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Topic: Gravitational acceleration

	Gravitation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Gravitation is one of the four fundamental interactions in nature, the other three being the electromagnetic force, the weak nuclear force, and the strong nuclear force.
		Moreover, gravitation is the reason for the very existence of the earth, the sun, and other celestial bodies; without it matter would not have coalesced into these bodies and life as we know it would not exist.
		Gravitation is also responsible for keeping the earth and the other planets in their orbits around the sun, the moon in its orbit around the earth, for the formation of tides, and for various other natural phenomena that we observe.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gravity (2436 words)

	Latitude Dependent Changes in Gravitational Acceleration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		To first order, the elliptical shape of the earth causes the gravitational* acceleration to vary with latitude because the distance between the gravimeter and the earth's center varies with latitude.
		As discussed previously, the magnitude of the gravitational acceleration changes as one over the distance from the center of mass of the earth to the gravimeter squared.
		Thus, qualitatively, we would expect the gravitational acceleration to be smaller at the equator than at the poles, because the surface of the earth is farther from the earth's center at the equator than it is at the poles.
	www.geo.ucalgary.ca /~maillol/goph365/Grav/latitude.html (645 words)

	Gravitational Acceleration in Schwarzschild Coordinates
		According to Newton's theory the acceleration of gravity of a test particle at a given radial distance from a large mass is independent of the particle’s state of motion.
		For light-like paths (V = 1), the magnitude of the acceleration approaches twice the magnitude of the Newtonian acceleration – and is outward instead of inward.
		The reason for this outward acceleration with respect to Schwarzschild coordinates is that the speed of light (in terms of these coordinates) is greater at greater radial distances from the mass.
	www.mathpages.com /rr/s6-07/6-07.htm (782 words)

	Gravitational Potential Energy
		Gravitational potential energy is energy an object possesses because of its position in a gravitational field.
		The general expression for gravitational potential energy arises from the law of gravity and is equal to the work done against gravity to bring a mass to a given point in space.
		This is the form for the gravitational potential energy which is most useful for calculating the escape velocity from the earth's gravity.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/gpot.html (348 words)

	Units Associated with Gravitational Acceleration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Positive acceleration means the object is moving faster with time, and negative acceleration means the object is slowing down with time.
		Acceleration can be measured by determining the speed of an object at two different times and dividing the speed by the time difference between the two observations.
		That is, the object accelerates as it falls with constant acceleration.
	www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au /ES304/MODULES/GRAV/NOTES/gravunits.html (360 words)

	gravitational acceleration - a Whatis.com definition
		Gravitational acceleration (symbolized g) is an expression used in physics to indicate the intensity of a gravitational field.
		The use of the term acceleration in conjunction with gravity arises from Einstein's principle of equivalence, which was a cornerstone in the development of the general theory of relativity.
		This principle states that the force produced by a gravitational field is qualitatively the same (in terms of how it affects physical objects, time, and space) as the force produced when a reference frame accelerates.
	whatis.techtarget.com /gDefinition/0,294236,sid44_gci804378,00.html (275 words)

	The Principle of Equivalence
		One must conclude that the physical properties of the gravitational acceleration are different from the ones of inertial acceleration which means that the gravitational acceleration is not equivalent to the inertial acceleration.
		The deviation of light by a gravitational field gave birth to the claim that rings in space are caused by the focusing of light coming from remote sources by the gravitational mass of intervening galaxies.
		With the modern development of accelerators and intense beams of charged particles, the electric conductor is no longer necessary to observe this phenomenon and the interaction of independent electric charges in the magnetic field generated by comoving electric charges has been observed directly.
	www.newtonphysics.on.ca /EINSTEIN/Chapter10.html (3088 words)

	Incompatibility between Einstein's General Relativity and the Principle of Equivalence
		It is shown that the simple application of that principle to photons moving in the Sun's gravitational potential leads to an equation which is not compatible with the one predicting the deflection of light by the Sun.
		Since the acceleration of the moving particle is determined by the mass generating the gravitational field (here the Sun) and the distance of the particle from that source, all particles at a given distance receive the same change of velocity (acceleration), independently of their mass.
		Since the particle is located at a variable distance in the gravitational field of the Sun, the acceleration given to the Sun must always be equal to the gravitational acceleration the particle would feel if there were a gravitational field.
	www.newtonphysics.on.ca /Equivalence/Equivalence.html (2073 words)

