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	Granuaile
		Granuaile allowed neither political nor social convention to deter her; took a lover; divorced her second husband by right of the pagan laws of her ancestors; gave birth to her youngest son on her ship at sea.
		Granuaile was the only daughter of Dudara O'Malley, chieftain of the kingdom of Umhall, the country around Clew Bay on the west coast of Ireland, and of his wife Margaret.
		Granuaile took her leave of Elizabeth with her burden much lightened and returned to Mayo in the middle of September to confront Bingham with the queen's letter.
	mysongbook.de /msb/songs/g/granuail.html (4937 words)

	Granuaile
		The sea was the source of Granuaile’s strength and in the most difficult of times she retreated to the landscape where she had the most power, Clare Island and the ocean.
		Granuaile did not build the castles she lived in but the Gaelic people did and she made them hers.
		It is ironic that the woman from whom Granuaile received assistance, whose administration recorded her story, is the same woman who took the land from her people and silenced the woman of Ireland for centuries.
	www.geocities.com /Heartland/Park/7669/granuaile.html (3023 words)

	Womanifesto
		Granuaile grabbed her gun and raged on deck in her nightgown, her scarred face vivid and gray hair flying.
		Granuaile scorned the offer of ransom and instead demanded of the lord that the gates of Howth never be closed to anyone asking hospitality, and that an extra place should always be set at the table.
		Granuaile responded that the Irish would never put a soiled garment into their pocket and added that they had a higher standard of cleanliness than the English.
	rainyblackcrow.tripod.com /id1.html (3404 words)

	Untitled
		In 1586, he captured Granuaile and brought her to the gallows, but rather than meet her death, she was exchanged for her son-in-law and 1,000 cattle.
		Having no other recourse, Granuaile petitioned Queen Elizabeth to pardon her for being forced to protect her own interests because the English governors proved incapable of coping with the situation in Ireland and to grant her some monies on which to live because her rightful inheritances had been denied her.
		Granuaile's answers were guarded and she highlighted events that the English would find least objectionable while omitting any mention of piracy and rebellion.
	www.suite101.com /print_article.cfm/6236/61332 (892 words)

	Richard - Pirates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Granuaile returned to O'Malley territory after Donal's death, and recruited a crew of about 200 men under her command, earning her authority through her intelligent leadership and knowledge of the sea.
		Given her independence, as well as obvious character issues with these men, Granuaile was fortunate that her marriage followed the ancient, pagan Brehon legal system, which provided easy divorce by either party during the first year (in stark contrast to 'modern' Ireland, where divorce was legalized in 1995).
		Granuaile bravely faced death, but it was not yet her time—her son-in-law took her place as hostage.
	netdial.caribe.net /~rich/piratesbio.htm (8883 words)

	Women Pirates - Granuaile (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Later, Granuaile was transferred to the dungeons of Dublin Castle to await execution but managed to use shrewd political bargaining to gain her release.
		An interesting story about Granuaile’s meeting with Elizabeth is that Granuaile sneezed in the presence of the Queen, her lords and ladies.
		Although Granuaile went to sea to continue the Queen's "quarrel with the world," Bingham was determined that she not return to her old ways.
	www.jungleii.com /fountain/t4c/Library/books/femwarriors/FP3Gran.html (2261 words)

	Defiant Women: Granuaile
		Granuaile would gain many of her titles and power through ancient pagan law and tribal traditions, which the British system outlawed.
		The official English policy was "Submit and Regrant," where the Irish noblemen who surrendered would be given English titles and could lawfully hold their lands if they submitted to English rule and English law—such as primogeniture, the oldest son inheriting all the titles and power instead of the clan electing a new chieftain.
		Granuaile shrewdly answered them, in ways that downplayed her obvious conflicts with the English but not her political and military power.
	www.members.tripod.com /cathreese/DefiantWomen/pirates/granuaile.html (1396 words)

