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Topic: Gravitational binding energy

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Protostar

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Gravitational constant

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	PowerPedia:Potential energy - PESWiki
		Gravitational potential energy is the energy that would be released if an object in a gravitational field (such as the earth's gravitational field) were allowed to fall from its current position to a given reference level (such as the surface of the earth).
		The gravitational binding energy of an object consisting of loose material, held together by gravity alone, is the amount of energy required to pull all of the material apart, to infinity.
		Gravitational potential is the potential energy per unit mass of an object due to its position in a gravitational field.
	peswiki.com /index.php/Potential_energy (2586 words)

	Binding energy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In general, binding energy represents the mechanical work which must be done in acting against the forces which hold an object together, while disassembling the object into component parts separated by such sufficient distance that further separation requires negligible additional work.
		Since all forms of energy in a system (which has no net momentum) have mass, the question of where the missing mass of the binding energy goes is of interest.
		The region of increasing binding energy is followed by a region of relative stability (saturation) in the sequence from magnesium through xenon.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Binding_energy (1422 words)

	Is the whole the sum of its parts?
		Energy of the composite object = sum of the energies of its parts - energy needed to split the object apart.
		However, such chemical bonds are much too weak, the associated binding energies much too small to result in measurable mass defects - typical values are in the range of a hundredth of thousandth or even of a millionth of the mass of an electron.
		Fusing nuclei to release energy is thus not an option any more, but splitting up nuclei into smaller nuclei is: In this region, the sum of the binding energy of of lighter nuclei can be larger than the binding energy of the heavier nucleus with the same total number of neutrons and of protons.
	www.einstein-online.info /en/spotlights/binding_energy/index.html (1732 words)

	Hypography Science Forums - gravity
		This ratio is identical to the ratio of energies for the photon, and naturally enough it's also identical to the ratio of mass/energy (including kinetic) of an object dropped to the surface.
		BlameTheEx: [Gravitational time dilation] is equal to the ratio of frequency of a photon from when it is emitted from the surface, and when it is received outside the gravitational field (Ok,Ok mostly outside.
		If that additional energy was not the same as the kinetic energy of the first brick then its not difficult to imagine a system for creating as much energy as we wish from nowhere.
	forums.hypography.com /space/325-gravity-5.html (3181 words)

	Potential energy Summary
		Gravitational energy is the ultimate source of energy for some of the most fascinating phenomena in the universe; gravity is extremely effective in accelerating matter onto more massive bodies.
		The process starts with gravitational forces pulling the water to the bottom of the dam, where the gravitational energy is converted to kinetic energy (energy due to matter in motion).
		The energy is defined as a work against a specific force such as gravity, an elastic force of a spring in a clockwork motor, electric force, etc (and is usually named after that specific force).
	www.bookrags.com /Potential_energy (5076 words)

	Artificial satellites
		Therefore, binding energy of the pebble is a positive quantity and is equal to the magnitude of potential energy for the pebble.
		Therefore, binding energy of the system is a positive quantity, which is equal to the magnitude of the mechanical energy of the system.
		Binding energy is equal to the modulus of mechanical energy.
	cnx.org /content/m15114/latest (2473 words)

	Binding Energy in ZhurnalWiki
		It happens when thermal energies exceed the binding energy of the molecules.
		The binding energies of the nuclei are millions of times greater.
		The concept of binding energy could also be metaphorically applied to nonphysical entities...
	zhurnal.net /ww/zw?BindingEnergy (407 words)

	Energy List
		The GBE is the amount of gravitational energy that holds an object such as a planet or star together, and therefore is also the amount of energy required to destroy that object.
		The Planck Energy is an important concept in quantum physics and is considered to be a fundamental unit of energy.
		This is an extraordinarily large amount of energy on the subatomic scale and particle accelerators have yet to produce a particle with this magnitude of energy.
	www.angelfire.com /sc2/Trunko/energy.html (3667 words)

	Journal of Theoretics - Nonprofit peer-reviewed Journal of scientifically credible theories from all disciplines. ...
		The sensitivity of the gravitational pendulum is determined by its moments of inertia and its period and it can be easily shown that the sensitivity of gravitational pendulum is proportional to the square of its period.
		By using the quasi-resonance method, the gravitational excitation of the pendulum is performed by the upper (fourth) harmonic of the source mass’ rotating frequency.
		In the usual gravitational experiments the kinetic energy of the pendulum masses (or detector masses) are very small because of their tiny values of mass and very low oscillating frequency.
	www.journaloftheoretics.com /Articles/3-6/Grav-pub.htm (2010 words)

	Gravitational Waves - useful or wasteful? \| Science Blog
		Given that the gravitational waves are thought to degrade the orbits, not the rotation or binding energy of the pulsars, your comment is just a distraction.
		The positing of gravitational energy, and its radiation in gravity waves, is a residue of the association of gravitation with force.
		"Gravitational waves" are propagated due to the periodic changes in their combined gravitational field as each orbits the other, whether they are inspirally or not, and in either case there is no reason to believe the waves carry energy - any more than the orbit of the moon propagates energy-bearing waves toward earth.
	www.scienceblog.com /cms/gravitational-waves-useful-or-wasteful-15144.html (9482 words)