	Gravitational Acceleration
		The ``reason'' is that the gravitational force on an object is proportional to its inertial mass.
		Although the magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity, g, is the same everywhere on the Earth's surface, its direction changes depending on where you are.
		However, as we will see later, if you happen to be near a very massive, but small object, such as a fl hole, the fact that gravitational acceleration changes direction depending on your location becomes very significant indeed: it gives rise to so-called tidal gravitational forces that can tear a spaceship apart in microseconds.
	theory.uwinnipeg.ca /mod_tech/node55.html (449 words)

	Measurement of the gravitational acceleration of fullerene molecules
		Measurement of the gravitational acceleration of fullerene molecules
		Gravitational acceleration has been measured with high precision using macroscopic probes and for a few quantum probes.
		In this paper, a new method to measure gravitational acceleration with fullerene molecules is proposed.
	stacks.iop.org /0264-9381/20/567 (285 words)

	More on the Cause of Gravitational Acceleration
		So it appears that it is the particle's internal forces that attempt to retain its spherical geometry combined with the slowing of waves in higher gravitational potential that causes the acceleration due to gravity.
		Further to the explanation above: the force that retains the spherical geometry of individual particles (standing waves) is better thought of as being due to the momentum of the sub-quantum waves that comprise the standing waves rather than electromagnetic forces.
		The new concept is that as the downward waves slow down and bunch up as they move into a region of higher gravitational potential, their amplitude increases, and thus so does the momentum they carry.
	www.wbabin.net /traill2/gravity2.htm (450 words)

	Factors that Affect the Gravitational Acceleration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Thus far we have shown how variations in the gravitational acceleration can be measured and how these changes might relate to subsurface variations in density.
		Tidal Affects - Changes in the observed acceleration caused by the gravitational attraction of the sun and moon.
		That is, these change the gravitational acceleration from place to place, just like the geologic affects, but they are not related to geology.
	gretchen.geo.rpi.edu /roecker/AppGeo96/lectures/gravity/factors.html (285 words)

	Gravity Applications
		The gravitational acceleration depends on only the mass of the gravitating object M and the distance d from it.
		The acceleration decreases with the SQUARE of the distance (inverse square law).
		To compare gravity accelerations due to the same object at different distances, you use the gravity acceleration g at distance A = (the gravity acceleration g at distance B) × (distance B / distance A) Notice which distance is in the top of the fraction.
	www.astronomynotes.com /gravappl/s6.htm (1076 words)

	Local altitde and gravitational acceleration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		To calculate a pressure value using a liquid column - for example a mercury barometer - or a pressure balance it is necessary to know the gravitational acceleration at the location of the instrument.
		Small corrections for height and latitude differences are then applied to find the acceleration due to gravity at the point required.
		Gravitational data can also be obtained from BGI in France.
	www.npl.co.uk /pressure/faqs/altgrav.html (255 words)

	Sir Isaac Newton: The Universal Law of Gravitation
		Thus, the weight of an object of mass m at the surface of the Earth is obtained by multiplying the mass m by the acceleration due to gravity, g, at the surface of the Earth.
		The acceleration due to gravity is approximately the product of the universal gravitational constant G and the mass of the Earth M, divided by the radius of the Earth, r, squared.
		Mass is a measure of how much material is in an object, but weight is a measure of the gravitational force exerted on that material in a gravitational field; thus, mass and weight are proportional to each other, with the acceleration due to gravity as the proportionality constant.
	csep10.phys.utk.edu /astr161/lect/history/newtongrav.html (1830 words)

	Gravitational Acceleration
		An experiment was conducted to test the rate of acceleration due to gravity.
		The experimental acceleration due to gravity was calculated along with the percent error of each trial held.
		The calculated results show that as the length of the string increased, acceleration due to gravity remained constant; therefore, the hypothesis that was stated was correct.
	www.umbc.edu /upwardbound-mathscience/gravitational_acceleration.htm (126 words)

