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	Graphical Kernel System - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Graphical Kernel System (GKS) was the first ISO standard for low level computer graphics, introduced in 1977.
		GKS provides a set of low-level drawing features for two-dimensional line and vector graphics.
		The calls are designed to be portable across different programming languages, graphics devices and uses, so that applications written to use GKS will be readily portable to many platforms and devices.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/GKS (97 words)

	CGRM_IS
		Graphical output is generated by traversal, and display of graphics on a workstation is initiated by posting structures to a workstation.
		In each of these cases, the graphical operations that produce the content of these windows are conceptually requested by the associated application which usually delegates some or all of the work to the relevant graphics system.
		In the manipulation process of the windowing sub-environment, the window system identifies the client associated with the input data and creates input tokens which are sent to the logical environment of the computer graphics system which requests the input.
	www.gscassociates.com /pubs/CGRM_IS.html (8991 words)

	GKS - Graphical Kernel System
		(n.) the Graphics Kernel Standard; a graphics standard developed for pen plotters and now supported on a wide variety of pixel based devices.
		This software specification contains routines to perform standard graphical output; device input; metafile generation; graphical segment generation; manipulation, and transformation; as well as language bindings for FORTRAN, C and Pascal.
		Graphical Kernel System: a standard for graphics I/O (ANSI X3.124) -.
	www.auditmypc.com /acronym/GKS.asp (199 words)

	OPERATING SYSTEM - Definition
		The OS may be split into a kernel which is always present and various system programs which use facilities provided by the kernel to perform higher-level house-keeping tasks, often acting as servers in a client-server relationship.
		The operating system loader, BIOS, or other firmware required at boot time or when installing the operating system would generally not be considered part of the operating system, though this distinction is unclear in the case of a rommable operating system such as RISC OS.
		The facilities an operating system provides and its general design philosophy exert an extremely strong influence on programming style and on the technical cultures that grow up around the machines on which it runs.
	www.hyperdictionary.com /computing/operating+system (162 words)

	[No title]
		Form T136-0594 GKS-BIND.TXT Available Ada Bindings Graphical Kernel System (GKS) 4.1 Description and standardization efforts The Graphical Kernel System (GKS) is an American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standard graphics library, and a superset of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard graphics library.
		Title: Graphic Kernel System (GKS) This is the Graphical Kernel System (GKS) implemented in Ada.
		Graphic Kernel System (GKS) provides a set of strictly defined graphical procedures which serve as an interface between an application program and physical graphics devices.
	archive.adaic.com /tools/bindings/GKS/GKS-bindings.txt (1261 words)

	TRM 4.8 Graphics Services (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Graphics Services provide interfaces for programming two- and three-dimensional graphics in a device-independent manner.
		It provides interfaces to two-dimensional graphical objects to be displayed or plotted on raster or vector graphics devices.
		Standard Overview: GKS provides a language to program two-dimensional graphical objects that will be displayed or plotted on appropriate devices (raster and vector graphics devices).
	www.uspto.gov /go/cio/trm/trm4-8.htm (104 words)

	Chief Information Officer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The system standard for GKS allows graphics application programs to be easily transported between installations.
		The standard aids manufacturers of graphics equipment by serving as a guideline for identifying useful combinations of graphic capabilities in a device.
		Confusion of incompatibility, common with operating systems and programming languages, is avoided because of the specified well-defined functions and names.
	cio.doe.gov /ITReform/ArchitectureStandards/standards/stdsdesc.cfm?Id=3 (315 words)

	graphic from FOLDOC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The program displays certain icons, buttons, dialogue boxes, etc. in its windows on the screen and the user controls it mainly by moving a pointer on the screen (typically controlled by a mouse) and selecting certain objects by pressing buttons on the mouse while the pointer is pointing at them.
		, language> (GLOS) A language with statements for describing graphics objects (line, circle, polygon, etc.), written by Michael J McLean and Brian Hicks at the University of Queensland, St. Lucia in 1978.
		A graphic workstation is very similar to a CAD workstation and, given the typical specifications of personal computers currently available in 1999, the distinctions are very blurred and are more likely to depend on availability of specific software than any detailed hardware requirements.
	www.bonus.com /contour/compdict/http@@/foldoc.doc.ic.ac.uk/foldoc/foldoc.cgi?graphic (1138 words)

	The Linux System Administrator's Guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		An operating system can also contain compilers and their corresponding libraries (GCC and the C library in particular under Linux), although not all programming languages need be part of the operating system.
		Most operating systems have their own, and it can be a good idea to use each operating system's own, just in case it does something unusual that the others can't.
		system call; check the manual page), which means that the filesystem just pretends that at a particular place in the file there is just zero bytes, but no actual disk sectors are reserved for that place in the file (this means that the file will use a bit less disk space).
	www.linux.org.au /LDP/LDP/sag/html/sag.html (13746 words)

