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	Grange - LoveToKnow 1911
		In the middle ages a "grange" was a detached portion of a manor with farm-houses and barns belonging to a lord or to a religious house; in it the crops could be conveniently stored for the purpose of collecting rent or tithe.
		Externally granges are noticeable on account of their great roofs and the slight elevation of the eaves, from 8 to 10 ft. only in height.
		In the social economic movement in the United States of America, which began in 1867 and was known as the "Farmers' Movement," "grange" was adopted as the name for a local chapter of the Order of the Patrons of Husbandry, and the movement is thus often known as the "Grangers' Movement"(see Farmers' Movement).
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Grange (424 words)

	Farmers' movement Summary
		The Farmers Movement was, in American political history, the general name for a movement between 1867 and 1896 remarkable for a radical socio-economic propaganda that came from what was considered the most conservative class of American society.
		The Grange, or Order of the Patrons of Husbandry (the latter the official name of the national organization, while the former was the name of local chapters, including a supervisory National Grange at Washington), was a secret order founded in 1867 to advance the social needs and combat the economic backwardness of farm life.
		The national Grange and state Granges (in all, or nearly all, of the states) were still active in 1909, especially in the old cultural movement and in such economic movements, notably the improvement of highways as most directly concern the farmers.
	www.bookrags.com /Farmers'_movement (2032 words)

	Granger Movement - MSN Encarta
		The movement constituted the initial stage in the unrest among farmers in many areas of the U.S. that characterized the latter part of the 19th century.
		The event that marked the beginning of the Granger movement was the formation, in 1867, of the National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry.
		Although the grange was a nonpolitical organization, its lodges, called granges, became the centers of discussion among the traditionally individualistic farmers, and out of these discussions arose an awareness of the need for concerted political action to solve common problems.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761575454/Granger_Movement.html (394 words)

	TABLE MOUNTAIN NEWSLETTER (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Altona Grange, at 39th and Nelson Rd. is a remnant of a once flourishing agricultural movement called the "Patrons of Husbandry" and was established by a Minnesota farmer in 1867.
		Granges were started as an attempt to organize farmers against price fixing by the railroads, high interest rates on bank loans and also to increase efficiency of farming techniques.
		The Altona Grange (#127) was established in 1891 and is one of 492 granges in Colorado.
	enfo.com /~waterman/tma/news/2/tmagrange.html (272 words)

	The Granges
		The oldest grange in the Littleton area was organized in Jan. 8, 1905 as the Breene Avenue Grange #151.
		Grange membership dropped in the wake of the scandal, and the Colorado State Grange reorganized.
		One of the beneficial undertakings of the Grange was the origination of the Grange Mutual Insurance of Colorado.
	www.littletongov.org /history/othertopics/granges.asp (2928 words)

	Pittsfield Township Historical Society :: Pittsfield Union Grange Hall, #882
		Farming is the 'seedbed' of the Grange, and geology is the bedrock for farming.
		Grange members refer to each other as "brother" and "sister", and there is a clubby feel with "pleasing rituals and the subtle charm of secrecy", as National Master Dudley W. Abrams declared in 1874.
		Grange members were kept up to date on legislative measures and voted for laws and candidates that were sympathetic to their cause as farmers or as community members.
	pittsfieldhistory.org /index.php?section=sites&content=pittsfield_grange (6119 words)

	Live Oak Grange History
		Construction of the Grange hall was started in November 17, 1956 and was completed in March 1957 at a cost of $11,000, with much donated labor.
		The Grange was active in promoting legislation that benefitted farmers, such as rural free mail delivery in 1896, the Pure Food and Drug Act in 1906, and rural electrification in 1935.
		The grange is still active in legislative advocacy at both the state and national level.
	www.greengrange.org /history.html (351 words)

