middle and an end).
	www.school-explorer.com /info/Grand_narrative (752 words)

	Book Reviews - Transformative Learning: Educational Vision for the 21st Century.
		While postmodernist critiques are typically deconstructive and express grave concerns about the construction of new grand narratives to replace the old, O'Sullivan posits that without a comprehensive reconstructive cosmology humans are left without a positive transformative vision to guide future action.
		O'Sullivan's grand narrative, then, encompasses a vision that not only includes all humans in all their wonderful diversity and uniqueness but also includes all of the natural world and universe.
		This is a compelling narrative because it is framed by ideas that enable us to honour and encourage both the individual and the collective, the human and not human.
	www.quasar.ualberta.ca /css/css_37_2/BRtransformative_learning.htm (503 words)

	The Paradox of the Alphabetic Literacy Narrative
		The grand narrative of alphabetic literacy is much more an accumulation of ideas about language and culture that began to take shape in the eighteenth century.
		According to the grand narrative no less than the rise of science, the development of democracy, the celebration of the individual, the establishment of Protestantism, the codification of law, and the spread of capitalism were the result of a shift from an oral bias to a written bias for conveying information and ideas.
		The paradox of the narrative of alphabetic literacy lies in its claim of a cognitive divide between oral and visual cultures.
	www.cwrl.utexas.edu /~faigley/work/material_literacy/paradox.html (1545 words)

	Grand Text Auto » Narrative Intelligence at Last (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		NI researchers all share a concern with intelligence (human and computer) and with the use of narrative to organize events, but the field (if “field” is the best word for it) encompasses many different concepts and approaches, as Michael and Pheobe explain in their introduction.
		Many of the articles that took the framework of a project writeup were quite effective; Warren Sack’s discussion of his conversation map was a standout for its thorough description of the technology (including details about the different sorts of linguistic analysis that were done) and the critical motivation for the project.
		NI, to the contrary, considers narrative from an AI perspective, which tends to be process intensive, whether it’s story generation, narrative interpretation by human beings, or story understanding systems.
	steel.lcc.gatech.edu /grandtextauto/archives/000114.html (1243 words)

	Lyotard: The Postmodern Condition
		Grand narratives are typically some philosophical form of the Enlightenment narrative of the emancipation of man, such as Marxism, which provide a total account of political and economic prescriptive contexts.
		Because of the completely different criteria which "count" in legitimizing scientific and narrative knowledge, it is impossible to judge the validity of science in terms of narrative, and vice versa.
		In the absence of grand narratives, the pragmatic criteria of the pursuit of economic wealth and political power structure the choices made in society within language games.
	userwww.service.emory.edu /~mhalber/Research/1styrpapr/pci-lyotard.html (2136 words)

	The Grand Narrative of Special Education
		The essentially pedagogical narrative is primarily interested in the meeting between individual newcomers and their place of living, in other words in upbringing and socialization of children, and in how these youngsters' potential of becoming people best is released.
		There exists an unbalanced tension between the grand narrative and individual biographies, which means that they are mutually constituted by each other, insofar as the grand narrative gives its entities direction even though the elements potentially may take their own paths and thereby are modifyfing the narrative of which they are themselves a part.
		Special education is not constituted on one monolithic theory, and the distinction between a grand narrative and its components may serve so as to highlight the dynamic relationship between the grand story and its elementary parts.
	home.powertech.no /halgeirh/education.html (4936 words)

	Glossary of Terms: Gr
		Grand narrative or “master narrative” is a term introduced by Jean-François Lyotard in his classic 1979 work The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge, in which Lyotard summed up a range of views which were being developed at the time, as a critique of the institutional and ideological forms of knowledge.
		More particularly, when pronounced as it usually is, with a sneer, the “grand narrative”, the “narrative of emancipation” is all those conceptions which try to make sense of history, rather than just isolated events in history, concepts like “class struggle”, socialism and capitalism, productive forces and so on.
		The contradiction in all this is that this narrative about narratives is itself a grand narrative of the first order, as outlined above with the narrative of narratives from tribal to feudal to modern times and up to the present.
	www.marxists.org /glossary/terms/g/r.htm (4635 words)

	From Plato to NATO
		The Grand Narrative imagined modern democracy as an invention of the Enlightenment and of the American and French Revolutions, an invention that owed less to Western history than to its own ambitions to shape the future.
		It explains, rather, why the conventional Grand Narrative and its ideology of centrist liberalism were always inadequate as accounts of Western identity and its history.
		But if, as I argue, the Grand Narrative was itself flawed and was itself the basic obstacle to understanding Western identity, these defenses conceded both too much and too little--they conceded the value of much of the critics' case but did not abandon the Grand Narrative.
	partners.nytimes.com /books/first/g/gress-plato.html (9770 words)