	Graphical Kernel System Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Graphical Kernel System Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography
		Looking For graphical kernel system - Find graphical kernel system and more at Lycos Search.
		Find graphical kernel system - Your relevant result is a click away!
	www.somethingpersonal.com /encyclopedia/Graphical_Kernel_System (305 words)

	AtheOS - free alternate operating system (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		AtheOS is a free desktop operating system under the GPL license.
		The GUI is server/client like X11 but communicate through the native messaging system and the protocol is private to the server and client library and entirely hidden from the applications.
		It provides threads and processes with several powerful communication systems that makes it easy, efficient and safe to create server/client implementations where both the server and the client run on the same machine.
	www.atheos.cx (587 words)

	What is GKS (the Graphical Kernel System)
		The Graphical Kernel System (GKS) [2] is a document produced by the International Standards Organization (ISO) which defines a common interface to interactive computer graphics for application programs.
		The reason input level 'c' is not usually supported is that it requires asynchronous input facilities not found in all operating systems.
		The Graphical Kernel System for two dimensional graphics was adopted as an ISO standard in 1985, and since that date work has been in progress to define a three dimensional super-set [3] which was accepted as an International Standard during 1988.
	wwwasdoc.web.cern.ch /wwwasdoc/gks_html3/node6.html (410 words)

	The Graphical Kernel System (GKS) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It provides a standard system of basic functions for graphical data processing in the area of two-dimensional line and raster graphics.
		Graphics information generated by a GKS program may be stored in a metafile.
		Because the HP plotter is a queued device, graphics output must be directed to a file which is then submitted via the HPLOT command.
	www.mech-eng.leeds.ac.uk /www_vms/vun43.html (772 words)

	Installation In Detail (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It is possible for a DOS/Windows system using IDE hard drive(s) and CD ROM to be functional even with the master/slave jumpers on the drives incorrectly set.
		Nowadays there are partitioning utilities that can resize non-destructively; they know about the structure of file systems, can find the free space on a file system, and can move file data around on the partition to move free space where it needs to be in order for a resize to work properly.
		What's actually happening here is this: the boot disk provides a miniature operating system which (because the hard drive isn't prepared) uses a portion of your RAM as a virtual disk (called, logically enough, a `ramdisk').
	www.tuxfinder.com /LDP/HOWTO/Installation-HOWTO/details.html (4797 words)

	Summary of GRAPH (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		NAME graph - Interface to Graphical Kernel System (GKS) ABSTRACT The GRAPH library contains a set of routines that have been used to generate a range of plots in hydrologic applications.
		Graphics include time plots at scales of minutes to years, x-y plots, and probability plots.
		The library was developed using the Graphical Kernel System (GKS) standard to provide portability.
	water.usgs.gov /cgi-bin/man_wrdapp?graph(1) (217 words)

	Publication Details - AS 3656-1989 Computer graphics - Graphical Kernel System for three dimensions (GKS-3D) functional ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		GKS-3D is a basic graphics system for applications that produce computer generated three dimensional pictures on graphics output devices.
		It supports operator input and interaction by supplying basic functions for graphical input and picture segmentation.
		Specifies a set of functions for computer graphics programming, the Graphical Kernel System for three dimensions (GKS-3D).
	www.standards.com.au /Catalogue/script/Details.asp?DocN=stds000004801 (623 words)

	Introduction
		As a matter of policy, a recommendation was made by HEPCCC to base future HEP computer graphics applications on the ISO standard Graphical Kernel System, GKS [2] and GKS-3D [3].
		These have been installed on all the major CERN operating systems (VM/CMS, UNICOS, VMS, AEGIS and UNIX) and the contract with GTS-GRAL includes provision for institutes affiliated to CERN to obtain a licence for the use of the software at very favourable rates.
		Users should be aware of the implications in testing and maintenance work which has to be carried out on the very large number of operating-system/driver combinations.
	wwwasdoc.web.cern.ch /wwwasdoc/gks_html3/node5.html (175 words)

	Graphical Kernel System - netlexikon
		Graphical Kernel System (GKS) war der erste ISO-Standard für Computer-Grafik, er wurde 1977 eingeführt.
		In Deutschland ist er nach DIN 66252 geregelt.
		Es handelt sich beim Graphical Kernel System ein Application Programming Interface für zwei-dimensionale Linear- und Vektorgrafiken, entwickelt unabhängig von Plattform und Programmiersprache.
	www.lexikon-definition.de /Graphical-Kernel-System.html (123 words)

	GRAPHICAL KERNEL SYSTEM - Definition
		GKS is worked on by the ISO/IEC group JTC1/SC24.
		GKS defines a basic two-dimensional graphics system with: uniform input and output primitives; a uniform interface to and from a GKS metafile for storing and transferring graphics information.
		It supports a wide range of graphics output devices including such as printers, plotters, vector graphics devices, storage tubes, refresh displays, raster displays, and microfilm recorders.
	www.hyperdictionary.com /computing/graphical+kernel+system (115 words)