	QCA - Innovating with history - History matters - It worked for me
		On land, Granuaile stormed and defended castles, engaged in the then favourite Irish practice of cattle-rustling, gave birth to four children and generally showed she was the equal if not the better of any man.
		Such was Granuaile's power that in 1593 Elizabeth I agreed to meet her in London to consider requests for money and permission 'to invade with sword and fire' the queen's enemies.
		They were delighted that their pictures of Granuaile were as valid as any of those produced in the books they read (as there are no contemporary portraits of her).
	www.qca.org.uk /history/innovating/history_matters/worked_for_me/ks1/cameo-1 (1106 words)

	The Wedding of Grainne
		She was born as the English king Henry VIII implemented his "surrender and re-grant" policy over Ireland and died as Hugh O'Neill and Hugh O'Donnell were defeated and with them the last hopes of an Ireland free from England.
		That she lived to be over seventy in that turbulent period that ended an era is a tribute to the strength of character and reason she must have possessed.
		Granuaile (Grace O'Malley) is thought to have been born in 1530, with one illegitimate step-brother Donal-na-Piopa (of the pipes), to Owen 'Dubhdarra' (Black Oak) O'Malley who by the Brehon system was the elected chieftain of Umhall Uachtarach (Barony of Murrisk).
	homepage.eircom.net /~maloh/jillteck/grainne/Page02.htm (479 words)

	Grace O'Malley (
		What little is factually known of Grace comes from the records of her enemies, the lieutenants of Queen Elizabeth I who was in the process of subjugating the people of the then final and most resistant area to her rule in Ireland.
		By now, Granuaile had become a force to be reckoned with by any intruder within her realm of land or sea and through her second marriage she was able to add the strategically placed Rockfleet Castle to the list of those she had built along the coast.
		My personal view of Granuaile's character might be summed up by suggesting that if Hollywood had made a film of her life then Maureen O'Hara would no doubt have played the eponymous, swashbuckling role.
	home.freeuk.net /aquinas/granuaile.htm (612 words)

	Amazon.ca: Books: Granuaile: The Life and Times of Grace O'Malley 1503-1603 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Granuaile did not just order men into battle from the safety of a castle, she actually led men into battle herself.
		Granuaile played both sides against the middle in a deadly battle for survival which she won for her self and her descendents.
		She was a great woman whose foresight, strength, daring, seafaring ability, and political acumen provide us all, men and women, Irish and non-Irish, with a fascinating glimpse into one woman's struggle to prevail between the English monarchy and the lords of Ireland in the 16th century.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0863276318 (630 words)

	QCA - Innovating with history - History matters - It worked for me
		Her petition was successful, but Granuaile died ten years later, outwitted and impoverished by Tudor officials who never forgave her earlier 'betrayals'.
		There were imaginative dramatisations of Granuaile's meeting with Elizabeth, accompanied by much disagreement on how fairly or otherwise Elizabeth and her officials treated Granuaile towards the end of her life.
		The existence of a suite of songs, with telling words and evocative music (Granuaile, sung by Rita Connolly, Tara CD 3071), encouraged the children to 'explore and express their ideas and feelings about music, using movement [and] dance' and to appreciate 'how music is used for particular purposes'.
	www.qca.org.uk /history/innovating/history_matters/worked_for_me/cameo-1.htm (1097 words)

	Grace O'Malley - Notable Women Ancestors
		Grace O'Malley (also called Granuaile) was a famous pirate, seafarer, trader and chieftain in Ireland in the 1500's.
		She was born in 1530 in County Mayo, Ireland and was the daughter of sea captain Owen O'Malley.
		Granuaile was known as a fearless leader and fierce fighter.
	www.rootsweb.com /~nwa/grace.html (2122 words)

	Granuaile Ni`Mhaille (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Granuaile was named after a 16th century Irish pirate queen.
		Preserver or not, Granuaile is an eternal Wanderer.
		She tends to have bad luck with romance, but her free-spiritedness doesn't allow it to bother her much -- a lot like her sister, the wood elf rogue known as Maija Ni`Mhaille.
	www.geocities.com /nightsaura/granuail.html (127 words)