	History of the National Grange, the Order of Patrons of Husbandry
		The National Grange was officially founded on December 4, 1867 in the office of William Saunders, Superintendent of Propagating Gardens in the Department of Agriculture.
		In principle economic involvement was a purpose of the Grange, but its rise in importance was rapid and for many in the movement the role of the Grange in commerce started to become pervasive to the detriment of other goals.
		Inasmuch as State Grange policies originate in the Subordinate and Pomona units of the Order and are conveyed through their delegates, this branch is, in a special sense, expressive of Grange thought and sentiment throughout the entire state.
	www.geocities.com /cannongrange/cannon_nationalhistory.html (3107 words)

	The Grange
		Grange ritualism begins at the local or Subordinate level and at its most basic, is organized into seven degrees, the first four of which are the seasons of the year: spring, summer, autumn, and winter.
		Grange officers are representative of the officers of the estate and include the Gate Keeper, the Overseer, the Lecturer, the Steward, and the Chaplain.
		The Grange has effectively sought improvement in Federal Crop Insurance programs, assistance in the reorganization of the government's trade functions, active opposition to the selling of insurance by financial institutions, winning change on on-farm Storage Loan programs and by continued interest in gaining legislation to assist the small family farm-operator.
	phi.kenyon.edu /Projects/Famfarm/fo&cl/service/grange.htm (1428 words)

	TN Encyclopedia: THE PATRONS OF HUSBANDRY
		By October the number of granges had increased to eighty-six and continued to multiply: by November 1873, there were 215 granges; by January 1874, 350; and by May 1874, 823.
		The movement peaked during the spring of 1875 with 1,050 granges and 37,500 adherents.
		As a political movement, the Tennessee grange urged the general assembly to broaden educational opportunities.
	tennesseeencyclopedia.net /imagegallery.php?EntryID=P008 (729 words)

	CNN.com - Generals: Iraqi movement 'good news' - Mar. 26, 2003
		GRANGE: Well, it seems a bit high in number, and it would surprise me that the Iraqis would move that much armored force, or even soft-skin vehicle force, south out of protected positions towards the coalition forces.
		GRANGE: It means that you have more robust enemy forces, most likely not the paramilitary forces that Walter Rodgers encountered the other day, with RPG fire and sniper fire.
		Grange is an executive vice president and chief operating officer at the Robert R. McCormick Tribune Foundation in Chicago, Illinois.
	cnn.com /2003/US/03/26/sprj.irq.generals.grange.shepperd/index.html (1020 words)

	Washington State Arts Commission (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The Grange Halls of Washington State are a familiar sight on our rural landscape, yet far too little has been known about the role these halls played in our history and the importance of the Grange in the rural life of our communities.
		The Grange movement began as a response to the impoverished conditions of post-Civil War farmers- farmers being crushed by the policies of Eastern business interests and railroad monopolies.
		Along with its political advocacy, the Grange was involved in the establishment of country fairs, the Junior Grange, educational forums, community service projects, and, of course, the big event in most farm families' lives- the dances.
	www.arts.wa.gov /progFA/faGrange.html (403 words)

	It's grand ol' Grange - Members of grass-roots society, more than a century old, gather for convention at WSU
		Snyder has accomplished seven degrees of Grange membership and has traveled to the headquarters in Washington, D.C. Each of his degrees was conferred through a secret ceremony, said Snyder, holding back the details.
		Their intent with the secret rites was to create a bond of confidence and security among the members, according to a "History of the Grange Movement" written in 1874.
		The Grange is the main force fighting for open primary elections in Washington.
	www.citizenreviewonline.org /june2004/grange.htm (1105 words)

	Order of the Patrons of Husbandry - The Grange
		Grange ritual was designed to encourage members’ pride in agricultural labor and in private and public virtue through a kind of civil religion.
		Grange officers were known by names associated with these baronial estates, and their places within the room were based on this ritual.
		The sixth degree was intended only for state grange masters and the seventh degree, the climax degree, was conferred at the Annual Meeting of the National Grange by the High Priest of Demeter, who is also the custodian the signs and responsible for the annual password.
	www.connerprairie.org /historyonline/grange.html (4338 words)

