Granule (cell biology)

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Topic: Granule (cell biology)

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In the News (Mon 21 Dec 09)

Northern Trust

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Mickey Rourke

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Hugh Jackman

	Differential Regulation of Granule-to-Granule and Granule-to-Plasma Membrane Fusion during Secretion from Rat Pituitary Lactotrophs -- Cochilla et al. 150 (4): 839 -- The Journal of Cell Biology
		Cell, October 1, 2004; 15(10): 4658 - 4668.
		This dye is fixed to the extracellular surface of the cell, and is electron dense so that any portion of the cellular membrane exposed to the extracellular surface during fixation contains an electron-dense coating visible in electron micrographs.
		Exocytic structures have been observed in many secretory cells
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/full/150/4/839

	Amazon.com: Lessons From the Living Cell: The Limits of Reductionism: Books: Stephen S. Rothman,Stephen Rothman
		vesicle theory, nonparallel secretion, dynamic universalist, vesicle model, granule lysis, grand universalism, selective exocytosis, omega figure, autoradiography experiments, vesicle mechanisms, vesicle pathway, zymogen granules, radioactive protein, cisternal spaces, granule types, signal hypothesis, enclosing membrane, labeled protein, intact system, acinar cell, intact process, secretion granules, cytoplasmic pool, cytoplasmic fraction, contractile process
		Most of the second half of the book is a very detailed analysis of the evidence for two separate theories in biology: the first, on the contraction of muscle tissue and, the second, on the transport and secretion of proteins within the cell.
		While working on cellular protein transport in the 1960s, Rothman found evidence contradicting the widely held vesicle theory; in the course of his work, he came to the conclusion that the theory's base was skimpy at best.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0071378200?v=glance (1913 words)

	Granule - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Granule (cell biology), any of several submicroscopic structures, some with explicable origins, others noted only as cell type-specific features of unknown function
		"Azurophil granule", a structure characteristic of the azurophil eukarytotic cell type
		"Chromaffin granule", a structure characteristic of the chromophil eukaryotic cell type
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Granule (186 words)

	Overlapping functions of the cell adhesion molecules Nr-CAM and L1 in cerebellar granule cell development -- Sakurai et al. 154 (6): 1259 -- The Journal of Cell Biology
		as a receptor for contactin on cerebellar granule cells and
		Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, and Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032
		Neurite outgrowth responses of cerebellar cells in vitro.
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/full/154/6/1259 (9077 words)

	Professor David A Jans
		Trapani, J.A., Jans, D.A., Jans, P., Smyth, M.J., Browne, K.A. and Sutton, V.R. (1998) "Efficient nuclear targeting and the nuclear consequences of apoptosis induced by granzyme B and perforin are caspase-dependent, but cell death is caspase-independent" J. Biol.
		Sobolev and his group at Moscow State University (Russia) he is coauthor of a patent ("A Composition to Effect Photodynamic Damage of Target Cells and a Method to Effect Photodynamic Damage of Target Cells" which won a Medaille d'Or avec Mention at the 45th.
		Blink, E.J., Trapani, J.A. and Jans, D.A. (1999) "Perforin-dependent nuclear targeting of granzymes: central role in the nuclear events of granule-exocytosis-mediated apoptosis ?" Immunol.
	www.med.monash.edu.au /biochem/staff/jans.html (9077 words)

	Stimulation of Neutrophil Interleukin-8 Production by Eosinophil Granule Major Basic Protein -- Page et al. 21 (2): 230 -- American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology
		Stem cell factor influences mast cell mediator release in response to eosinophil-derived granule major basic protein.
		Elevated levels of the eosinophil granule major basic protein in the sputum of patients with bronchial asthma.
		/ml) were incubated with the indicated concentrations of eosinophil granule proteins, protamine (Prot), Poly-R, or 100 ng/ml LPS for 18 h at 37°C. IL-8 release is expressed as the mean ± SEM for four to eight experiments, after correction for spontaneous release.
	www.ajrcmb.org /cgi/content/full/21/2/230 (4903 words)

