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Topic: Granulocyte

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Basophil granulocyte

Eosinophil granulocyte

Neutrophil granulocyte

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	Publications - Granulocyte Transfusions
		Granulocyte function is normal or near normal.6 Granulocyte recovery and survival are adversely affected by as little as 8-24 hours storage.
		Based on these trials, granulocyte transfusion can be considered for severely neutropenic patients with documented bacterial infection who have failed 24-48 hours of appropriate antibiotic therapy to which bacteria are susceptible.
		Granulocytes obtained from these donors are functionally normal and may have improved phagocytic, bactericidal, and fungicidal activity.
	www.scbcinfo.org /publications/bulletin_v2_n4.htm (1550 words)

	Cord Blood Forum: Annotated Bibliography- Miscellaneous Topics- granulocyte transfusion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The author reviews several modern studies of granulocyte transfusion therapy and summarizes by stating that the bottom line is that it is not clear whether even large doses of granulocytes are useful in clearing infections or prolonging survival in neutropenic immunocompromized patients.
		Although these results suggest that prophylactic granulocyte transfusions may be effective in limiting the period of neutropenia, it must be emphasized, however, that the published results to date represent preliminary findings and the efficacy of prophylactic granulocyte transfusion requires further study in large well-controlled trials.
		Granulocytes should be transfused daily and at least a 4 day treatment is recommended with continuation after this time based upon clinical judgment and patient response.
	www.cordbloodforum.org /biblio/misc/ii_granulotf.html (2326 words)

	Granulocyte transfusions: an overlooked therapeutic modality (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Granulocyte transfusion procedures are performed only rarely at treatment centers, even those with active leukemia and/or bone marrow transplantation services.
		The author suggests that use of granulocyte transfusions was discontinued in the 1980s as a result of clinicians' failure to observe significant improvement in transfused pts, as well as because of the risk of toxicity of transfusion.
		The author recommends that at least 20 x 10(9) granulocytes, collected by continuous flow machines from a histocompatible steroid premedicated donor, be transfused daily or twice daily.
	www.meb.uni-bonn.de /cgi-bin/mycite?ExtRef=ICDB/92686455 (242 words)

	Granulocyte transfusions for treating infections in patients with neutropenia or neutrophil dysfunction
		Granulocyte transfusions for treating infections in patients with neutropenia or neutrophil dysfunction
		Patients whose granulocyte count is very low due to disease or the adverse effects from drug treatments, are at risk of serious infections which can cause death.
		Transfusions of granulocytes have a long history of usage in clinical practice to support and treat severe infection in high risk groups of patients with neutropenia or neutrophil dysfunction.
	www.cochrane.org /reviews/en/ab005339.html (666 words)

	February 1997 - Granulocyte Transfusion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Provision of granulocyte concentrates (GCs) is an involved process requiring selection, recruitment and scheduling of suitable donors, pretreatment of donors with corticosteroids to increase peripheral white blood cell count/granulocyte yield, collection by leukapheresis, and immediate transport to the transfusing facility.
		Clinical response correlates directly with the number of granulocytes transfused, and the quantity of granulocytes obtainable from normal donors may be only marginally effective in adults.
		Factors contributing to this high mortality are depletion of granulocyte stores and a reduction in chemotactic and bactericidal response of neonatal granulocytes seen with severe infection.
	www.itxm.org /TMU1997/tmu2-97.htm (847 words)

	Granulocyte Transfusion in the G-CSF Era: Thomas H. Price, MD; Medical Director, Puget Sound Blood Center; Professor of ...
		The importance of the granulocyte dose was suggested by the early uncontrolled trials; patients who received higher doses appeared to have a higher rate of response.
		Finally, a number of animal studies have shown that granulocyte dose was directly related to survival in a sepsis model and to the ability of granulocytes to migrate to the cerebrospinal fluid in a meningitis model.
		The evidence that provision of granulocytes from G-CSF stimulated donors is efficacious in clearing infection or prolonging patient survival is limited to that provided by case reports or small uncontrolled series.
	www.bbanys.org /0803.htm (1142 words)

	Cancer Control Journal:Infections in Oncology
		The level of enthusiasm for granulocyte transfusion support of the neutropenic patient led some to argue that controlled, clinical studies were no longer indicated and were perhaps unethical.[6,7] However, granulocyte transfusions have not been embraced by all, and in many quarters they have fallen into disrepute.
		The use of granulocyte transfusions in neonates has gained acceptance in many centers.[31,32] Several controlled studies indicate efficacy for granulocyte transfusions in the neonate with an overwhelming bacterial infection, but even this conclusion is controversial.[32-34] Again, small numbers of patients have limited the strength of the studies.
		Granulocyte transfusions in neonates with bacterial infection, neutropenia and depletion of mature marrow neutrophils.
	www.moffitt.org /moffittapps/ccj/v4n1/department5.html (5384 words)