	Staging a concert of Granuaile (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		To stage a concert of Shaun Davey's, Granuaile, there are a number of different areas that have to be taken into account, it is only when these areas have been looked at can we set about estimating the cost of a performance.
		A production staff of 4-5 (in addition to usual venue staff), experienced in staging Granuaile, would be required to ensure the smooth running of the concert, these include a production manager, production assistant, 2 sound engineers, lighting engineer and stage manager.
		When preparing a costing for a Granuaile concert there are some pointers to be aware of.
	www.shaundavey.com /grrequire.htm (470 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: Books: Granuaile: Ireland's Pirate Queen C.1530-1603 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		'Granuaile' was the dauntless leader of her people during a time of major upheaval in her homeland, the present county Mayo in Connaught, the west of Ireland.
		Author Anne Chambers puts her life very much in the context of those times, the waning days of the old Gaelic society when alliances between clan leaders were made and swiftly broken, survival was everything and there was no concept of a unified state called Ireland.
		Granuaile's story is historically informative and an inspiration to women everywhere to realise their full potential, follow their own path and not be limited by the proscribed 'part of womanhood' so often imposed on them by society.
	www.amazon.co.uk /exec/obidos/ASIN/0863279139 (612 words)

	St Patricks Guestbook (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		On a different note I see that Granuaile is moored (I do hope that is the correct spelling) in the South Docks, I do hope she doesn't get dry rot that could be ugly.
		Granuaile, Rubha Bhlanisgaidh is the name of the area where our croft is, it’s a small place on the far north west side of Leodhais.
		How dare you attack Granuaile and try to chum up with me? If you take her on you take on the whole triumvirate (meaning a partnership of three, in case you did not understand it.) You leave Brian alone too.
	www.stpatricksday.com /4th-guestbook.html (20822 words)

	Granuaile (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		'The Granuaile Suite' (1985) sets an episode of Irish history in the context of wider European history through a work which appeals to music lovers of all ages.
		One song in the cycle, 'Ripples in the Rockpools' quickly became a popular classic and is now in the official Irish school syllabus.
		'Granuaile' distills the essence of this indomitable woman whose galleys ruled the seas off Western Ireland during the times of Elizabethan conquests.
	www.shaundavey.com /granuail.htm (432 words)

	Introduction to American Irish History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Granuaile learned to sail at a young age, gaining knowledge about the tides and currents around Clew Bay that would be valuable in her later years in defending Ireland against the English.
		Granuaile argued that her actions were not rebellion but self-defense.
		Granuaile died impoverished in 1604 but was remembered by the irish people and talked about for many generations after.
	www.kiyai.com (11884 words)

	INTERESTING CELTS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Granuaile is one of the great folk heroes of Ireland, Sea Queen or Pirate Queen depending on your point of view, but a Queen none the less.
		During Granuaile's life, she fought and raided for more than 40 years, on land and sea, and dominated the Clew Bay region and much of the western sea.
		As in the case of Granuaile, the main facts of Boudica's life were recorded by the historians of her enemies.
	www.scsconnect.com /~jmurphy/celts/celtpers.html (3265 words)

	Granuaile the latest vessel in the National Seabed Survey
		Granuaile's role is not as a survey vessel so she needed to be fitted out so as to be able to handle the task.
		At first Granuaile set off for the distant Rockall Bank to complete a section there of under 200m water depth but she was forced back towards the coast due to inclement weather conditions.
		An alternative survey area had been determined in advance (since the weather at this time of year is always likely to be adverse) so she came back into the Irish Sea where she is surveyed between Carlingford and Drogheda.
	www.gsiseabed.ie /granuaile.htm (250 words)

	Granuaile's Clare Island home (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The home of Mayo pirate queen Granuaile is in line to receive a half a million pounds restoration.
		Located on west Mayo outpost Clare Island, plans are underway to renovate and establish a heritage and interpretative centre in the ruins of Grace O'Malley's castle.
		Standing guard at the harbour to Clare Island, the Granuaile Castle is visited by all who arrive on the island.
	www.mayo-ireland.ie /ConnTel/CT9711/CT971105/Castle.htm (786 words)

	Irish Post: GAA: Granuaile unveil plans for underage academy
		Granuaile Hurling Club, which has been established in the Harrow area for a number of years, is in the process of forming an underage wing.
		Preparatory work has been going on in the Harrow area over the last few weeks and already sponsorship to the tune of £3000 has been contributed by a number of business people around the area.
		Among the new club’s intentions are a proposal to set up The Granuaile GAA Hurling Academy.
	www.irishpost.co.uk /news/story.asp?j=103 (285 words)