	Differential Regulation of Granule-to-Granule and Granule-to-Plasma Membrane Fusion during Secretion from Rat Pituitary Lactotrophs -- Cochilla et al. 150 (4): 839 -- The Journal of Cell Biology
		The minor regulated pathway, a rapid component of salivary secretion, may provide docking/fusion sites for granule exocytosis at the apical surface of acinar cells
		Sequential exocytosis of insulin granules is associated with redistribution of SNAP25
		with another granule that had already fused with the plasma
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/abstract/150/4/839 (853 words)

	Relationship Between p62 and p56, Two Proteins of the Mammalian Cortical Granule Envelope, and Hyalin, the Major Component of the Echinoderm Hyaline Layer, in Hamsters -- Hoodbhoy et al. 62 (4): 979 -- Biology of Reproduction
		The embryo treated with IL2 was arrested at the 2-cell stage and had more fluorescence than the 8-cell embryo from the contralateral oviduct.
		The effects of IL2 treatment on the development of 2-cell preimplantation embryos to the 5- to 8-cell stage.
		IL2 reacted with two bands in unfertilized oocytes with molecular masses of 62 and 56 kDa (lane 1), and these bands were less abundant in the cytoplasm of fertilized oocytes (lane 2).
	www.biolreprod.org /cgi/content/full/62/4/979 (853 words)

	Sequential exocytosis of insulin granules is associated with redistribution of SNAP25 -- Takahashi et al. 165 (2): 255 -- The Journal of Cell Biology
		(B) Distributions of granule diameter estimated from the fluorescence intensity distributions shown in A. The smooth lines represented the Gaussian distribution with a mean and SD of 0.42 and 0.05 µm, respectively.
		-shaped profile of the primary exocytic granule (arrow) in B becomes the target for a secondary exocytic event (arrowhead); the two granules finally flattened out within the plasma membrane.
		(B and C) Latency histograms for the delay between the onset of exocytosis (the primary events of sequential exocytosis) and that of the ECFP-SNAP25 signal (B) and between the onset of the ECFP-SNAP25 signal and the secondary event of sequential exocytosis (C).
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/full/165/2/255 (853 words)

	A Trypanosomal Protein Synergizes with the Cytokines Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor and Leukemia Inhibitory Factor to Prevent Apoptosis of Neuronal Cells -- Chuenkova and Pereira 11 (4): 1487 -- Molecular Biology of the Cell
		Ming, M., Chuenkova, M., Ortega-Barria, E., and Pereira, M.E.A. Mediation of Trypanosoma cruzi invasion by sialic acid on the host cell and trans-sialidase on the trypanosomes.
		and of primary cultures of rat cerebellar granule neurons (M.V. Chuenkova and M.A. Pereira, unpublished observations).
		1-7) and in primary cultures of rat cerebellar granule neurons (M.V. Chuenkova and M.A. Pereira, unpublished observations), it is not
	www.molbiolcell.org /cgi/content/full/11/4/1487 (853 words)

	Proinsulin Endoproteolysis Confers Enhanced Targeting of Processed Insulin to the Regulated Secretory Pathway -- Kuliawat et al. 11 (6): 1959 -- Molecular Biology of the Cell
		Carnell, L., and Moore, H.-P.H. Transport via the regulated secretory pathway in semi-intact PC12 cells: role of intra-cisternal calcium and pH in the transport and sorting of secretogranin II.
		At early chase times, proinsulin entry into the stimulus-dependent secretory pathway is clear, although its utility as a granule marker wanes as a function of chase time.
		Kuliawat, R., and Arvan, P. Protein targeting via the "constitutive-like" secretory pathway in isolated pancreatic islets: passive sorting in the immature granule compartment.
	www.molbiolcell.org /cgi/content/full/11/6/1959 (853 words)

	Mitochondrion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In cell biology, a mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) (from Greek mitos thread + khondrion granule) is an organelle, variants of which are found in most eukaryotic cells[1]
		Mitochondria are sometimes described as "cellular power plants," because their primary function is to convert organic materials into energy in the form of ATP via the process of oxidative phosphorylation.
		A mitochondrion contains outer and inner membranes composed of phospholipid bilayers studded with proteins, much like a typical cell membrane.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mitochondrion (2293 words)