	Blood
		Under the influence of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), they differentiate into neutrophils.
		consist of lymphocytes and monocytes with relatively clear cytoplasm, and three types of granulocytes, whose cytoplasm is filled with granules.
		There are several kinds of lymphocytes (although they all look alike under the microscope), each with different functions to perform.
	users.rcn.com /jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/B/Blood.html (2290 words)

	Granulocyte transfusions for neonates with confirmed or suspected sepsis and neutropaenia
		The primary objective of this review was to determine the efficacy and safety of granulocyte preparations (granulocyte and buffy coat transfusions) as adjuncts to antibiotics for the treatment of confirmed or suspected sepsis in neonates with neutropaenia in reducing all-cause mortality during hospital stay and adverse neurological outcome at a year of age or later.
		Secondary objectives were to determine the effects of granulocyte transfusions on length of hospital stay in survivors to discharge, adverse effects (fluid overload, transmission of blood borne infections, pulmonary complications and sensitisation to donor leukocyte antigens) and immunologic outcomes at a year of age or later.
		The interventions which were included were granulocyte preparations (granulocyte concentrates prepared by leukophoresis or buffy coat transfusions prepared by simple centrifugation of blood) at any dose or duration.
	www.cochrane.org /reviews/en/ab003956.html (890 words)

	Granulocyte transfusions for neonates with confirmed or suspected sepsis and neutropaenia
		Granulocytes are prepared in a concentrated form for transfusion to reduce the volume of the transfusion.
		Granulocyte concentrates are prepared by leukophoresis or by centrifugation of whole blood (buffy coats).
		To determine the efficacy and safety of granulocyte preparations (granulocyte and buffy coat transfusions) as adjunct to antibiotics for the treatment of confirmed or suspected sepsis in neonates with neutropaenia in reducing mortality during hospital stay and adverse neurological outcome at a year of age or later.
	www.nichd.nih.gov /cochrane/mohan3/mohan.htm (6827 words)

	Effect of leukocyte compatibility on neutrophil increment after transfusion of granulocyte colony-stimulating ...
		Adverse reactions to granulocyte transfusions occurred in 3 of the 23 evaluable recipients.
		Determinants of the efficacy of prophylactic granulocyte transfusions: a meta-analysis.
		Transfusions of granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor-mobilized granulocyte components to allogeneic transplant recipients: analysis of kinetics and factors determining posttransfusion neutrophil and platelet counts.
	www.bloodjournal.org /cgi/content/full/95/11/3605 (5460 words)

	Granulocyte Transfusions for Severe Infections after HSCT
		Neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leukocytes or granulocytes) are an important component of host defense against opportunistic bacterial and fungal infections.
		The possibility of enhancing host defenses via the infusion of neutrophils (often referred to as granulocyte transfusion therapy) from blood donors has been investigated for over 60 years, but has historically been limited by the low number of granulocytes that could be collected.
		Phase I/II studies of granulocyte transfusions for patients with severe infections during the neutropenic period after HSCT are ongoing, and will soon be superceded by a multicenter Phase III randomized controlled trial that will seek to prove that they are effective for this indication.
	www.fhcrc.org /science/clinical/id/research/gran_transfusions_hsct.htm?& (225 words)

	Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor - Free net encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) is a glycoprotein, growth factor or cytokine produced by a number of different tissues to stimulate the bone marrow to produce granulocytes.
		Mouse granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) was first recognised and purified in Australia in 1983, and the human form was cloned by groups from Japan and the U.S.A. in 1986.
		The G-CSF-receptor is present on precursor cells in the bone marrow, and, in response to stimulation by G-CSF, initiates proliferation and differentiation into mature granulocytes.
	www.netipedia.com /index.php/G-CSF (446 words)

	G-CSF for Granulocyte Donation
		People who donate granulocytes (infection-fighting white blood cells) for transfusion to patients with severe white cell deficiencies are often given a steroid called dexamethasone and a growth factor called G-CSF the day before donation.
		Details: The administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) to increase the white blood cell count in granulocyte donors prior to donation is becoming an increasingly common practice.
		The purpose of this study is to assess granulocyte counts in healthy subjects during an 8-hour period after a single 5 microgram/kg intravenous dose of G-CSF with or without dexamethasone.
	www.clinicaltrialssearch.org /gcsf_for_granulocyte_donation.html (934 words)

	Haemodialysis-induced pulmonary granulocyte sequestration in rabbits is organ specific -- van Teijlingen et al. 18 ...
		Depicted is the mean number of granulocytes per microscopic high power field of skeletal muscle (semi-membranosus) from HD rabbits in which the blood was either returned in the venous system (v-HD, n = 6) or the arterial system (a-HD, n = 7), and from time-matched controls (n = 6).
		Depicted is the mean number of granulocytes per microscopic high power field of hepatic tissue from HD rabbits in which the blood was either returned in the venous system (v-HD, n = 6) or the arterial system (a-HD, n = 7), and from time-matched controls (n = 6).
		Depicted is the mean number of granulocytes per microscopic high power field of left ventricular tissue from HD rabbits in which the blood was either returned in the venous system (v-HD, n = 6) or the arterial system (a-HD, n = 7), and in time-matched controls (n = 6).
	ndt.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/18/12/2589 (3859 words)

