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Topic: Gravettian

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	Notes on Y Haplogroup I and R1b
		Gravettian is the second subdivision of the Upper Paleolithic technological phase in western Europe (from 27,000 to 21,000 years ago).
		Gravettian culture A phase (c.28,000-23,000 ya) of the European Upper Paleolithic that is characterized by a stone-tool industry with small pointed blades used for big-game hunting (bison, horse, reindeer and mammoth).
		R1b (previously known as Hg1 and Eu18) is the most prolific haplogroup in Europe and its frequency changes in a cline from west (where it reaches a saturation point of almost 100% in areas of Western Ireland) to east (where it becomes uncommon in parts of Eastern Europe and virtually disappears beyond the Middle East).
	home.comcast.net /~libpjr1/haplogroupI.htm (848 words)

	LeRoy McDermott
		Among the Gravettian figurines, the clearly exaggerated wide hips and buttocks and the thin arms were largely invited by the lozenge form and the pragmatics of carving, not necessarily by autogenous observation.
		A "close reading" of the Gravettian females indicates that culturally relevant symbolic attributes or determinatives were often, also, added to the figurines after the basic anatomy had been carved.
		The notion that mature females across Gravettian Europe were looking under their arms at their hips and buttocks and down to their navels for thousands of years in order to carve images of themselves in hard materials is rather startling.
	cmsu2.cmsu.edu /~ldm4683/c_marshack.htm (1882 words)

	MZM - doc. PhDr. Martin Oliva, Ph.D. - výběrová bibliografie
		(Gravettian settlement of the Moravian Karst), AMM, sci.
		The settlement in the Gravettian (Pavlovian) period concentrated on river valleys, which was favorable from the point of view of subsistence and long-distance, inter-group communications.
		The survey of Gravettian settlements in the peripheral zones shows the striking contast between the density of the occupation of the central and peripheral settlement areas.
	www.mzm.cz /mzm/ostatni/oliva_biblio_anotace.html (2381 words)

	Chauvet Cave - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Chauvet Cave, however, is uncharacteristically large and the quality, quantity, and condition of the artwork found on its walls has been called spectacular.
		The later Gravettian occupation, which occurred 25,000 to 27,000 years ago, left little but a child's footprint, the charred remains of ancient hearths and carbon smoke stains from torches that lit the caves.
		The soft, clay like floor of the cave retains the paw prints of cave bears along with large, rounded, depressions that are believed to be the "nests" where the bears slept.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chauvet_Cave (714 words)

	British Archaeology magazine, October 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Gravettian visitation is attested by a scatter of large tanged points occurring across southern Britain, including Paviland.
		These include an extended burial position, positioning of the corpse along the cave wall, the presence by the grave of large herbivore remains, the placing of stone slabs at head and feet, the use of ochre, the deposition of personal ornaments, and the possibility that the body may have been headless when interred.
		Paviland cave was occupied by the hunters of the Gravettian mammoth steppe as a functional shelter; but there may also have been an aura of sanctity attached to the place, explaining the burial here of the 'Red Lady'.
	www.britarch.ac.uk /BA/ba61/feat3.shtml (2469 words)

	Amazon.com: "Eastern Gravettian": Key Phrase page
		The Eastern Gravettian industry, which is represented in sites dating to ca.
		The rich lithic and bone inventories are assigned to the Pavlov industry and to the Eastern Gravettian technocomplex.
		114-155; John F. Hoffecker, "The Eastern Gravettian 'Kostenki Culture' as an Arctic Adaptation," Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska, n.
	amazon.com /phrase/Eastern-Gravettian (421 words)

	History of the Vezere Valley, Cro-Magnon, and the Dordogne. B&B Ferme de Tayac
		Gravettian people in the west hunted horses to the near exclusion of the reindeer and bison that other contemporaries hunted; in Russia Gravettians concentrated on mammoths.
		Gravettians in the east used large mammoth bones as part of the building material for winter houses; mammoth fat was used to keep fires burning.
		Gravettian peoples made rather crude, fat "Venus" figurines, used red ochre as pigment, and fashioned jewelry out of shells, animal teeth, and ivory.
	www.fermedetayac.com /history.htm (1458 words)

	The Pont-d’Arc Venus – Aurignacian, Gravettian or Magdalenian
		Her proportions, the stylistic elements, the selection of anatomical elements shown are all characteristic of Aurignacian or Gravettian venuses, as known from the small statues of Central and Eastern Europe.
		The typical vulvas of Aurignacian and to some extent of Gravettian are circular, not triangular.
		All statuettes or relieves are of Gravettian age.
	www.uf.uni-erlangen.de /chauvet/chauvetvenus.htm (993 words)