	Different Dystrophin-like Complexes Are Expressed in Neurons and Glia -- Blake et al. 147 (3): 645 -- The Journal of Cell Biology
		There is no neuronal staining, e.g., granule cells in the granular layer or Purkinje cells in the Purkinje cell layer (PCL).
		F, Cerebellar immunoreactivity in the molecular layer is concentrated in the small somata of the Bergmann glia, scattered among the unstained Purkinje cell somata in the Purkinje cell layer, and is also expressed diffusely throughout the molecular layer in the Bergmann radial glial processes.
		astrocytes and in Bergmann glia of the cerebellum (Figure 3).
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/full/147/3/645 (6590 words)

	Loss of proteolytically processed filaggrin caused by epidermal deletion of Matriptase/MT-SP1 -- List et al. 163 (4): 901 -- The Journal of Cell Biology
		Landmann, L. Epidermal permeability barrier: transformation of lamellar granule-disks into intercellular sheets by a membrane-fusion process, a freeze-fracture study.
		Heterogeneity in harlequin ichthyosis, an inborn error of epidermal keratinization: variable morphology and structural protein expression and a defect in lamellar granules.
		Matriptase/MT-SP1 is required for postnatal survival, epidermal barrier function, hair follicle development, and thymic homeostasis.
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/full/163/4/901 (6590 words)

	Faculty
		These eosinophil promoters/enhancers are being analyzed as models for the differential regulation of myeloid specific genes in general, and eosinophil specific genes in particular, in the process of the commitment and differentiation of stem cells and multipotential bone marrow-derived progenitors to the granulocyte lineages.
		Related projects characterizing eosinophil effector mechanisms in the pathophysiology of asthma and other allergic diseases include studies of the mechanisms by which eosinophils induce airways dysfunction, fibroblast and epithelial cell activation, and the production of inflammatory cytokines and other mediators of tissue remodeling and pathological tissue fibrosis in the lung, gastrointestinal tract and other tissues.
		Our work on eosinophil function focuses primarily on the pro-inflammatory effector roles of eosinophils and their unique granule cationic proteins and lipolytic enzymes in the pathogenesis of asthma, allergic and other eosinophil-associated diseases and hypereosinophilic syndromes.
	www.uic.edu /com/bcmg/ackerman.html (808 words)

	Starch granule initiation is controlled by a heteromultimeric isoamylase in potato tubers -- Bustos et al. 101 (7): 2215 -- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
		Starch granule initiation is controlled by a heteromultimeric isoamylase in potato tubers -- Bustos et al.
		Articles by Bustos, R. Articles by Smith, A. Plant Biology
		Starch granule initiation is controlled by a heteromultimeric isoamylase in potato tubers
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/101/7/2215 (808 words)

	Sonic hedgehog Promotes G1 Cyclin Expression and Sustained Cell Cycle Progression in Mammalian Neuronal Precursors -- Kenney and Rowitch 20 (23): 9055 -- Molecular and Cellular Biology
		Mouse Suppressor of Fused is a negative regulator of sonic hedgehog signaling and alters the subcellular distribution of gli1.
		Sonic hedgehog regulates proliferation and inhibits differentiation of CNS precursor cells.
		external granule layer and their precursors ( 6).
	mcb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/20/23/9055 (808 words)

	Brain development in mice lacking L1-L1 homophilic adhesion -- Itoh et al. 165 (1): 145 -- The Journal of Cell Biology
		Dendrites of pyramidal cells in the stratum lucidum and stratum radiatum of CA regions and those of granule cells in the dentate gyrus showed no significant differences.
		at the caudal medulla and the contralateral dorsal pyramidal
		In L1-KO (F), the pyramidal tract was hypoplastic and labeled fibers projected to the ipsilateral dorsal medulla.
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/full/165/1/145 (6091 words)

