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Topic: Grass Skippers

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	Grass Skippers
		This skipper has a G3 Nature Conservancy Global Rank, meaning it is "very rare or local throughout its range or found locally within a restricted range" or "threatened throughout its range." It appears to fall in the limited range category, i.e., swamps in a particular coastal area.
		Grass skippers are small and not very showy on the whole.
		The grass skippers are especially hard to identify because of the reason that they're also known as "folded-wing" skippers: they typically put their forewings together and fold their hind wings over them, greatly reducing visibility.
	www.dpughphoto.com /new_page_1.htm (900 words)

	Skipper (butterfly)
		The skippers are usually counted as butterflies, but they are somewhat intermediate between the rest of the butterflies and the remaining Lepidoptera, the moths.
		Skippers are classified in the superfamily Hesperioidea, which includes only one family, the Hesperiidae.
		Skippers have the antennaee clubs hooked backward, have stocky bodies, and possess stronger wing muscles and better eyes.
	www.casimiro.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/s/sk/skipper__butterfly_.html (213 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Skipper (butterfly)
		The skippers are usually counted as butterflies, but they are somewhat intermediate between the rest of the butterflies and the remaining Lepidoptera, the moths.
		Skippers are classified in the superfamily Hesperioidea, which includes only one family, the Hesperiidae.
		Skippers have the antennae clubs hooked backward, have stocky bodies, and possess stronger wing muscles and better eyes.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Skipper_%28butterfly%29 (356 words)

	Subfamily Hesperiinae - Grass Skippers - BugGuide.Net
		Home » Guide » Arthropods (Arthropoda) »; Hexapods (Hexapoda) » Insects (Insecta) »; Winged Insects (Pterygota) » Butterflies and Moths (Lepidoptera) »; Butterflies (Papilionoidea) » Skippers (Hesperiidae) »; Grass Skippers (Hesperiinae)
		Larval foodplants of most Hesperiinae are grasses and sedges.
		Larvae typically live in nests feeding mostly at night.
	bugguide.net /node/view/12855 (182 words)

	Skipper Butterfly Photo Gallery - Cirrus Digital Imaging
		Skippers are named for their rapid, erratic flight.
		Skippers differ from the true butterflies in their proportionately larger bodies, smaller wings, and hooked antennae, among many other structural differences.
		Grass Skippers, subfamily Hesperiinae constitute the largest grouping, and perhaps the most challenging for those seeking to identify specimens.
	www.cirrusimage.com /skipper_photos.htm (380 words)

	Berkeley Daily Planet
		Skippers are those small, mostly brown, hyperactive butterflies you may have noticed dashing around your flower bed and passed off as some kind of day-flying moth.
		Skipper caterpillars are modest-looking creatures, without the horns and bristles of some butterfly and moth larvae.
		Skipper caterpillars, as first described by an entomologist named F. Frohawk in 1892, eject their frass from their leaf-tube nests with impressive velocity and range.
	www.berkeleydaily.org /text/article.cfm?issue=09-21-04&storyID=19694 (878 words)

	Skippers
		Skippers derive their name from their characteristic rapid darting flight.
		They are distinguishable from the true butterflies by their relatively large bodies (compared to their wings), their relatively small angular wings, and by the presence of a thin extension of the antennal club.
		There are three subfamilies of skippers in our area: spread-winged skippers, grass skippers, and intermediate skippers.
	www.zinnysworld.com /skippers.htm (59 words)

	Harpalus Skipper
		Skippers are divided into giant skipper, grass skipper, shrub skipper and mimic skipper families.
		Belonging to the geographically varied genus of Holarctic Grass Skippers, this regional subspecies is found on the Eastern slopes of the Sierra Nevada Mountains in California.
		This group of skippers feed on grasses and the caterpillars live in nests constructed from rolled leaves.
	www.insects.org /entophiles/lepidoptera/lepi_011.html (119 words)

	SDNHM - Fiery Skipper, Hylephila phyleus
		The Fiery Skipper belongs to the subfamily Herperiinae, or Grass Skippers.
		Generally distinguishable by their large bodies relative to their wings, Skippers are also characterized (as their name suggests) by their rapid, darting flight.
		The caterpillars are densely covered with short hairs and are distinguishable by their relatively large, dark heads, which look to be segmented from their bodies.
	www.sdnhm.org /fieldguide/inverts/fieryskipper.html (344 words)

	Family Hesperiidae
		The family is known as the Skippers because the butterflies exhibit a rapid, erratic ("skipping") flight pattern.
		The Skippers of Idaho represent three subfamilies, the Pyrginae (Spread-Winged Skippers), the Hesperiinae (Grass Skippers), and the Heteropterinae (Skipperlings).
		Caterpillars generally are green with tapered bodies, often live in shelters constructed with leaves and silk, and frequently are the stage which overwinters.
	imnh.isu.edu /digitalatlas/bio/insects/butrfly/famhesp/famhes.htm (226 words)