	Saskatchewan's Top News Stories: Agriculture
		In the year 1876 the movement spread to the west and Grange was formed at High Bluff, Manitoba, in that year, and several other Granges were formed although there was little attempt made to develop the organisation in the West.
		The Grange had consistently kept away from the area of politics, but many farmers had felt that they were not getting a square deal from the legislators and they began to talk about going into the political fight.
		The history of the farm movements in Canada has been a history of ebb and flow, of rise and fall, but through it all there has been a steady improvement of the conditions of the men and women and children on the farms of the west.
	library.usask.ca /sni/stories/agr6.html (2422 words)

	Grange
		The National Grange of the Order of the Patrons of Husbandry was founded in Washington DC in 1867 by a Freemason named Oliver Hudson Kelley as a fraternal trade society for small farmers and their families in the United States.
		The Grange came into being because of the vision of Oliver Hudson Kelley, a farmer and activist from Elk River, Minnesota, who is considered the “father” of the movement.
		The Grange ritual and ceremonies consisted of seven degrees, which are in order of first to last: Laborer (Maid), Cultivator (Shepherdess), Harvester (Gleaner), Husband (Matron), Pomona (Roman goddess of fruit trees), Flora (Roman Goddess of fertility and flowering plants), and Ceres (Goddess of agriculture, grain, crops, initiation, civilization).
	www.aslansplace.com /insights/grange.htm (721 words)

	Grange movement - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The word "grange" comes from a Latin word for grain, and is related to a "granary" or, more generically, a farm.
		In 2005, the Grange claims a membership of 300,000 with organizations in 3,600 communities in 37 states.
		Poor fiscal management at both the national and local levels of the Grange led to a quick demise of the organization's new prosperity.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Grange_movement (516 words)

	Post-Civil War Agraian Discontent and the Granger Movement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The Granger movement, as it was known, spurred farmers to fight to ensure their prosperity.
		In 1868 the Grange movement spread to Illinois.
		Grange meetings, often held in township halls, were a chance for men and women to get together and socialize.
	www.lib.niu.edu /ipo/2000/ihy000228.html (950 words)

	The Grange Connection - America's Family Fraternity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Education of rural residents was championed by the early Grange and, due to Grange agitation, dramatic improvements were made in rural schools.
		The Grange at all levels is strictly nonpartisan and does not endorse candidates for public office nor contribute to their campaigns.
		The primary legislative objective of the Grange is to represent the views of rural residents and the agricultural community.
	www.grange.org /history.htm (515 words)

	Grange - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Grange, County Sligo, Ireland - the birthplace of Lola Montez.
		A Monastic grange is a manor house at the centre of a farming estate belonging to a monastery
		Fred Grange, historical patriarch of the Stag's Leap winery and corresponding district of Napa Valley, California
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Grange (166 words)

	Women's Roles in the Late 19th Century
		The Grange also provided a very important social outlet for farm women, one that allowed them to participate as equals in an organization that attempted to directly improve their lives and the lives of their families.
		The movement to ban consumption of alcohol began in the town of Hillsboro, Ohio in 1873, when a group of about one hundred women appeared before the town’s saloons, praying and urging the saloon keepers to close their doors for good.
		And, although the movement was primarily middle-class, a study in 1885 revealed that almost 30 percent of the members were wives of skilled and unskilled workers, attesting to the popularity of the cause among women of all classes.
	www.connerprairie.org /HistoryOnline/1880wom.html (4951 words)

