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Topic: Graphite cyanate ester

	Thermoset composition comprising aromatic cyanate ester, allyl ethers of bisphenol and bismaleimide - Patent 4774282
		% of a mixture of a cyanate ester and a bismaleimide;
		% of a mixture of a cyanate ester and a bismaleimide in a wt.
		The cyanate ester component of the curable compositions of the present invention is a polymerizable aromatic cyanate ester compound having a plurality of cyanate ester groups per molecule.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4774282.html (4249 words)

	Bennett Optical Research -- an introduction
		The composite mirrors are made of many prepreg layers consisting of cyanate ester impregnated with high-strength graphite in the ratio of 1:2.
		The composite mirrors are built up of multiple prepreg layers consisting of cyanate ester impregnated with high-strength graphite fibers, which have a negative expansion coefficient in one crystalline direction.
		The ratio by weight of graphite to ester is 2:1.
	www.bennettopticalresearch.com /objectives.html (317 words)

	ZoomInfo Web Summary: Aldila , Inc. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Aldila is a leader among manufacturers of high performance graphite golf shafts used in clubs assembled and marketed throughout the world by major golf club companies, component distributors and custom clubmakers.
		Graphite shafts were introduced in the early 1970's as the first major improvement in golf shaft technology since steel replaced wood in the 1930's.
		Graphite shaft technology has subsequently improved so that shafts can now be designed for golfers at all skill levels.
	www.zoominfo.com /search/CompanyDetail.aspx?CompanyID=1836433&cs=QEHAWRLw (377 words)

	Resin, resin precursor, rubber, or hardenable oil containing coating - Patent Storm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Cyanate ester films that promote plating adhesion to cyanate ester graphite...
		A method is provided for preparing the surface of a cyanate ester resin composite for metal plating.
		More particularly, a layer consisting essentially of cyanate ester resin is applied to the surface of the composite.
	www.patentstorm.us /class/427/340-Resin,_resin_precursor,_rubber,_or_hardenable_oil_containing_coating.html (3453 words)

	Highly Conducting Graphite Epoxy Composite
		Intercalation is the insertion of guest atoms or molecules between the carbon planes of the graphite fibers.
		Laminar composites were hand laid up with the graphite fibers and two different resins, a room temperature epoxy and a cyanate ester resin with a cure temperature of 175 °C. The resistivity of the resulting composites was 200±25
		The fibers in the cyanate ester composites did not appear to lose conductivity even though the cure temperature was well above the temperature at which the fibers lost conductivity in air.
	www.grc.nasa.gov /WWW/RT1998/5000/5480gaier.html (499 words)

	Pultrusion Research Abstracts - University of Mississippi CMRG (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The objective of the present study was to examine the feasibility of pultruding a high temperature/high performance cyanate ester resin.
		To the authors' knowledge, the cyanate ester resin has never been pultruded by any other group, and thus this was considered a major developmental effort.
		Since the chosen cyanate ester resin (AroCy L-10 produced by Ciba-Geigy) had never been pultruded, a large amount of preliminary work was required to determine the composition of the resin suitable for pultrusion and also the temperature at which it could be pultruded.
	www.olemiss.edu /depts/compmatl/abstract/abst061.html (196 words)

	Composite Materials, Laminating Graphite Prepreg / High Temperature Data Sheet L-956
		L-956 is moisture resistant and has excellent compatibility with graphite epoxy systems as a load transfer medium into adjacent metallic structure.
		In addition, a layer of L-556 may be used to provide softening of graphite to metal joints where local loads need to be distributed to avoid local metal overload failure.
		It is recommended that the user develop his own application techniques and generate data consistent with his specific application and process.
	www.jdlincoln.com /L_956_laminating_graphite_prepreg_1.html (386 words)

	Laser Focus World - Telescope mirrors successfully lose weight (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Composite replica mirrors--built with both the familiar graphite epoxy materials and newer graphite-cyanate-ester-resin composites--differ in that they combine extreme light weight with superb surface smoothness, something that had eluded earlier developmental efforts by the major space agencies.
		Traditional lay-up techniques cannot produce smooth optical surfaces because the graphite fibers needed for stiffness and strength impart a rough texture to the surface that scatters light and causes errors in the optical figure.
		To overcome print-through of the graphite fibers, a very thin layer of resin is introduced between the preimpregnated material and the mandrel; after curing, the resin layer becomes the optical surface.
	lfw.pennnet.com /Articles/Article_Display.cfm?Article_ID=26373&CFID=8598454&CFTOKEN=97000199 (1507 words)