	EPA: Federal Register: Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Emergency Rule To List the Carson Wandering ...
		The Carson wandering skipper (Pseudocopaeodes eunus obscurus) is locally distributed in grassland habitats on alkaline substrates in eastern California and western Nevada.
		Salt grass usually occurs where the water table is high enough to keep its roots saturated for most of the year (West 1988, as cited in Brussard et al.
		The primary cause of the decline of the Carson wandering skipper is loss of salt grass and wetland habitats from human activities, primarily agricultural uses and development.
	www.epa.gov /fedrgstr/EPA-SPECIES/2001/November/Day-29/e29614.htm (8046 words)

	Butterflies
		Skippers are small- to medium-sized, differing from other butterflies in having larger bodies in proportion to the wings.
		To some people, skippers resemble moths, being hairier and more robust and generally lacking the gaudy colors and patterns of the other butterfly families.
		One common garden species, the fiery skipper (Hylephila phyleus), eats Bermuda grass and is common around desert lawns.
	www.desertmuseum.org /books/nhsd_butterflies.html (2086 words)

	Echinochloa muricata wiegandii (Barnyard Grass)
		The outer surfaces of the second glume and sterile lemma have several longitudinal nerves that are slender and dark green; each nerve has a row of bristly hairs, while the surface between the nerves is light green and hairless to slightly pubescent.
		In this variety of Barnyard Grass, the tips of the second glume and sterile lemma are slender and pointed; sometimes the sterile lemma has an awn up to 3 mm.
		Barnyard Grass is edible to cattle, although high nitrates in the foliage may cause bloat if it is eaten in quantity.
	www.illinoiswildflowers.info /grasses/plants/awnless_barnyard.htm (713 words)

	Butterfly21/2 Photo \| TrekNature
		A very beautiful little skipper and in addition to that perfectly I am photographed, likes much the resistance, clearness and good profundiad focal that you obtained.
		this is an excellent portrait of a skipper in its typical resting pose.
		Excellent details, perfect point of view to make both sides of wings visible, perfect depth of field to cover all the details of the skipper, beautiful light to highlight the shapes of wings, body, and leaf, and to cast a funny looking shade in front of the insect.
	www.treknature.com /gallery/Asia/Thailand/photo91720.htm (974 words)

	Dakota Skipper Questions and Answers
		Dakota skippers are small to medium-sized butterflies with a wingspan of about one inch and hooked antennae.
		They occur only in high-quality, native tallgrass and mixed grass prairie from Minnesota to Saskatchewan and are presumed to be extirpated (made extinct) in both Illinois and Iowa.
		Dakota skippers, for example, can survive only on high-quality native prairie, one of North America's most endangered ecosystems, and are noteworthy components of the prairie's biological diversity.
	www.fws.gov /Midwest/Endangered/insects/dask-q&a.html (1253 words)

	EPA: Federal Register: Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Determination of Endangered Status for the Carson ...
		Adults of all the species in the grass skipper subfamily seem to visit flowers, and sap-feeding is absent or rare (Scott 1986).
		Many stated that grazing was not a threat to the Carson wandering skipper because salt grass was resistant to grazing and trampling by livestock.
		Because information relevant to the specific biological needs of the Carson wandering skipper is not currently available, we are unable to adequately perform the analysis required to designate critical habitat and therefore, we find that critical habitat for the Carson wandering skipper is not determinable at this time.
	www.epa.gov /fedrgstr/EPA-IMPACT/2002/August/Day-07/i20007.htm (13032 words)

	Action plan for Carterocephalus palaemon
		In Scotland, the chequered skipper is primarily a species of woodland edge and scrub.
		In England the chequered skipper was once fairly common in the East Midlands, but it became extinct there in the 1970s.
		Three populations of the chequered skipper in Scotland are monitored as a part of the National Butterfly Monitoring Scheme.
	www.ukbap.org.uk /UKPlans.aspx?ID=192 (730 words)

	Berkeley Daily Planet
		Lepidopterists believe skippers branched off from the main stem of butterfly evolution in the Cretaceous period, when the dinosaurs were still going strong.
		The caterpillars of early skippers probably ate plants in the legume family: lupine, locust, lotus, wisteria.
		Early on, though, one group, the grass skippers, developed a preference for monocotyledonous plants, mainly grasses and sedges.
	www.berkeleydailyplanet.com /article.cfm?archiveDate=09-21-04&storyID=19694 (1090 words)

	South Texas Butterfly Photos
		Related to North Carolina's Swarthy Skipper, but larger and with a hint of a pale 7 on the hindwing below.
		Similar to the more common Clouded Skipper, but smaller and with a subtly different pattern.
		A denizen of salt marshes, related to the Salt Marsh Skipper.
	www.carolinanature.com /butterflies/txleps7.html (367 words)