	Gravettian
		Gravettian culture A phase (c.28,000-23,000 ya) of the European Upper Paleolithic that is characterized by a stone-tool industry with small pointed blades used for big-game hunting (bison, horse, reindeer and mammoth).
		It is divided into two regional groups: the western Gravettian, mostly known from cave sites in France, and the eastern Gravettian, with open sites of specialized mammoth hunters on the plains of central Europe and Russia.
		The Gravettian culture was located around France, though evidence of Gravettian products have been found across central Europe and Russia.
	www.libraryoflibrary.com /E_n_c_p_d_Gravettian.html (1316 words)

	No. 359: The Dolni Vestonice Ceramics
		These figures come from the Gravettian period -- 30,000 to 22,000 years ago.
		Cave painting preceded the great artistic outpouring of the Gravettian period.
		These Czech ceramics were only one of many Gravettian artistic experiments.
	www.uh.edu /admin/engines/epi359.htm (397 words)

	The Paleolithic Indo-Europeans, 2
		Gravettian culture, with its many specialized adaptations to steppe conditions, extended its range into central Europe around 29,000 BP and was well established throughout the continent by 26,000 BP.
		In the case of the Gravettians, the shift from small family units of a couple of dozen individuals to far more extended social groupings seems likely to have been accompanied by the development of the social structure known as the patrilocal band.
		One awkward result of marrying-out is that sons are always of mixed ancestry and have to be initiated into their father's people at puberty in order to maintain the clear identity of the band.
	www.enter.net /~torve/trogholm/wonder/indoeuropean/indoeuropean2.html (2717 words)

	British Archaeology magazine, August 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		It is not until the mid-Upper Palaeolithic, or Gravettian, that clear examples of burials can be found from Iberia and Wales to north-east of Moscow.
		The pathological disorders found among almost all individuals buried in the Gravettian are surely too common to be coincidental.
		After the Gravettian, there is apparently another gap of several thousand years before we find convincing mortuary activity in the Late Upper Palaeolithic of 15-10,000 years ago.
	www.britarch.ac.uk /BA/ba66/feat1.shtml (2998 words)

	howcomyoucom.com - ANTHROPOLOGICAL EVIDENCE FOR EARLIEST KNOWN NET HUNTERS (Site not responding. Last check: )
		With radiocarbon dating techniques, it is often possible to fix the date of any stratum in which fossils and artifacts are found to within one or two thousand years, which provides us with a rough calendar for the history of Paleolithic groups of humans.
		One such group is the Gravettian people, who apparently lived 29,000 to 22,000 years ago in a region extending from Spain to southern Russia.
		Now Olga Soffer et al (University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), after detailed microscopic analysis of clay impressions from two Gravettian sites in Czechoslovakia, present convincing evidence that these Gravettian groups not only wove basketry and textiles, but they also apparently wove nets that were probably used for hunting small animals.
	www.howcomyoucom.com /netjan212001.htm (320 words)

	Gravettian Information
		The Gravettian was an industry of the European Upper Palaeolithic.
		It is named after the type site of La Gravette in the Dordogne region of France.
		View a list of authors or edit this article.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Gravettian (87 words)

	MonetA_3_4 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This is a study of late Gravettian technology and the spatial distribution of an artifact assemblage from Kadar, and open site in northern Bosnia, Yugoslavia.
		Traces of Mousterian, Gravettian, and Neolithic occupations are present.
		This level was occupied during mild climatic conditions of a terminal Pleistocene interstadial when a birch forest dominated the landscape.
	www.bu.edu /jfa/Abstracts/M/MonetA_3_4.html (152 words)

	Civilization.ca -
		This cooling period had a marked effect on the societies of the time: in order to survive over the course of the millennia, human beings had to adapt.
		Communication systems were among the things they invented, and the Gravettian Venus figures were one of the most ancient and striking examples of communication tools developed.
		It was during this long period of change - or, according to some experts, partly because of it - that the cultural phenomenon known as the Gravettian period emerged across the continent.
	www.civilisations.ca /archeo/paleofig/pal01eng.html (665 words)

	Svoboda_21_4 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		As a part of a current research project devoted to the study of larger Upper Paleolithic (Gravettian) sites in Moravia, new excavations were undertaken in 1989-1992.
		Two Middle Paleolithic and one Gravettian layer were found, mostly in redeposited positions.
		On the basis of previous data and typological reexamination, a horizon of scarce Acheulian finds at the base and another, younger Gravettian horizon at the top have been recognized.
	www.bu.edu /jfa/Abstracts/S/Svoboda_21_4.html (214 words)