	Postmodernism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		"Narrative." A narrative is a story with a unity - a unity of plot development and a unity in the identity and life of the character..
		The term "grand narrative" was coined by the French literary philosopher Jean-Jacques Lyotard (pronounced LEO-TARD, as in the article of clothing) about twenty years ago.
		These grand narratives define who we are as a civilization, a culture, a people, or even as individuals within that civilization.
	www.du.edu /~craschke/wandi/pm.htm (429 words)

	Get a New Storyteller: ACT II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		To review, this reality we all seem to hold in common is actually just a grand narrative, a meta-story that connects the commonalties and enthymemes of all the stories told by the characters about themselves.
		For the sake of argument, however, within the grand narrative there is the illusion of things that are not acts of language.
		It is irrelevant to attempt to determine the purpose of the grand narrative other than to say that it is designed as a way to forget our own lack of substance.
	personalpages.tds.net /~stone42/essays/ST2.html (1117 words)

	Prospect - Selected Features - The End Of The Grand Narrative
		The end of grand narrative means the death not of news in general, but of a certain kind of news about high politics--domestic and international.
		The end of grand narrative and the decline of international news does not mean that the media is becoming a business like any other.
		But there is no point bemoaning the dumbing down of news when the grand narrative that kept people interested in the bigger picture is over.
	www.unnu.com /newhome/Gallery/etexts/GrandNarrative.html (1150 words)

	Grand Canyon Survey Narrative by the Boston Museum/National Geographic Society
		The first formal map of the Bright Angel area of the Grand Canyon was published in 1903 as a result of the extraordinary survey of 1902-03 by parties of the U. Geological Survey under the leadership of E. Douglas --- with topography by François Matthes and control by H. Baldwin, Jr., and J. Stewart.
		In the fall of 1969 my wife and I visited the Grand Canyon and were disturbed by the fact that no large-scale maps of the area existed.
		A map of the Grand Canyon without considerable use of cliff-hachures would involve a huge amount of meaningless concentrations of brown ink where dozens of parallel contours were jammed together on the steep slopes --- and, far worse, in areas where hundreds of feet of utterly vertical cliffs were encountered.
	surveymarks.planetzhanna.com /grandcanyon/grandcanyonsurvey.shtml (5297 words)

	Philosophy Now
		Hostility to Grand Narratives is not peculiar to po-mo, however.
		Science clearly is a Grand Narrative, offering an account of the human condition in terms of biology, anatomy, evolution and mankind’s place in the history of planet Earth.
		We are told that “owing to the collapse of Grand Narratives, science can no longer justify itself or legitimate its practices by appealing to the innate value of ‘knowledge in itself” (p.76).
	www.philosophynow.org /issue43/43reid.htm (1325 words)

	Narrative from A to Z
		Frame narrative (Prince)—A narrative in which another narrative is embedded. The frame narratives serves as a setting for a second narrative (also called embedded narrative).
		Grand narratives. Jean-Francois Lyotard (1979) argues that grand narratives such as those underpinning science or the notion of historical progress are not tenable because there is no single path or vantage point that deserves choosing over others.
		In this type of narrative, a person faces suffering head on. The narrative describes alternative ways of being ill and is built upon the idea that there is something to be gained from illness.
	www.acsu.buffalo.edu /~duchan/narrative_links.html (951 words)

	Encounter - 10/10/99: The Postmodern Grand Narrative
		Anne Freadman: The critique of grand narratives is very specifically about the histories that we tell, and telling histories such as for example, we used to live in error and superstition and dogma and now we live in the domain of reason and we are totally saturated in reason.
		That's a grand narrative, and the grand narratives of Marxism for example, were grand narratives that were mapped on to the future.
		And the second part of the critique of grand narratives would be to say that they are used as legitimating devices in order to give authority to certain ways of seeing things, or certain ways of doing things, or certain ways of planning your society, or acting within it and so on.
	www.abc.net.au /rn/relig/enc/stories/s58890.htm (6372 words)

	onegoodmove: Against Narrativity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The claim that there is no grand narrative is a grand narrative, that is to say the claim that 'everything is relative' is an objective statement and therefore results in a paradox.
		A person 'creates his identity [only] by forming an autobiographical narrative a story of his life', and must be in possession of a full and 'explicit narrative [of his life] to develop fully as a person' (Marya Schechtman).
		Forget about the 'grand narrative' it was just an example of a philosopher who uses the idea of narrative.
	onegoodmove.org /1gm/1gmarchive/002073.html (1113 words)

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