	The Bigger Hesperiidae: The Spread-winged Skippers
		He says this skipper, which I photographed in Duke Gardens, is mostly likely a White Checkered Skipper, but that its faded condition lends some uncertainty to this identification.
		This is a Long-tailed Skipper, normally restricted to the Deep South.
		The only time I saw a Long-tailed Skipper in Durham was after a hurricane in the Gulf of Mexico took a turn through North Carolina in the form of a waning rain storm.
	mysite.verizon.net /res0otr2/id12.html (438 words)

	FW: Santa Ana Awesome 10/13/03
		2 Hecebolus Skippers were seen on the Asters at Pintail Lake.
		Grass Skippers included Fawn-spotted, Olive Clouded, and Julia's.
		Both Zebra and Julia Longwings were flitting about in the garden by the old residence.
	www.usenet.com /newsgroups/sci.bio.entomology.lepidoptera/msg00195.html (305 words)

	WDNR - Online Field Guide to Rare Wisconsin Lepidoptera
		Similar Species: Female cobweb skippers (Hesperia metea) are a similar brown, but are smaller and have well-defined white spots below, particularly on the forewing.
		The northern cloudywing (Thorybes pylades) is a spreadwing skipper that rests with wings open, not angled as do the folded wing skippers.
		The roadside skipper (Amblyscirtes vialis) is considerably smaller.
	www.dnr.state.wi.us /Org/land/er/invertebrates/butterflies_moths/barrens.asp?mode=detail&ELCode=IILEP79010&Type=Description (220 words)

	Reference Library - RedOrbit (Site not responding. Last check: )
		They are usually counted as butterflies, but they are somewhat intermediate between the rest of the butterflies and the remaining Lepidoptera, the moths.
		Some species in the genera Erynnis, Hesperia, and Amblyscirtes cannot currently be distinguished in the field by experts.
		All other copyrights remain the property of their respective owners
	www.redorbit.com /education/reference_library/insects/skipper_butterfly/901/index.html (242 words)

	Iskip.com
		That is why we are on a mission to share the joy and freedom of skipping with young and old alike.
		If you are a skipper who might want to help spread the skipping word in your community email kimskips@peoplepc.com and introduce yourself!
		If you feel inspired to be more involved email kidagain99@aol.com and ask for more info on what it means to be an official skipping enthusiast....We are a growing network of positive, action-oriented people who are working together to bring the joy of skipping to our world.
	www.iskip.com (1997 words)

	Fiery Skipper Butterfly - Hylephila phyleus
		Superfamily: Hesperioidea / Family: Hesperiidae - Skippers / Subfamily: Hesperiinae - Grass skippers
		Live adult skipper butterflies photgraphed at Alpharetta GA, and Winfield IL USA.
		Adults rest with wings closed or bask with hindwings open flat and forewings at an angle (the "jet plane" position), a posture unique to grass skippers.
	www.cirrusimage.com /skipper_fiery.htm (91 words)

	Entomology Collection > Ochlodes sylvanoides
		Unlike many grass skippers (Hesperiinae), Woodland Skippers are much more easily approached and can be observed at close range.
		There are no specific literature records for the grass species the larvae feed on; broad-leaved grasses are often cited (Opler 1999).
		The Woodland Skipper appears to have expanded its Alberta range northward over the past 20 years (Kondla 2001, Schmidt et al.
	www.entomology.ualberta.ca /searching_species_details.php?cn=3&b=Lepidoptera&c=7&s=2591 (286 words)

	Butterflies and Skippers of North America - Lycaena phlaeas
		Underside gray; hindwing with submarginal row of orange-red zigzags.
		Life history: Males perch on grass or weeds to look for females.
		Eggs are laid singly on host plant stems or leaves.
	www.nearctica.com /butter/plate6/Lphlaeas.htm (218 words)

	ISAF - www.sailing.org
		The main items were to agree the number of skippers in the event and the cut-off date for inviting the skippers.
		a) The Committee recommends that in future the number of skippers should be twelve (it was previously ten), consisting of the top ten in the ISAF Rankings plus the national champion of the host MNA and the defending champion.
		a) The Committee recommends that the number of skippers invited should be twenty-four, as in 1999, and the qualification system should follow the one used this year, with minor improvements.
	www.sailing.org /meetings/1999november/minutes/matchracing.asp (1972 words)

	VSK 2 and the Virtual Ventrilo Skippers Club - Sailing Anarchy Forums
		While Virtual Skipper 3 has now hit the shelves, it should be mentioned that it has a number of extremely bothersome bugs and one should probably wait awhile before plunking down the bucks for it.
		It is my understanding that patches are being developed and sent to the beta-testers at the International Team Racing and Beer Drinking Yacht Club located at http://www.itbyc.org.
		So, if you are interested in joining us, you can begin by checking out the new WEB site for the Virtual Ventrilo Skippers Club at http://vsk.cyberegatta.com or by emailing me at melgesman@comcast.net.
	www.sailinganarchy.com /forums/index.php?showtopic=1149 (1593 words)

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