	1994 Graduate Prize Winning Paper
		The Grange was first established in 1867 in Washington, D.C. by Oliver Kelley, a former employee of the Department of Agriculture (Shannon 1957:55; Robinson 1966:3; Carstensen 1974:17).
		In assessing collateral support for the agrarian movements, it is apparent that the landless laborers had little to gain from the goals of these movements (Gates 1973:324).
		These movements were not a protest for socialism or an overthrow of the government, but on the contrary were a call for a greater role for government in insuring the efficient operation of a free market system (Hicks 1941:150-51; Taylor 1953:10; Douglas 1969:87; Gates 1973:312-13; Carstensen 1974:10; Limerick 1987:129).
	nautarch.tamu.edu /anth/SEA/papers/1994gradpaper.htm (7474 words)

	ipedia.com: Grange Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		A grange was originally an area of land in Ireland some miles away from an urban-based monastery where in mediæval times food was grown for the monastery.
		Grange stone circle, near Lough Gur in County Limerick is the largest such structure in Ireland.
		Grange, County Sligo - birthplace of Lola Montez
	www.ipedia.com /grange.html (266 words)

	[No title]
		The original Grange movement was birthed out of grave circumstances that affected the entire nation, these being the Civil War and the subsequent Reconstruction period.
		Ravena Grange #1457 fell into that continuum on October 19, 1919, when the decision was made by an existing organization known as the Patrons of Industry to cease that affiliation and become part of the Patrons of Husbandry.
		In addition to the many dinners served by the grange to fund special projects and regular maintenance, the facilities have been made available to the fire company and the Little Red School House Museum to assist them in raising funds for their programs and projects.
	www.ravenagrange.org /index.php?pr=About_Ravena_Grange (986 words)

	The Nebraska State Grange (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry was organized in Washington, D.C. in 1867.
		The Nebraska State Grange was organized in 1872, but errors in its co-operative ventures and the rise of the Farmers Alliance led to its decline.
		The Grange movement was re-established with the organization of Custer Center Grange near here in February, 1911.
	www.nebraskahistory.org /publish/markers/texts/nebraska_state_grange.htm (198 words)

	The National Grange - a New Century - A New Grange!
		Since the Grange was founded 135 years ago, the world has experienced unprecedented technological growth including the invention of the telegraph, the telephone, the automobile, radio, movies, television and ultimately, advanced telecommunications and the Internet.
		At the turn of the last century, the Grange was the driving force behind having mail and electricity delivered to rural America; today it still leads the fight to provide broadband Internet service to rural parts of the nation and to end technological monopolies affecting rural America.
		The Grange is losing members because many of the faithful are dying, families are busier in 2003 than they were 50 years ago and many young people don't see the Grange as relevant or even recognize the name any more.
	www.nationalgrange.org /news-events/GrangeToday/NG_arch_jan_feb03.htm (1343 words)

	The Grange Movement
		Local affiliates were known as "granges" and the members as "grangers." In its early years, the Grange was devoted to educational events and social gatherings.
		Following the Panic of 1873, the Grange spread rapidly throughout the farm belt, since farmers in all areas were plagued by low prices for their products, growing indebtedness and discriminatory treatment by the railroads.
		Grange influence was particularly strong in Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin and Illinois, where political pressure yielded a series of "Granger laws" designed to give legislative assistance to the farmers.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h854.html (679 words)

	Ag Exhibit
		The Maryland State Grange and Patrons of Husbandry is the state umbrella for the local granges; they have remained active not only in agriculture and agricultural issues but also as a special action group, taking a stand on such issues as war and peace, relief, and education.
		Pomona Grange's 1959 entry for the Maryland State Grange Young Couple of the Year contest was the Johnson family.
		The couple was active with the grange chapter, 4-H chapter (Lina served as the girls' leader), and the local church.
	www.lib.umd.edu /ARCV/agriculture/agexhibit/mdstategrange.html (387 words)

	Early History of the Grange Movement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The Grange movement of the 1860’s and 1870’s organized American farmers to protest against railroad monopolies.
		The movement took its name from the National Grange or Patrons of Husbandry, a lodge founded by Oliver Hudson Kelley in 1867.
		Although Kelley organized the Grange for social and educational purposes, the Grange’s early success was based on mobilizing farmers politically against railroad and grain elevator monopolies that controlled the process of marketing agricultural goods.
	www.rootsweb.com /~miottawa/organizations/grangehistory.html (197 words)

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