	Regulated Proteolysis by Cortical Granule Serine Protease 1 at Fertilization -- Haley and Wessel 15 (5): 2084 -- Molecular Biology of the Cell
		of which seem to be cleaved by the cortical granule protease
		it is this hypothetical protease that is responsible for cleavage
		-1,3 glucanase in the presence or absence of the protease inhibitor benzamidine.
	www.molbiolcell.org /cgi/content/full/15/5/2084 (5630 words)

	Relationship Between p62 and p56, Two Proteins of the Mammalian Cortical Granule Envelope, and Hyalin, the Major Component of the Echinoderm Hyaline Layer, in Hamsters -- Hoodbhoy et al. 62 (4): 979 -- Biology of Reproduction
		Dandekar P, Talbot P. Perivitelline space of mammalian oocytes: extracellular matrix of unfertilized oocytes and formation of a cortical granule envelope following fertilization.
		Relationship Between p62 and p56, Two Proteins of the Mammalian Cortical Granule Envelope, and Hyalin, the Major Component of the Echinoderm Hyaline Layer, in Hamsters -- Hoodbhoy et al.
		Relationship Between p62 and p56, Two Proteins of the Mammalian Cortical Granule Envelope, and Hyalin, the Major Component of the Echinoderm Hyaline Layer, in Hamsters
	www.biolreprod.org /cgi/content/full/62/4/979 (5469 words)

	Exocytotic Insertion of Calcium Channels Constrains Compensatory Endocytosis to Sites of Exocytosis -- Smith et al. 148 (4): 755 -- The Journal of Cell Biology
		Eggs were activated with 25 µM A23187 and 3 min later placed into calcium-free ASW to trap cortical granule membranes in the cell surface.
		Next, eggs were washed three times in ASW and incubated with ASW containing Alexa 488 maleimide to label-free sulfhydryl groups on the egg surface.
		In control experiments the eggs were treated as in the first experiment except Alexa 488 maleimide was not removed before egg activation (see bottom time line).
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/full/148/4/755 (5469 words)

	Target-Cell Contact Activates a Highly Selective Capacitative Calcium Entry Pathway in Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes -- Zweifach 148 (3): 603 -- The Journal of Cell Biology
		Takayama, H., Trenn, G., Sitkovsky, M.V. A novel cytotoxic T lymphocyte activation assay: optimized conditions for antigen receptor triggered granule enzyme secretion.
		Kerschbaum, H., Cahalan, M. Monovalent permeability, rectification, and ionic block of store-operated calcium channels in Jurkat T lymphocytes.
		Ni, H.-T., Deeths, M.J., Li, W., Mueller, D.L., Mescher, M.F. Signaling pathways activated by leukocyte function-associated Ag-1-dependent costimulation.
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/full/148/3/603 (5469 words)

	Mitochondrium - Art History Online Reference and Guide
		In cell biology, a mitochondrion (from Greek mitos thread + khondrion granule) is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells, including those of plants, animals, fungi, and protists.
		Mitochondrium - Art History Online Reference and Guide
	www.arthistoryclub.com /art_history/Mitochondrial (5469 words)

	Encyclopedia article on Mitochondrion [EncycloZine]
		"Mitochondrion" literally means 'thread granule', which is what they look like under a light microscope: tiny rod-like structures present in the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells.
		In cell biology, a mitochondrion is an organelle found in the cells of most eukaryotes.
		At one end of the spectrum, the Trypanosome protozoan has one large mitochondrion; by contrast, human liver cells normally have between one thousand and two thousand each.
	encyclozine.com /Mitochondrion (1036 words)

	ALTERED AUTOANTIGEN STRUCTURE IN SJoGREN'S SYNDROME: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PATHOGENESIS OF AUTOIMMUNE TISSUE DAMAGE -- Rosen and Casciola-Rosen 15 (3): 156 -- Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine
		Novel fragments of the Sjögren’s syndrome autoantigens alpha-fodrin and type 3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor are generated during cytotoxic lymphocyte granule-induced cell death.
		of La/SS-B from the nucleus to the cytoplasm (Ayukawa et al.
		La autoantigen is cleaved in the COOH terminus and loses the nuclear localization signal during apoptosis.
	crobm.iadrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/15/3/156 (6156 words)