	MESSENGER - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The total mass of the spacecraft is 1,093 kg, 607.8 kg of this is propellant and helium.
		The structure is primarily graphite cyanate ester (GrCE) composite and consists of two vertical panels which support two large fuel tanks and two vertical panels which support the oxidizer tank and plumbing panel.
		The four vertical panels make up the center column and are bolted at their aft ends to an aluminum adapter.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/MESSENGER (1390 words)

	Compositesworld.com - Designing for dimensional stability in space - July 2005
		The front reflector shell is a thin Kevlar sandwich structure, with skins consisting of two to three plies of 32 percent resin content, 120-style Kevlar49/RS-12M cyanate ester prepreg (YLA Advanced Composite Materials, Benicia, Calif.) and a 6-mm/0.25-inch KOREX aramid phenolic honeycomb core from DuPont Advanced Fiber Systems (Richmond, Va.).
		Cyanate ester resin is used for its low moisture absorption, resistance to microcracking (which can occur from thermal cycling), good service temperature and low dielectric properties.
		The laminates were layed up on monolithic graphite molds supplied by Coast Composites Inc. (Irvine, Calif.), and vacuum bag cured.
	www.compositesworld.com /hpc/issues/2005/July/920 (2185 words)

	[No title]
		Included are short term effects (such as the stability of the metering structure due to thermal variations during a single orbit); long term effects (such as moisture desorption from the graphite/cyanate ester structure and gravity release); and installation tolerances.
		It is expected that once initial coalignment is attained on orbit, the mirror mechanisms will be operated infrequently (monthly), while the FPA may be adjusted as often as once per orbit.
		A graphite/cyanate ester structure is used to support the optical components.
	fuse.pha.jhu.edu /papers/technical/spie2863/2863-04.html (3053 words)

	PMIC - Emissivity, TK, Thermal Diffusivity and Specific Heat testing laboratory. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		For the specific heat measurement, the reference sample with the known specific heat and the sample to be measured are surface painted with a layer of graphite so that they have the same total hemispherical emittance dependence of the temperature.
		When doing test, the sample is thermally isolated from its surroundings so that all heat transfer to and from it is by radiation.
		The accuracies of all these measurements are assured by system calibrations using NIST supplied Stainless Steel, Graphite, Iron, Aluminum and other standard reference materials, such as code CRM 039 Pyrex Glass from IRMM in Geel, Belgium.
	www.pmiclab.com /wolffe/testing/specific_heat (692 words)

	ESSCO - Radomes and Antennas - Specialty Radome and Reflector Applications
		ESSCO advanced composites and special products are made from reinforcements such as fiberglass, quartz, graphite and Kevlar® along with matrices such as polyester, epoxies and cyanate ester.
		We also use core materials such as honeycomb (e.g., fiberglass, aluminum and graphite) and foams (e.g., polyisocyanate and thermo-formable cores).
		Depending on the application, these parts are oven-cured at temperatures up to 400ºF or in autoclaves, which require high-pressure cures at high temperatures.
	www.l-3com.com /essco/products/specialtyreflector.html (415 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The barrel shell, or tube, structure is assumed to be constructed of high modulus (HM) graphite fiber (E=420 GPa) in a cyanate ester resin matrix, with 8 plies arranged in a quasi-isotropic manner ([0/90/+45/-45]S).
		The forward shells are composed of either HM graphite or quartz glass fiber; the later gives a quasi-isotropic modulus of 21 GPa given a fiber modulus of 91 GPa.
		The flange is first investigated as a molded and machined PEEK (polyethyletherketone) structure, and then later as a carbon structure comprised of quasi-isotropic ultra high modulus (UHM) graphite (E=560 GPa) in a cyanate ester matrix, resulting in a bulk modulus of 126 GPa.
	www-physics.lbl.gov /~gilg/PST/FEASummary.doc (3874 words)

