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Topic: Grave goods

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Homo neanderthalensis

	Bettina Arnold - Heuneburg Archaeological Project: 2002 Excavation
		Grave 7 was excavated in the southeast quadrant.
		Grave 15 (a and b?), in the southwest quadrant, was a burial complex consisting of a dense charcoal concentration (a possible cremation grave?) to the northwest and an apparent inhumation to the southeast.
		Grave 12 is the latest in date of the female burials based on its fibulae, and several iron fragments found in the disturbed waist area may be part of an iron belt assemblage that would be consistent with the chronologically later position of this grave within the mound.
	www.uwm.edu /~barnold/arch/report02.html (8248 words)

	Grave goods - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Most grave goods recovered by archaeologists consist of inorganic objects such as pottery and stone and metal tools but there is evidence that organic objects were also placed in tombs although they do not survive as well.
		Some of the most famous and well preserved grave goods are those from ancient Egypt; there, people believed that goods buried in tombs could be used by the deceased in the afterlife.
		Even the 'cemeteries', or burials, and grave goods of a small 'suburb' of a town, may help determine the small society, mix of people and that subgroup's relationship with other countries, or peoples.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Grave_goods (532 words)

	[No title]
		These prehistoric graves contain men buried in women's clothes and with what we perceive as typical female grave goods; and in death women have been supplied with weapons for their journey to the other side.
		Iron knives are the most common Viking-age grave goods and occur in both female and male burials; and – according to archaeological sex determination – needle boxes are female artefacts, while spears are male artefacts.
		In the grave-field of Luistari grave no. 35 contained a female with an axe; and in no. 404 the skull and limb bones of a male – two axes were placed beneath him – was lying at the feet of a female skeleton (Mägi 2002).
	viking.hgo.se /Topic/may-03.html (2466 words)

	The Shaft Graves
		True shaft graves of the type found in Grave Circles A and B at Mycenae are relatively rare on the Greek Mainland.
		The individuals buried in the Shaft Graves at Mycenae were on the whole larger and more robust, whether male or female, than the contemporary or earlier MH occupants of graves of other kinds.
		Note especially the wide functional range of the grave goods found in the tombs of Circles A and B in sharp contrast with the limited functional variability of typical MH funerary assemblages.
	projectsx.dartmouth.edu /history/bronze_age/lessons/les/16.html (2552 words)

	Dan Weiskotten's Patterns of Iroquois Burial
		The presence of grave goods, in the form of offerings and ornaments, has also contributed to the loss of data for controlled archaeological study, for many of the graves and cemeteries that contained these goods were mined for their metals and relics, long before any record or note could be made of their contents.
		A few examples of grave goods from the cemeteries are given, and the selection include the typical protohistoric mix of Native and European goods: iron tools, glass beads, a clay pot with food remains, a large pot with a human effigy upon it, and a necklace of glass and Native beads with "figurines" as pendants.
		The grave goods are typically protohistoric ("period two") and include items of antler including figurines, combs, and tools; bone items in tools, ornaments, animal jaws, and a turtle shell rattle; copper and brass blade tools, and spiral, bead, and disk ornaments; ceramic pots; chert; glass beads; and several iron tools including axes, knives and chisels.
	www.geocities.com /wskttn/BurialPatterns.html (19836 words)

	gravegoods (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		Grave goods are the things that are put into graves to help the deceased make a smoother transition into the 'next life' or they can be things that were offerings to
		Sometimes the grave goods can tell you some things about who the person was when they were alive.
		If someone was found with a top-hat in their grave, you would know this burial probably wasn't from the 20th century, but instead, one from the 17th-19th centuries.
	www.unm.edu /~murrellj/gravegoods.htm (286 words)

	chp1
		The quantity and distribution of grave goods indicates a considerable wealth and possibly a social hierarchy at the mission on St. Catherines Island (Thomas 1988).
		Thomas (1988) posits that the abundance and variety of grave goods at Santa Catalina and the relative paucity of grave goods at Santa Maria may simply be an artifact of sampling or sample size.
		Alternatively, Saunders adds that "the lack of grave goods at Amelia Island may reflect the scarcity of trade goods and religious commodities in the later period and/or a break down in the social mechanisms that previously supported elaborate burial goods" (1988:10).
	online.sfsu.edu /~mgriffin/chp1.html (1171 words)