	Actin disruption alters the localization of tau in the growth cones of cerebellar granule neurons -- Zmuda and Rivas 113 (15): 2797 -- Journal of Cell Science
		Actin disruption alters the localization of tau in the growth cones of cerebellar granule neurons -- Zmuda and Rivas 113 (15): 2797 -- Journal of Cell Science
		Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-4415, USA.
		Articles by Zmuda, J. Articles by Rivas, R. Journal of Cell Science, Vol 113, Issue 15 2797-2809, Copyright © 2000 by Company of Biologists
	jcs.biologists.org /cgi/content/abstract/113/15/2797 (405 words)

	Chemotactic Peptide-induced Changes of Intermediate Filament Organization in Neutrophils during Granule Secretion: Role of Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate -- Pryzwansky and Merricks 9 (10): 2933 -- Molecular Biology of the Cell
		Intermediate filaments organized at 30 s and were localized within areas of the cell devoid of granules at 1 min and 2.5 min.
		Vimentin filaments were disassembled when cell extracts (incubated as shown in panel C) were further treated with the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 1 (D).
		Another plane of focus demonstrated that vimentin was organized as filaments within the nuclear clef and that aggregates of actin were distributed at the cell cortex.
	www.molbiolcell.org /cgi/content/full/9/10/2933 (6538 words)

	The Rab27a/Granuphilin Complex Regulates the Exocytosis of Insulin-Containing Dense-Core Granules -- Yi et al. 22 (6): 1858 -- Molecular and Cellular Biology
		Hannah, M. J., Hume, A. N., Arribas, M., Williams, R., Hewlett, L. J., Seabra, M. C., Cutler, D. Weibel-Palade bodies recruit Rab27 by a content-driven, maturation-dependent mechanism that is independent of cell type.
		Hosaka, M., Suda, M., Sakai, Y., Izumi, T., Watanabe, T., Takeuchi, T. Secretogranin III Binds to Cholesterol in the Secretory Granule Membrane as an Adapter for Chromogranin A. Biol.
		Immunoblotting was performed using anti-Rab27a (lanes 1 to 3) and anti-Rab3a (lanes 4 to 6) antibodies.
	mcb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/22/6/1858 (6692 words)

	Ras Family GTPases Control Growth of Astrocyte Processes -- Kalman et al. 10 (5): 1665 -- Molecular Biology of the Cell
		Hatten, M.E., Lynch, M., Rydel, R.E., Sanchez, J., Joseph-Silverstein, J., Moscatelli, D., and Rifkin, D.B. In vitro neurite extension by granule neurons is dependent upon astroglial-derived fibroblast growth factor.
		Gasser, U.E., and Hatten, M.E. Neuron-glia interactions of rat hippocampal cells in vitro: glial-guided neuronal migration and neuronal regulation of glial differentiation.
		Mason, C.A., Edmondson, J.C., and Hatten, M.E. The extending astroglial process: development of glial cell shape, the growing tip, and interactions with neurons.
	www.molbiolcell.org /cgi/content/full/10/5/1665 (6692 words)

	Intercellular Organelle Traffic through Cytoplasmic Bridges in Early Spermatids of the Rat: Mechanisms of Haploid Gene Product Sharing -- Ventelä et al. 14 (7): 2768 -- Molecular Biology of the Cell
		Erickson, R.P. Haploid gene expression versus meiotic drive: the relevance of intercellular bridges during spermatogenesis.
		The changing velocity of granule at various time points is summarized in J; the movement inside the bridge is indicated with solid triangles.
		Braun, R.E., Behringer, R.R., Peschon, J.J., Brinster, R.L., and Palmiter, R.D. Genetically haploid spermatids are phenotypically diploid.
	www.molbiolcell.org /cgi/content/full/14/7/2768 (6692 words)

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Topic: Granule (cell biology)

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In the News (Mon 21 Dec 09)