	CYTEC >> Engineered Materials (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		ThermalGraph panels are made of oriented, pitch-based graphite fibers which give them extremely high unidirectional thermal conductivity.
		Properties of Panels Infiltrated with Cyanate Ester esin
		This bulletin describes a new or experimental product and is not to be construed as a commitment by Cytec Carbon Fibers LLC to commercially produce this product.
	www.cytec.com /business/EngineeredMaterials/CFInternet/cfThermalGraph8000X.shtm (308 words)

	ITT - Welcome to Space Systems Division (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Generated an extensive database of the most advanced composite materials, including graphite and boron fibers, cyanate siloxane, cyanate ester and epoxy resins.
		Co-developed Cyanate Siloxane 996 resin with Hexcel Satellite Products for optical metering structures that require a low moisture absorbing material.
		Developed and patented Hybrid Laminate Technology, which delivers 1-d laminates with zero CTE and zero CME, and 2-d laminates with zero CTE in all in-plane directions.
	www.ssd.itt.com /sss/optics/sys/sys-precision.shtml (648 words)

	Super Lightweight Telescopes For Earth, Space and the Moon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		By 'super lightweight' we refer, for example, to a 0.6 m mirror for space projects that weighs less than 1.5 kg, and to a 0.9 m mirror for ground-based applications that weighs less than 5 kg.
		The mirrors are made by optical replication using graphite fiber cyanate ester composite materials.
		In contrast to other lightweight optics technologies, composite replica mirrors are far simpler in structure, lighter, faster to produce, and cost much less.
	www.aas.org /publications/baas/v30n2/aas192/abs/S014001.html (163 words)

	Pultrusion Publications - University of Mississippi CMRG
		Chachad, Yatin R., Jeffrey A. Roux, James G. Vaughan, Ellen Lackey, and Adel Hassouneh, "Temperature and Degree of Cure Modeling for the Pultrusion of Graphite Composites," 48th Annual Conference, Composites Institute, SPI, 48, February 8-11, 21C:1-7, 1993.
		Blount, Kenneth Ralph, "The Effects of Processing Parameters on the Mechanical Properties of Various Graphite and Fiberglass Epoxy Systems," Master Thesis, University of Mississippi, August, 1-122, 1995.
		Chachad, Yatin Ratishi, "Thermal Characterization for Three-Dimensional Irregular Shaped Graphite and Fiberglass Epoxy Based Pultruded Composites," Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Mississippi, August, 1-228, 1995.
	www.olemiss.edu /depts/compmatl/publication.html (3934 words)

	Frontier Status Report #24
		The new vehicle will be able to carry as many as 6 returning astronauts and be able to land automatically in case the crew is incapacitated.
		The X-38 vehicle will have an aluminum structure with a shell of graphite-cyanate ester epoxy.
		It will use improved shuttle-derived blankets and tiles for thermal protection.
	www.asi.org /adb/06/09/07/1996/fs-19961114.html (1282 words)

	ESSCO - Radomes and Antennas - Shipboard Radomes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		ESSCO shipboard radomes are used in naval radar applications, high-data-rate communications systems, gun fire control systems, satellite communications, and weather radar and telemetry applications.
		Our shipboard radomes are made from a variety of reinforcements, including fiberglass, quartz, graphite and Kevlar®, along with matrices such as polyester, epoxies and cyanate ester.
		We also use core materials such as honeycomb and foams (e.g., polyisocyanate and thermo-formable cores).
	www.esscoradomes.com /products/shipboard.html (338 words)

	Abstracts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		We report on the development and status of a new mirror technology and discuss its relevance to extremely large telescopes (ELTs).
		High quality, extremely lightweight telescope mirrors are now being made by replication using graphite fiber reinforced composite (GFRC) materials, a term which includes both graphite epoxy and graphite cyanate ester.
		GFRC mirrors are radically different from their glass counterparts and present telescope designers with many new options, opportunities, and challenges.
	www.astro.lu.se /Localevents/ELT/abstracts.html (6446 words)

	Executive Jobs and Recruiters: Manager
		Key responsibilities were to provide advice pertaining to polymer-related issues in polymer-matrix composites, participate in drafting proposals for Small Business Innovative Research Grants (SBIR), design laboratory studies, develop testing procedures, train laboratory personnel, present and document results.
		Composites were designed by optimizing combinations of polymer matrices such as cyanate ester resin, and reinforcements such as graphite fibers.
		Resin matrix formulations were optimized via designed kinetic studies of gel point.
	www.ritesite.com /12709.cfm (958 words)