	[No title]
		The newly presented hypothesis suggests that the modern human arrival took place in several stages, or "waves".
		Each of them (Levallois-leptolithic industries, Aurignacian, Gravettian) poses problems of its own, and does not follow a common pattern in the archaeological record.
		Technology and art of the Aurignacian is clearly of European origin, while the techno/typology of the Gravettian, even if rooted in industries of the Near East and North Africa, was enriched in Europe by new patterns of complex behavior, technologies, hunting large mammals, rituals, and art.
	www.cas.cz /en/ostatni.php?m=4&ID=111 (231 words)

	aagalery8
		The term Gravettian comes from one of the archaeological sites in France, and is applied to the cultures that produced - among other objects -small pointed blades with specifically blunt backs.
		The Gravettian Venuses almost always depicted dignifiedly standing women, and with the exception of cubistically shaped Venuses these figurines were made with much attention, so we can see the decorations and even geometrized decorations.
		The Gravettian people look like people who were very particular about their appearance to make favourable impression on each other and on foreigners as well.
	www.iabrno.cz /agalerie/gravetta.htm (2321 words)

	UPPER PALAEOLITHIC SYSTEMATICS
		It is suggested that the Gravettian does not represent a movement of people but of ideas and technology particularly the use of backed blades for projectile points.
		One type is referred to as the Badegoulian having many raclettes, smallish flakes shaped by abrupt retouch into various 'geometric' shapes also tools with scalar retouch and numbers of carinated scrapers both being traits of the Aurignacian they are found with the earlier Magdalenian assemblages.
		Magdalenian 2 onwards assemblages are rich in burins and backed bladelets and blades similar to Gravettian points but often with geometric microliths mainly of triangles, rectangles and semi-lunates.
	www.hf.uio.no /iakh/forskning/sarc/iakh/lithic/MOUST/UPsystems.html (581 words)

	Langston Surname DNA Project Photo Gallery by daveb at pbase.com
		The Gravettian culture was "known for its Venus figurines, shell jewellery, and for using mammoth bones to build homes".
		It is divided into two regional groups: the western Gravettian, mostly known from cave sites in France, and the eastern Gravettian, with open sites of specialized mammoth hunters on the plains of central Europe and Russia.
		Some early examples of cave art and the famous 'Venus' figurines were made by Gravettian artists.
	www.pbase.com /daveb/lang3 (309 words)

	Menu of Gravettian people from southern Moravia.
		There are a number of Upper Palaeolithic sites of Gravettian people in the southern Moravia.
		These people had eaten animals and their bones were used for creating artefacts.
		Their food was based on several species that lived in the vicinity of their settlement unit.
	www.medscape.com /medline/abstract/15828198 (260 words)

	Amazon.com: gravettian (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Portrait of the Artist As a Child: The Gravettian Human Skeleton From...
		to have brought the Gravettian culture that succeeded the Aurignacian...
		This late Aurignacian or `extended Gravettian' culture is represented in several...
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=gravettian&index=blended&page=1 (911 words)

	Stone age - Trade Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Template:Seemain From 35,000 to 10,000 years ago (the end of the last ice age) modern humans spread out further across the Earth during the period known as the Upper Palaeolithic.
		After the arrival of the first modern humans (Cro-Magnons) in Europe a relatively rapid succession of often complex stone artefact technologies took place during this period, including the Châtelperronian, Aurignacian, Solutrean, Gravettian and Magdalenian.
		The Americas were colonised via the Bering land bridge which was exposed during this period by lower sea levels.
	www.bestbuy.tiptophot.com /trade/index.php?title=Stone_age (3349 words)

	The Venus of Willendorf, Side View of Female Figurine, Gravettian Culture, Upper Paleolithic Period Giclee Print at ...
		The Venus of Willendorf, Side View of Female Figurine, Gravettian Culture, Upper Paleolithic Period Giclee Print at AllPosters.com
		The Giclee printing process delivers a fine stream of ink resulting in vivid, pure color and exceptional detail that is suitable for museum or gallery display.
		The Venus of Willendorf, Side View of Female Figurine, Gravettian Culture, Upper Paleolithic Period
	www.allposters.com /-sp/The-Venus-of-Willendorf-Side-View-of-Female-Figurine-Gravettian-Culture-Upper-Paleolithic-Period_i1344554_.htm?aid=252003033 (174 words)

	gravettian - Definitions from Dictionary.com
		Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2006.
		Perform a new search, or try your search for "gravettian" at:
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	dictionary.reference.com /browse/gravettian (59 words)

	Civilization.ca - Mothers of Time: Seven Palaeolithic Figurines
		Of the few examples of sculpture that have survived, most are small representations of animals (mammoths, horses, lions, etc.) and, much less frequently, human beings.
		It was not until the time of the Aurignacians' successors - the Gravettians of about 28,000 to 22,000 years ago - that the unique form of artistic representation known as the Palaeolithic Venus flourished in many regions of Europe.
		This occurred in conjunction with a certain standardization of tools, and the coincidence of technological and artistic expansion has been interpreted by some researchers as a first great unifying trend across Europe.
	www.warmuseum.ca /archeo/paleofig/pal06eng.html (831 words)

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