	The Function and Energetics of Entropy
		The 1st law of thermodynamics (energy conservation) is protected by the second law (entropy) in that it is the function of the second law to create dimensional conservation domains in which energy can be both used and conserved simultaneously.
		Gravitation creates time and spacetime, and as a negative form of spatial entropy, causes the contraction and warming of space, rather than the reverse, as in the case of the intrinsic motion of light.
		But this is the same energy that was intended to pay the gravitational entropy debt, so although gravity has converted spatial to temporal entropy, matter is left with the original gravitational energy debt unpaid.
	people.cornell.edu /pages/jag8/sect15.html (1841 words)

	5.3 Detection of the QNM Ringing (Site not responding. Last check: )
		For example, most of the codes fail to explain the high average pulsar velocity which is believed to be a result of a boost that the neutron star gets during the collapse due to anisotropy in the neutrino distribution [51].
		Finally, a phase-transition could lead to a sudden contraction during which a considerable part of the stars gravitational binding energy would be released, and it seems inevitable that part of this energy would be channeled into pulsations of the remnant.
		To obtain rough estimates for the typical gravitational wave amplitudes from a pulsating star we use the standard relation for the gravitational wave flux which is valid far away from the star [178
	www.univie.ac.at /EMIS/journals/LRG/Articles/lrr-1999-2/node14.html (1066 words)

	Protostar - Space Wiki
		Observations reveal that giant molecular clouds are approximately in a state of virial equilibrium—on the whole, the gravitational binding energy of the cloud is balanced by the kinetic energy of the cloud's constituent molecules.
		This is not caused by nuclear reactions but by the conversion of gravitational energy to thermal kinetic energy.
		The total energy of the particle must remain constant so the reduction in gravitational energy must be accompanied by an increase in the particle's kinetic energy.
	space.wikia.com /wiki/Protostar (834 words)

	CSA - Orbital
		Two objects in space are mutually attracted by gravitational forces created in space-time by their masses.
		The total amount of energy required to move an object totally beyond the gravitational effect of an attracting mass is called the gravitational binding energy.
		A payload launched with less kinetic energy than the gravitational binding energy will either fall back to the Earth or enter an elliptical orbit around the Earth (depending upon the direction of the velocity vector).
	www.space.gc.ca /asc/eng/educators/resources/orbital/physics_orbits.asp (239 words)

	Tech Commentaries - Directed Energy Weapons
		Given that the three primary energy weapons of the Star Trek universe (the blaster, disruptor, and phaser) all direct their energy by the phased energy rectification of nadions, it's somewhat understandable that "phaser" is sometimes used to refer to disruptors and blasters as well.
		This is accomplished by the sequential establishing of an initial, relatively low powered seven- to eight-stranded energy beam (as opposed to the three to six strands of more conventional particle weapons) that, in effect, serves as an energy-based prefire chamber (and is usually a visible characteristic of antiparticle beam weapons).
		Once the multistranded energy beam is established, it is followed by an amplified discharge of the main emitter that uses the initial beam to focus the primary energy onto the target.
	home.att.net /~tomjlee/startrek/tech-b.html (4812 words)

	Gravitational radiation in the Einstein, Brans-Dicke and Rosen bi-metric theories
		These observations simultaneously raise the question as to whether it might not also be possible to discriminate, on the basis of the same data, between general relativity and other competing theories of gravity whose predictions within the solar system are indistinguishable from Einstein's theory.
		Here we develop expressions for quadrupole gravitational radiation in the Brans-Dicke theory using the weak field technique and apply these results, which are applicable in general, to the specific example of PSR 1913+16, though its orbit is eccentric.
		While the gravitational constant does not vary with space-time position as in the Brans-Dicke theory, the energy-momentum tensor in the field equations is scaled by the square-root of the ratio of the determinants of the two metrics.
	www.davis-inc.com /relativity (1623 words)

	Projection in gravitational field
		Gravitational binding energy represents the energy required to eject a body out of the influence of a gravitational field.
		In the absence of friction, this energy is the mechanical energy (sum of potential and kinetic energy) in gravitational field.
		Now, it is clear from the definition of binding energy itself that the initial kinetic energy of the projection should be equal to the binding energy of the body in order that it moves out of the gravitational influence.
	cnx.org /content/m15150/latest (2584 words)

	Re: Vector gravitational field equations -- J^mu or J^mu^nu (Site not responding. Last check: )
		If gravitatation couples equally to all of these -- that is, if all of these contribute to "gravitational mass" proportionally to their rest mass-energies, then our composite body will have the same free- -fall acceleration ("little g") as a test particle.
		The one "major" type of mass-energy that's not usefully tested by these experiments is gravitational (self-)binding energy, because all lab-sized test masses have negligible fractions of their total rest-mass made up of gravitational (self-)binding energy.
		if gravitational binding energy were to couple to gravity with a strength of (say) 1+eta times that of other types of mass-energy, we'd expect the Earth and the Moon to have free-fall accelerations in the Sun's gravitational field differing by about eta parts in 10^10.
	www.lns.cornell.edu /spr/2003-09/msg0054484.html (909 words)