	Gee - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Gee is a surname, with the letter g soft, and may refer to
		Acceleration due to gravity, denoted g and pronounced 'gee', used as a non-SI unit of acceleration
		This human name article is a disambiguation page – a list of pages that might otherwise share the same title, which is a person's or persons' name.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gee (111 words)

	The Four Principal Kinetic States of Material Bodies - Part 3
		none of these variations, or similar ones using the millennium formula (15) for relative acceleration, appear to be truly valid let alone directly apply to the case at hand.
		That is, in the gravitational case the rate of acceleration is increasing relative to the SF whereas according to the inertial acceleration formula (15) for relative acceleration it would have to decrease.
		Assuming that the force of acceleration is constant as the rocket reduces its total mass by consuming its propellant during the period of acceleration, the rocket will increase its rate of acceleration along with its speed as it becomes less and less massive.
	www.mrelativity.net /FourKStates/FourKineticStates3.htm (3926 words)

	Gravitational acceleration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Gravitational acceleration is to a good approximation a constant, vertically downward with a magnitude of g=9.8 m/s
		Gravity only affects the vertical part of the velocity vector; horizontal motion under the influence of gravity is uniform (gravity does not change it).
		Since we know the constant acceleration, we can predict the velocity in the future if we know the velocity at some initial time (t=0).
	carini.physics.indiana.edu /E105/gravitational-accel.html (439 words)

	Non-gravitational constant acceleration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		There are plenty of other important examples of constant acceleration besides acceleration due to gravity.
		For acceleration in any direction (say in direction z, which can actually be vertical or horizontal), once we know it is constant, then we can predict future velocity and position.
		Note that the acceleration is positive until the jumper leaves the ground (at the time of most positive vy) and is negative (ay=-g) as long as the jumper is in the air [when the strongest force is gravity].
	carini.physics.indiana.edu /E105/constant-a-model.html (441 words)

	Laboratory #2: Measuring the Earth’s Gravitational Acceleration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Purpose: To use two different methods to measure the Earth’s gravitational acceleration, g.
		Derive a formula that would yield g in terms of your acceleration down the track and the angle q, the angle between the horizontal and the air track.
		Using the equipment described above, outline a procedure for measuring the acceleration of your glider down the air track.
	www.lsmsa.edu /shynes/measurementofg.htm (547 words)

	Local Gravitational Acceleration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Tim Mooney ===================================================== Small but measurable local changes in the acceleration of gravity reflect numerous factors including those you mention.
		But even the type of rock, the porosity of the ground, water depth, and a long list of other factors come into play.
		The acceleration of gravity is not a monolithic quantity and many factors influence it.
	www.newton.dep.anl.gov /askasci/phy00/phy00766.htm (160 words)

	gravitational acceleration
		Since air resistance can be ignored, you can work out the velocity from the change in gravitational potential to kinetic energy, so...
		If you are given the acceleration of gravity, it's likely your teacher intends you to believe its constant.
		More advanced calculations are possible which take into account the weakening of gravity as one gets further away from the Earth, but they require calculus to fully justify.
	www.physicsforums.com /showthread.php?threadid=101429 (568 words)

	[No title]
		Measuring the gravitational acceleration using a superconducting magnetic levitation system
		A method is proposed for measurement of the acceleration of gravity based on the fact that, for a fixed vertical position, the frequency of small mechanical vertical oscillations of a superconducting levitated body placed in a nonuniform magnetic field is independent of the levitated mass.
		Particular features of the method and measurements at an uncertainty level of a few parts in 10
	stacks.iop.org /0026-1394/34/143 (204 words)

	Information Bridge: DOE Scientific and Technical Information - - Document #10156547
		Conference: Rencontred de Moriond meeting on gravitation and astrophysics,Villars-Sur-Ollon (France),22-29 Jan 1994; Other Information: PBD: [1994]
		We have proposed measuring the acceleration of antiprotons in the Earth`s gravitational field by launching antiprotons from a thermal distribution at 4 K upwards against the force of gravity and measuring their time-of-flight (TOF).
		The TOF distribution thus obtained will exhibit a cut-off representing the minimum kinetic energy necessary to reach the detector at the top of the experiment.
	www.osti.gov /bridge/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=10156547 (264 words)

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