	Possible paracrine growth of adenocarcinoma of the stomach induced by granulocyte colony stimulating factor produced by ...
		Possible paracrine growth of adenocarcinoma of the stomach induced by granulocyte colony stimulating factor produced by squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus -- Ichiishi et al.
		Identification and characterization of receptors for granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on human placenta and trophoblastic cells.
		Granulocyte and granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factors induce human endothelial cells to migrate and proliferate.
	gut.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/46/3/432 (1579 words)

	Granulocyte definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Granulocyte: A type of white blood cell filled with microscopic granules that are little sacs containing enzymes, compounds that digest microorganisms.
		Granulocytes are part of the innate immune system and have somewhat nonspecific, broad-based activity.
		However, the classification of granulocytes into neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils is still widely used (and quite useful).
	www.medicinenet.com /script/main/art.asp?ArticleKey=8780 (250 words)

	Production of pluripotent granulocyte colony-stimulating factor - Patent 4810643
		It is believed that small amounts of certain hematopoietic growth factors account for the differentiation of a small number of progenitor "stem cells" into the variety of blood cell lines, for the tremendous proliferation of those lines, and for the ultimate differentiation of mature blood cells from those lines.
		Of note is the fact that one of the polymorphonuclear granulocytes still contained a prominent auer rod, suggesting that at least this cell represented a differentiated cell belonging to the leukemic clone.
		At the third day after implantation of the pumps, the mean granulocyte count of the four treated hamsters was six-fold higher than that of the three (buffer) controls and the increased granulocyte count was reflected in a four-fold increase in total lymphocytes.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4810643.html (12150 words)

	CBBS: Administration of GCSF to granulocyte donors by hospitals on behalf of blood centers
		An examination of the ethical issues raised in the pretreatment of normal volunteer granulocyte donors with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.
		The reason she is asking these questions is that her institution no longer has an IRB approved protocol for the stimulation of donors for granulocytes collection, since the institution's pathologist says that it is standard practice to do this stimulation.
		The inquiring colleague thinks that it is the standard of care to stimulate donors for stem cell harvest, but she cannot find this for granulocyte harvest.
	www.cbbsweb.org /enf/2004/gcsfstim.html (1417 words)

	Recombinant Murine Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor - CYT-222
		GM-CSF is able to stimulate the production of neutrophilic granulocytes, macrophages, and mixed granulocyte-macrophage colonies from bone marrow cells and can stimulate the formation of eosinophil colonies from fetal liver progenitor cells.
		An open-label trial of granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor therapy for moderate symptomatic pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.
		Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor mobilizes more dendritic cell subsets than granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor with no polarization of dendritic cell subsets in normal donors.
	www.prospec.co.il /~prospec/cart/catalog/rmGMCSF.html (522 words)

	Resistance to Recombinant Human Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor in Neonatal Alloimmune Neutropenia Associated ...
		Resistance to Recombinant Human Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor in Neonatal Alloimmune Neutropenia Associated With Anti-Human Neutrophil Antigen-2a (NB1) Antibodies -- Maheshwari et al.
		Treatment of alloimmune neonatal neutropenia with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.
		Recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor administration to healthy volunteers: induction of immunophenotypically and functionally altered neutrophils via an effect on myeloid progenitor cells.
	pediatrics.aappublications.org /cgi/content/full/109/4/e64 (1893 words)

	Clinical Trial: Prevalence and Risk of Cataracts in Granulocyte Donors
		This study will investigate whether people who donate granulocytes (a type of white blood cell) by leukapheresis are at increased risk of developing cataracts (changes in the lens of the eye that can impair vision).
		An increased prevalence of cataracts was recently described in a small number of granulocyte donors who had received repeated doses of adrenal corticosteroids as part of their mobilization regimen for granulocyte donation.
		To determine the prevalence of ophthalmologic abnormalities, particularly PSCs, in DTM granulocyte donors, we propose to perform a medical history and comprehensive blinded ophthalmologic examination on all consenting granulocyte donors.
	clinicaltrials.gov /ct/show/NCT00042627 (822 words)

	Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Serum and Urine Concentrations in Neutropenic Neonates Before and After ...
		Gillan E, Christensen R, Suen Y, Van de ven C, Cairo M A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor administration in newborn infants with presumed sepsis: significant induction of peripheral and bone marrow neutrophilia.
		Ericson S, Gao H, Gericke G, Lewis L The role of polymorphonuclear neutrophils in clearance of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in vivo and in vitro.
		Sturgill M, Huhn R, Drachtman R Pharmacokinetics of intravenous recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in children receiving myelosupressive cancer chemotherapy:clearance increases in relation to absolute neutrophil count with repeated dosing.
	pediatrics.aappublications.org /cgi/content/full/105/2/392 (3538 words)

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