	The Woman
		This requires that grave goods be analyzed with regard to the biological sex of a skeleton where plausible, graves without bodies or some cremations, should be analyzed with regard to the former.
		Some grave goods are gender specific meaning that to date these objects have only been found in women's graves, however the only gender specific grave good included in this exhibition is the bronze mirror from Birdlip.
		In her dissertation, Bettina Arnold, notes that in female graves, jewelry is found in greater number in the grave and often also in pairs.
	www.unc.edu /celtic/catalogue/grave/TheWoman.html (1107 words)

	Grave Matters - Art of Memory and Mourning - Loveland Art Museum
		Included in "Grave Matters" are grave issues, like war and politics as well as the beauty in funerary masks, alters and medieval and religious art.
		Death is certainly a grave matter, but some artists and writers decide not to give in to its gravity.
		Showing concurrently with “Grave Matters” is an exhibition of photographs of Colorado cemeteries by Loveland writer and photographer Kenneth Jessen.
	www.randafricanart.com /Grave_Matters.html (1326 words)

	Viking Women (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		Grave goods include a pair of wool combs, a weaving batten, a bronze basin, a knife, a pair of shears, and a sickle.
		The woman was buried in a wagon and placed inside an enormous wooden chamber with grave goods which include the richest collection of precious metals found in a Scandinavian grave.
		However, his parents were heathens and King Gorm made a resting place for he and his wife consisting of a double grave mount with 2 lines of standing stones and a smaller one indicating whom it was all for: “King Gorm made this monument in memory of Thorvi, his wife, Denmark’s adornment”.
	home.att.net /~vikingwomen (2431 words)

	grave_goods
		Good and bad, moving along in one-two time.
		The block letters are carved with smug arrogance into the stone, heralding the good news of upper middle-class safety and stability.
		My eyes stray instead to the grave where she left me, boring blindly into the rootless grass that covers it.
	www.geocities.com /maybe_aa/grave_goods.html (2221 words)

	Categories of Gender and Class in the Celtic Grave (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		Celtic graves celebrated the life of the deceased, they also pointed forward, they signaled the ambitions of the family of the deceased, and their hopes for a successful and happy afterlife.
		Thereby, grave goods have been divided into strict categories which refer to a person's place within the community as its was believed to have been dictated by their gender, age and perceived social status.
		Types of grave goods said to be gender or class specific, and believed to be demonstrative of a particular category, can similarly be found in another.
	www.unc.edu /celtic/catalogue/grave/index.html (251 words)

	Egypt: Houses and Villages of Ancient Egypt, A Feature Tour Egypt Story (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		Simple graves were dug under the desert sand in the Faiyum, while at Merimda, the dead were buried in the village area, and there were no grave goods.
		Grave goods consisted of elaborate girdles or belts, consisting of multiple strands of blue-glazed steatite beads.
		The graves consisted of shallow pits in the low desert, roofed with rough branches, which may have supported a small tumulus of gravel.
	www.touregypt.net /featurestories/towns.htm (1378 words)

	Town Creek Indian Mound - Burial Hut Exhibit
		Other grave goods, such as copper ornaments or axes, rattles, or discs, symbolized status or ranking within the clan.
		The position of the body in each grave reflected differences in age, sex, or status of the individual being interred.
		Still other deceased members of the clan were placed in the grave in a flexed (or fetal) position, often wrapped in split-cane mats or skins.
	www.ah.dcr.state.nc.us /Sections/HS/town/burial-hut.htm (655 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Heritage \| Discoveries in 'falcon city' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		No grave goods or matting were found with the bodies, which were in a very poor state of preservation.
		The most unusual find of all during the 2003 excavations was a pit grave for the burial of African elephants, which were used for transport during the lifetime of the owner of the complex.
		It is estimated to have stretched for about two kilometres along the edge of the floodplain and to have had more than 7,000 residents from all walks of society, ranging from masons and potters to farmers and officials.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2005/745/hr2.htm (902 words)