	Pirates & Privateers: The History of Maritime Piracy - Grace O'Malley
		Two hundred men followed her to Clare Island and under her leadership they embarked on a career of piracy, or as Granuaile preferred to say maintenance by land and sea.
		In 1578, the President of Munster, Lord Justice Drury, described Granuaile as a woman that hath impudently passed the part of womanhood and been a great spoiler, and chief commander and director of thieves and murderers at sea to spoille this province.
		She had been captured the previous year and imprisoned in Limerick Gaol before being transferred to Dublin Castle, where few prisoners emerged from the dungeons.
	www.cindyvallar.com /granuaile.html (898 words)

	Granuaile :: Interlink Books
		As both Pirate Queen and Chieftain of the O'Malley clan, Granuaile or Grace O'Malley, challenged the accepted ideas of sixteenth century Ireland.
		She manipulated the turbulent political environment, ignoring conventions, to become one of the most powerful leaders in the country.
		most famous feminine sea captain.' The meeting of the two Queens, Granuaile and Elizabeth 1st ensured that the legend grew until she became celebrated as one of the most notorious Irishwoman in Elizabethan England.
	www.interlinkbooks.com /BooksG/Granuaile_text.html (166 words)

	Western People (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Granuaile sailed the seas of Clew Bay and beyond in the 16th century and was known far and wide for her fearless attempts to hold on to the ancient Gaelic way of life.
		She is still remembered fondly and her fame has been the inspiration for many ballads and numerous books, the most famous of which is probably 'Granuaile; The Life and Times of Grace O' Malley' by Ann Chambers.
		Ms Chambers has just completed a screenplay on the life of Granuaile and it is understood that a major Hollywood movie charting the life of Mayo's pirate queen is being considered.
	www.lucylawless.info /articles/western_people0603.htm (174 words)

	The Granuaile house (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Granuaile House is a comfortable ITB approved family run BandB.
		It is conveniently situated at the harbour with spectacular views of Clew bay and just 100 metres from the famous Gráinne Uaile Castle.
		The local community centre and hotel with licensed bars are less than 5 minutes walk away.
	www.anu.ie /clareisland/granuaile.htm (80 words)

	Granuaile's Tower, Kildavnet, Achill Island, Co. Mayo, Ireland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The Tower House at Kildavnet, Achill Island, on the west coast of Ireland, is a perfect example of a 15th century Irish Tower house.
		Thought to have been built by the Clan O'Malley in 1429, this Tower is known locally as Grace O'Malley's Castle after the legendary pirate queen Granuaile (Grace O'Malley).
		She is said to have used the tower as one of her strongholds as she controlled the waters along Ireland's western seaboard.
	www.achilltourism.com /kildavnet-tower.html (142 words)

	Rita Connolly
		Rita first gained international recognition, in 1985, with her interpretation of Granuaile, which was specially written for her by Shaun.
		In 1987 she toured Britain with the RTE concert orchestra performing excerpts from Granuaile, the highlight being a sold-out show in London's Albert Hall.
		It highlights her versatility as a singer and a songwriter and features some of her own compositions, such as the title track Valparaiso, as well as some songs specially written for her by Sebastion Barry and Shaun Davey and songs by Sonny Condell, Leo O'Kelly and Irving Berlin.
	www.hrmusic.com /artists/rcart.html (407 words)

	Granuaile & Brendan Voyage in Belfast
		On Saint Patrick's Day (March 17th) 2001 at the Waterfront Hall in Belfast the Ulster Orchestra will be performing an evening of the music of Shaun Davey with performances of two of his major concert works GRANUAILE and THE BRENDAN VOYAGE.
		The evening will also feature a number of high profile soloists under the direction of conductor Gearoid Grant, with Rita Connolly taking the lead role in Granuaile and top uilleann piper Peter Browne being featured, for the first time, in The Brendan Voyage.
		Tickets for The Brendan Voyage / Granuaile concert can be booked via the concerts page of the Ulster Orchestra's we site, priced from £5 to £15.
	www.taramusic.com /archive/010317.htm (282 words)

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