	Standard GUT drive
		During this process, the "binding energy" is released, and it's that which we use.
		For example, hydroelectric power works on gravitational binding energy - the water falls, becomes more tightly bound to the Earth, and releases energy in the form of kinetic energy which we use to drive turbines.
		The kinetic energy of the positrons is captured, and finally they are annihilated through combining them with electrons to squeeze out the last bit of rest mass energy, while the pions decay into gamma rays.
	www.orionsarm.com /ships/standard_GUT_drive.html (590 words)

	Ast 110: Class 27
		In general, what then happens is that it becomes hot enough to fuse the heavier elements in turn, which require higher temperatures because of the greater electrostatic repulsion between ever larger numbers of protons.
		Binding energy --- of protons and neutrons in a nucleus is a measure of how tightly bound the nucleaus is, and so (since energy is equivalent to mass) how much less mass a nucleus has than its constituent particles.
		This means that fusion of light nuclei into heavier ones (generally) produces energy, up to the fusion of iron, but beyond this it absorbs energy.
	www.ifa.hawaii.edu /~acowie/class99/class_27.html (857 words)

	Lecture 4: Matter & Gravity
		Another consequence of gravitating bodies is that there is a minimum speed an object must be given in order for it to escape from the gravity of its parent body.
		Basically, the stronger the gravity at the surface of a body, the faster you have to be going to escape from its gravitational clutches.
		The formula above is a "proportionality", it tells us how the binding energy scales with the mass and radius of the object.
	www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu /~pogge/Ast162/Intro/gravity.html (743 words)

	Lounge of the Lab Lemming: How to Destroy the Earth- Isotope Geochemist’s Method
		Binding energy is greatest at around 58 amu, so fusing lighter elements into elements in that mass range releases energy.
		If this energy is greater than the gravitational binding energy of the Earth, then fusing the mantle could potentially destroy the planet.
		However, our rather large energy excess means that we can compress the Earth to a radius of 7 meters (3/5 GM /r, assuming a homogenous Earth) before the binding energy becomes too great to exceed with fusion.
	lablemminglounge.blogspot.com /2008/02/how-to-destroy-earth-isotope.html (1015 words)

	Estimating Stellar Parameters from Energy Equipartition \| ScienceBits
		In them, half the energy is on average kinetic (motion of the gas) and half internal (pressure).
		In white dwarfs, the thermal energy is unimportant, instead, it is the degeneracy energy of the electrons which is expected to be comparable to the gravitational binding energy.
		In case of the binding energy of a star, such as the sun, the test mass is the mass itself,
	www.sciencebits.com /StellarEquipartition (1070 words)

	4.1 Gravitational collapse (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The convective energy transport increases the efficiency of energy deposition in the post-shock region by transporting heated material near the shock and cooler matter near the gain radius where the heating is strongest.
		They confirmed the low amount of energy radiated in gravitational waves regardless of the initial conditions of the collapse: axisymmetric, rotating or tidally deformed (see also [190]).
		This code achieves global energy conservation for a strongly perturbed neutron star spacetime, for which the total energy radiated away by gravitational waves corresponds to a significant fraction of the Bondi mass.
	www.univie.ac.at /EMIS/journals/LRG/Articles/lrr-2003-4/node11.html (4955 words)

	Re: relativistic counterpart of gravitational energy (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In article <9ab0n7$ei7$1@news.state.mn.us>, Charles Francis wrote: >in the Newtonian approximation the gravitational field >generated by different types of elementary particle is not necessarily >directly proportional to their inertial mass.
		Then the gravitational force on m1 is G m_p m2_a/r^2, while that on m2 is (oppositely directed) G m_p m1_a/r^2, so the net (sum) force will be nonzero, leading to a self-acceleration, i.e.
		The Kruezer experiment shows that active gravitational mass = passive gravitational mass for lab-sized bodies of very different chemical composition (= relative fractions of strong, weak, and electromagnetic binding energy, of protons, neutrons, and electrons, of differnt quark types).
	www.lns.cornell.edu /spr/2001-04/msg0032181.html (458 words)

	Star Wars vs Star Trek Hatemail: Stilgar
		Still we are dealing with a very powerful beam of energy that the DS has, I would not be surprised that just like an atom bomb in a bunch of hydrogen the laser would have been able to induce fusion, especially if like you claim it is supposed to deliver these huge amounts of energy.
		Since Earth's gravitational binding energy is 2.410^32 Joules, it means that only something like one quarter of one percent of the hydrogen in Earth's surface water needs to undergo fusion in order to provide enough energy* to overcome Earth's gravitational binding energy.
		As to the energy itself all I am preapared to conceed is in the range of gravitational binding energy, i.e.
	www.stardestroyer.net /Empire/HateMail/Stilgar.html (10529 words)

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