	Chinese Antique Art - Terra Cotta Funerary
		There is good reason to believe that the pieces were made to be beautiful and impressive -- not only for the dead but also for the family purchasing the items.
		Also, we know from later written records (from the Zhou dynasty on) that it was customary for the burial goods to be displayed at the home of the deceased for viewing by the entire community before ceremonially being carried to the grave site.
		The terra cotta grave goods, on the other hand, were not even known to exist until fairly recently, that is, not until archaeologists began systematically uncovering ancient Neolithic, Han, and Tang dynasty grave complexes toward the end of the nineteenth and early twentieth century.
	www.hanpot.com /chinese-antique-art-history.html (1657 words)

	John P. O'Grady Grave Goods Reviewed by Rick Kleffel
		In 'Grave Goods', John P. O'Grady stakes a claim on territory that's only apparently being rented by the writers of horror fiction.
		His essays and enjoyable anecdotes bring back the raconteur as the primary teller of tales, which if not completely true, at least contains the grains of truth, or teach a truth.
		'Grave Goods' is ample evidence that the future of horror need not be solely in fiction, and that horror need not be crass.
	trashotron.com /agony/reviews/2002/ogrady-grave_goods.htm (583 words)

	Southeast Asia, 2000–1000 B.C. \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		Grave goods of Late Neolithic cultures include stone tools, shell beads and bracelets, and accomplished incised and cord-marked ceramics.
		The richly appointed graves of the middle level include that of a woman with a string of 120,000 shell disk beads over her chest, and a large number of ceramics, tentatively identified as made by a potter of high social standing.
		Grave goods from Ban Kao sites include untanged stone adzes, bone implements, shell beads and bracelets, and well-made cord-marked pottery, often with high pedestal or tripod supports.
	www.metmuseum.org /TOAH/ht/03/sse/ht03sse.htm (492 words)

	Grave Goods - John P. O'Grady
		The grave goods of the title are -- so the epigraph from a Dictionary of Archaeology -- "objects placed with the deceased on burial".
		It is this idea, of the type of objects that might be placed in a grave, the "offerings to the dead man's spirit" or the provisions or mementos, that is of interest to O'Grady.
		Nature, especially, is of interest, and his roundabout approach is a good one.
	www.complete-review.com /reviews/divlitnf/ogradyjp.htm (882 words)

	Magick and More.. Garden Necromancy: Summoning Spirits
		The plant traditionally associated with raising the dead is the yew, but there are many other plants which are associated with the dead for the purpose of summoning the spirits, most often to entice the spirit into answering questions about the future.
		And if it be fumigated About Toombes or graves of the dead it causes spirits and ghosts of the dead to gather together as it is sayd.
		Althea is considered a 'spirit puller': you place it on the altar to bring in good spirits during a ceremony.
	www.angelfire.com /realm/shades/magic/necromancygarden.htm (1454 words)

	Detail Page
		Grave goods were usually deposited with the dead (inhumations and cremations) for their use in the afterlife.
		Richer grave goods began to be provided from the Late Bronze Age, the most notable being in the shaft graves at Mycenae, where grave goods included spears, daggers, gold cups, silver vases, amber necklaces, stone vases, gold jewelry and other ornaments, and five gold death masks.
		From the Classical period a decreasing number of such goods was deposited in the grave.
	www.fofweb.com /Onfiles/Ancient/AncientDetail.asp?iPin=HLAG1390 (303 words)

	Preservation of African-American Cemeteries
		Although documentary history was not found, the general location of the cemetery was shown on maps and one of the three individuals identified by stones in the cemetery could be found through death certificate records.
		This may be necessary to confirm the presence or absence of graves in particular areas.
		Most often used when the cemetery is to be completely moved, the removal of vegetation and the drastic alteration of landscape may be seen by many as damaging the sacredness of the spot.
	www.sciway.net /hist/chicora/gravematters-4.html (759 words)