	Scanning Tomographical Imaging Telescope
		Composite mirrors comprising hybrid fibres would be ideal for the deformable mirrors of the STII.
		For example, mirror construction using together graphite, glass and kevlar fibres with an epoxy and cyanate ester matrix results in a highly stable orbital reflector lighter than glass at only 1.8 Mg/m3 and already proven in practice (
		The high-modulus graphite fibres would be oriented parallel to the axis of curvature of the reflectors.
	www.pages.drexel.edu /~garfinkm/Scope.html (6564 words)

	Lunar Telescopes
		The Goddard design as shown in the picture below is an experimental telescope that weighs about the same as the two month old kitten named Pacobel on the right.
		It is composed of a graphite fiber cyanate ester resin composite which is very lightweight.
		Ultra-lightweight composite mirrors could reduce the cost of an unmanned telescope on the Moon from $1 billion dollars to as low as $50 million.
	www.isset.org /nasa/tss/aerospacescholars.org/scholars/earthstationmoon/Unit6/Unit6_ch2.htm (1280 words)

	Code 6120 Other Publications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		"Fluoromethylene Cyanate Ester Resins", Proceedings of the American Chemical Society National Meeting, PMSE Preprints, 74, 55 (1996)
		"Fluoromethylene Cyanate Ester Resins", Fluoropolymers 1: Synthesis, edited by Hougham et al., Plenum Press, New York, Chapter 2, pp.
		"Cyanate Ester Resins with Low Dielectric Properties and Applications", Chapter 4, Handbook of Low and High Dielectric Constant Materials and Their Applications, 1, Academic, Press, Chapter 4, pp.
	chemistry.nrl.navy.mil /6120/other.php (8455 words)

	Pittman's Publications
		"Synthesis, Morphology and Viscoelastic Properties of Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane Nanocomposites with Epoxy and Cyanate Ester Matrices, H.-S. Cho, K. Liang, S. Chatterjee and C. Pittman, Jr., accepted J.
		-Substituted Esters: Experimental and Theoretical Studies," L. Li, J. Jiang, J. Ren, Y. Ren, C. Pittman, Jr.
		"Shielding Effectiveness of Vapor Grown Carbon Nanofiber/Vinyl Ester Composites," J. Donohoe and C. Pittman, Jr., EMC Europe 2004, International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Sept. 6-10, Eindhoven, Netherlands, Vol.
	www.msstate.edu /dept/chemistry/pubs-cp1.htm (12202 words)

	Table of contents for Reactive polymers
		82 2.2.1.6 Synthesis of Urethanes via Carbonate Esters.
		365 10 Cyanate Ester Resins 369 10.1 History.
		386 10.7.6 Coupling Agents for Cyanate Ester Resins.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/toc/ecip059/2005007686.html (675 words)

	Structural Materials
		Buckytubes are extremely slippery, so they contribute little to the strength of the composite material unless they are least one centimeter long.
		Brad Edwards claims that cyanate ester is the best matrix (glue) for a buckytube composite used in outer space because it is resistant to atomic oxygen, gamma radiation, and charged particles.
		Cheap, long buckytubes would make skyhook and geomagnetic levitation practicable.
	www.islandone.org /LEOBiblio/SPBI1MA.HTM (654 words)

	Patents 6080700 - 6080952
		Patent 6080707: Crystalline hydroxy waxes as oil in water stabilizers for skin cleansing liquid composition
		Patent 6080836: Cyanate ester films that promote plating adhesion to cyanate ester graphite composites
		Patent 6080855: 2-isocephem and oxacephem derivatives and use as antibacterial agents
	www.everypatent.com /idx/pdir2880.html (6276 words)

	BGF Industries, Inc (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		625 Acid resistance consisting of acid resistant polymers/PTFE/silicone oils, graphite
		627 A silane finish compatible with polyester and vinyl ester resins.
		FR-4 epoxy but also recommended for polyimide, BT, and Cyanate Ester.
	www.bgf.com /techRefFiberGlass.asp (564 words)

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