	ACRO.IT: GKS - Graphical Kernel System
		All editorial content and graphics on this site are protected by U.S. copyright and international treaties and may not be copied without the express permission of ACRO.IT, which reserves all rights.
		Re-use of any of ACRO.IT's editorial content and graphics online for any purpose is strictly prohibited.
		While every effort is made to ensure that accurate information is disseminated through this medium, ACRO.IT makes no representation about the content and suitability of this information for any purpose.
	www.acro.it /GKS.html (163 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations
		GKS (the Graphical Kernel System) is both an American National Standard (ANS) and an ISO international standard graphics package.
		It conforms to ANS X3.124-1985 and to the May 1985 draft proposal for the GKS C Language Binding standard under development by the X3H3 Technical Committee.
		The following graphics capabilities are supported: two-dimensional lines, markers, text, and filled areas; control over color, line type, and character height and alignment; multiple simultaneous workstations and multiple transformations; and locator and choice input.
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=140182 (337 words)

	Hughes 1989 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It starts by presenting the Kernal System and it's functionality and further goes on to impliment a program using the System.
		Once again it seems this thesis involved quite a bit of work and does not follow the guidelines by which we are reviewing our thesis.
		The most important for me is the way in which the Kernal System attempts to be portable accross different platforms.
	kdat.csc.calpoly.edu /~iweiny/590/hughes.html (221 words)

	Ada and Software Engineering Library Card Catalog Entry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Ada System Certifier_1 1.0 Date/Time of Processing: Thursday 26 May 1994 12:09:40Pm Overall Assessment of System: OK Classification of System: A Basis of Classification -- Syntax Errors PASS Completeness PASS Independence from External Libraries PASS Independence from a Specific Ada Compiler PASS Number of...
		GKS is an international standard that describes high-level graphics functions, which enable a programmer to write sophisticated graphics programs without learning the scheme for describing graphics on a particular hardware device.
		In no event shall any person or organization of people be held responsible for any direct, indirect, consequential or inconsequential damages or lost profits.
	unicoi.kennesaw.edu /ase/ase02_02/cardcat/gks.htm (399 words)

	Find in a Library: Graphical Kernel System (GKS).
		Subjects: Computer graphics -- Standards -- United States.
		GKS (Computer system) -- Standards -- United States.
		WorldCat is provided by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. on behalf of its member libraries.
	worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/ffa52ed8caf9b69fa19afeb4da09e526.html (79 words)

	Build a Secure System with LIDS
		The Linux Intrusion Detection System is a patch which enhances the kernel's security.
		When it is in installed, chosen files access, every system/network administration operations, any capability use, rawdevice, mem, and I/O access can be made impossible even for root.
		Ituses and extends the system capabilities bounding set to control the whole system and adds some network and filesystem security features in kernel to enhance the security.
	www.librenix.com /?inode=92 (154 words)

	Standards by Category
		This section is for standards that specify software-relevant elements of an input-output device or controller interface.
		Usually the interface is between system software and device hardware.
		This category is for standards that provide for the definition and interpretation of general graphic information.
	www.csee.wvu.edu /~jdm/research/portability/standards/idx-cat.html (440 words)

	Graphical Kernel System - Definition of Graphical Kernel System by Webster's Online Dictionary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Graphical Kernel System - Definition of Graphical Kernel System by Webster's Online Dictionary
		Graphical Kernel System - (GKS) The widely recognised standard ANSI X3.
		It provides applications programmers with standard methods of creating, manipulating, and displaying or printing computer graphics on different types of computer graphics output devices.
	www.webster-dictionary.org /definition/Graphical%20Kernel%20System (139 words)

	Publications
		Perrin, J. Lacey A, Laitt R, Jackson A, John N. "A Visualization System for the Clinical Evaluation of Cerebral Aneurysms from MRA Data", In: Short Presentations Proceedings Eurographics 2001, Manchester, September 2001.
		Hewitt, W.T. Towards a Graphics Standard for 3D (GKS-3D).
		Hewitt, W.T.; Hubbold, R.J.; Arnold, A.C. Raster Graphics at the University of Manchester.
	www.sve.man.ac.uk /mvc/General/Publications (3098 words)

	Standards Information Base (SIB) - details (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Information processing systems - Computer graphics and image processing - Graphical Kernel System (GKS)
		2-D and 3-D Graphics standard for Graphical Kernel System (GKS).
		If you can't find the information you need, please contact The Open Group at any of its offices.
	www.opengroup.org /sib/details.tpl?id=ISO_7941 (62 words)

	BITD - Graphical Kernel System (GKS) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		RAL-GKS is a Graphics Application Programmer's Library, which conforms to the ISO Graphics Kernel System standard (ISO 7942:1985 BS 6390:1985) and the Fortran Language Binding (ISO 8651-1:1988, BS 7040:Part1:1989).
		RAL-GKS is written in Fortran to support GKS implementation level 2b.
		The GKS User Guide is a beginner's guide to GKS, which can be used as a tutorial and contains many examples of GKS Programs....
	www.cis.rl.ac.uk /Activity/RAL-GKS (126 words)

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