	World History: Ancient History: Greeks: Mycenaeans: Schliemann at Mycenae
		Certainly the graves at Mycenae were rich in gold grave goods, such as this mask.
		The bodies were lowered into the shafts and spectacular grave goods, made of precious metals, were placed inside.
		But the shaft graves themselves date from the early Mycenaean period and were certainly not the graves of Mycenaean warriors who went to Troy.
	www.historywiz.com /agamemnon.htm (518 words)

	California Public Resources
		The identification and cataloguing of known graves and cemeteries shall be completed on or before January 1, 1984.
		The commission shall notify landowners on whose property such graves and cemeteries are determined to exist, and shall identify the Native American group most likely descended from those Native Americans who may be interred on the property.
		It is the policy of the state that Native American remains and associated grave artifacts shall be repatriated.
	www.nahc.ca.gov /cpr.html (1384 words)

	Grave GoodsEssays of a Peculiar Nature
		Grave Goods includes ghost stories, macabre modern legends, and metaphysical investigations, all informed by the natural sciences, history, philosophy, literature, and mythology.
		In O'Grady's case, the intelligence is both rigorous and wide-ranging, the imagination downright wild, and all expressed with a wit that arcs between sweetly goofy and canine sharp.
		"Grave Goods is a first-rate collection, revealing not only the surprising connections between ordinary things, but their metaphysical and philosophical implications as well.
	www.uofupress.com /store/product83.html (555 words)

	The Golden Prince(ss) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		Hundreds of these graves of warrior women are all affiliated with the various Scythian tribes; especially the Saka, Sarmatian, Sauromatian, and Pazyryk cultures, extending from Transylvania in the west (where the Scythians had gold mines beginning in the 600s BC) to Mongolia in the east.
		They buried their dead in elaborate underground tombs (often encoffined in entire tree trunks), with lavish grave goods of gold and silver jewelry, food, horses (often dressed in felt antlers as stags), armor and weaponry, eating utensils, ritual paraphernalia, and sometimes pounds of marijuana to smoke for eternity.
		Archaeologists therefore assigned the skeleton a male gender because of the lavish warrior goods found with the corpse, which included a gilt dagger, a gilt long sword, and a whip with a golden handle.
	home.earthlink.net /~ekerilaz/princess.html (1236 words)

	Egypt: Upper Egyptian Neolithic and Predynastic Religion and Rulers, A Feature Tour Egypt Story (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		The graves of the people were simple - the dead were laid to rest on their left sides facing the west, in a fetal position and wrapped in matting.
		In the Amratian graves, the deceased were buried with statuettes to keep him or her company in the afterlife.
		There is evidence of an elite social class from the graves and grave goods found.
	www.touregypt.net /featurestories/predynastic.htm (2070 words)

	Funeral Customs: Chapter III: Preparation For Burial, Coffins, ''Grave-Goods,'' Suttee
		After it had been lowered into the grave, it was turned over to relieve it of its load, and brought to the surface again for use on a future occasion.
		We find other objects in the graves which are yet more worthy of our notice, for they speak to us of superstitions which we may scorn in the light of our superior knowledge, but which we are not ashamed to perpetuate, largely because we have so dim a conception of the beliefs which we profess.
		Eventually the Christian Church forbade the interment of what were known as "grave goods" with the body, but an exception was made in favour of kings and priests, who were allowed to retain their robes and symbols of office.
	www.sacred-texts.com /etc/fcod/fcod06.htm (6731 words)

	Grave robbers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		"Finding tombs full of grave goods was very attractive." Ancient rulers, typically, were laid to rest with symbols of their rule, together with nice threads and a supply of vittles for afterlife banquets.
		For example, a University of Pennsylvania excavation in Denmark is looking at bodies in graves to understand death patterns before, during and after a fl plague epidemic in the 14th century.
		Maybe he hasn't heard about these gorgeous graves...
	whyfiles.org /097halloween/5.html (468 words)

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