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Topic: Gravitational potential

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	Potential energy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Gravitational potential energy is the energy that would be released if an object in a gravitational field (such as the earth's gravitational field) were allowed to fall from its current position to a given reference level (such as the surface of the earth).
		The factors that affect an object's gravitational potential energy are: the mass of the object, the distance that it is raised, and the gravitational field strength.
		Gravitational potential is the potential energy per unit mass of an object due to its position in a gravitational field.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gravitational_potential (2227 words)

	Gravitational Potential Energy
		Gravitational potential energy is energy an object possesses because of its position in a gravitational field.
		The general expression for gravitational potential energy arises from the law of gravity and is equal to the work done against gravity to bring a mass to a given point in space.
		This is the form for the gravitational potential energy which is most useful for calculating the escape velocity from the earth's gravity.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/gpot.html (348 words)

	Potential Energy
		Gravitational potential energy is the energy stored in an object as the result of its vertical position (i.e., height).
		The gravitational potential energy of the massive ball of a demolition machines is dependent on two variables - the mass of the ball and the height to which it is raised.
		There is also a direct relation between gravitational potential energy and the height of an object; the higher that an object is elevated, the greater the gravitational potential energy.
	www.glenbrook.k12.il.us /gbssci/phys/Class/energy/u5l1b.html (1008 words)

	Potential - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Leading examples are the gravitational potential and the electric potential, from which the motion of gravitating or electrically charged bodies may be obtained.
		The gravitational field is a notable example of such a field.
		The mathematical study of potentials is known as potential theory; it is the study of harmonic functions on manifolds.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Potential (354 words)

	Electric Potential
		Gravitational potential would be a quantity which could be used to rate various locations about the surface of the Earth in terms of how much potential energy each kilogram of mass would possess when placed there.
		Gravitational potential then becomes a location dependent quantity; it describes the effects of a gravitational field upon objects which are placed at various locations within it.
		If gravitational potential is a means of rating various locations within an electric field in terms of the amount of potential energy per unit of mass, then the concept of electric potential must have a similar meaning.
	www.glenbrook.k12.il.us /gbssci/phys/Class/circuits/u9l1b.html (1599 words)

	The Physics Classroom
		The gravitational potential energy of the heavy ram of a pile driver is dependent on two variables - the mass of the ram and the height to which it is raised.
		To determine the gravitational potential energy of an object, a zero height position must first be arbitrarily assigned.
		Knowing that the potential energy at the top of the tall pillar is 30 J, what is the potential energy at the other positions shown on the hill and the stairs.
	www.physicsclassroom.com /Class/energy/u5l1b.html (1156 words)

	Electromagnetic Gravitational Interaction
		If electric potential is equal to zero in the given point of space then energy of alternating magnetic field passes entirely to the electric field and radiation gains the parameters of electromagnetic oscillations.
		The electromagnetic constituent is determined by gravitational potential and the magnetogravitational one is determined by electric potential.
		Magnetogravitational converter transforms gravitational energy of space-time into energy of electric field which in its turn is transformed into mechanical energy of the rotating magnetic system and electric energy of the load.
	www.uic.nnov.ru /~kovy2/conf_in.htm (1513 words)

	Gravitational Contraction and Star Formation
		The source of the energy for star formation is gravitational collapse - this collapse must provide enough energy to heat the gas of the protostar to the ignition point of hydrogen fusion, some 15 million Kelvins.
		If the total mass of all the visible objects is too small to give that amount of gravitational potential energy, then the implication is that there is matter there which you cannot see (dark matter).
		As a collection of gas begins the process of gravitational collapse, that collapse is opposed by radiation pressure.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/astro/gravc.html (433 words)

	Gravitational Potential Energy
		This energy was stored as potential energy in the gravitational field of the Earth and came out of storage as the water dropped.
		This increase in kinetic energy during the fall is due to the drop in gravitational potential energy during the fall.
		Potential energy is often described as stored energy, and this is a fine description.
	id.mind.net /~zona/mstm/physics/mechanics/energy/gravitationalPotentialEnergy/gravitationalPotentialEnergy.html (876 words)

	Lesson 39: Gravitational Potential Energy
		Potential energy is a concept that you have already studied a few times in previous courses.
		This particular kind of potential energy is the main topic of this lesson and is called gravitational potential energy.
		Example 1: Determine the gravitational potential energy of a 900 kg elephant held 1.3 m above a desk that is 1.2 m high, as shown in the completely realistic and undoctored photo to the right.
	www.studyphysics.ca /newnotes/20/unit02_circulargravitation/chp1011_energy/lesson39.htm (687 words)

	Natural Length Contraction Due to Gravity
		In this paper, we consider separately the influence of the gravitational potential on atoms, assuming momentarily that the kinetic energy is maintained at zero.
		Gravitational acceleration is also a change of velocity, due to a non-pin-point gravitational field distributed all over the space where the accelerated mass is. This accelerating force is a field, which acts simultaneously on all individual particles forming the accelerated mass.
		When we refer to "x meters" located in a given gravitational potential, it is impossible to distinguish whether we refer to the numerical "number x" (a pure number) times an assumed standard units of length, or if we refer to the "physical length" equal to "x meters".
	www.newtonphysics.on.ca /Gravity/gravity.html (7910 words)

	Gravitational Potential Energy
		If you marked the horizontal axis for the reference point and the distance of the object, the gravitational potential energy would be represented by the area bounded by the graph and the horizontal axis, between the two marked points.
		The last formula you cite is the gravitational potential energy with respect to a specific point, and the first gives you the GPE difference between two points.
		It is the initial potential at radius a, minus the potential at radius b.
	www.physicsforums.com /showthread.php?threadid=79189 (1335 words)

	The Gravitational Potential for a Moving Observer, (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Once the full "dynamic" gravitational potential is developed, we will apply it to an analysis of Mercury's anomalous perihelion advance and the deflection of a solar grazing photon, and show that the form and results of the solutions are identical to those derived utilizing GRT.
		However, if the gravitational red-shift for the observer with an initial velocity is different than that for the stationary observer, then the gravitational effect on the moving clock will also not be to the same degree as that on the stationary clock.
		Therefore, the gravitational red-shift as measured by a moving observer at a certain point in the field must be the same as that measured by a stationary observer, and we see that Newton's static gravitational potential must be modified to reflect the effects of motion through a gravitational field as is done in equation (10).
	renshaw.teleinc.com /papers/ieeeiva/ieeeiva.stm (2096 words)

	Potential Energy
		Potential energy exists whenever an object which has mass has a position within a force field.
		The most everyday example of this is the position of objects in the earth's gravitational field.
		The potential energy of an object in this case is given by the relation:
	jersey.uoregon.edu /vlab/PotentialEnergy/index.html (490 words)

	Gravitational Redshift
		Gravitational redshift experiments are tests of conservation of energy in a gravitational potential.
		A photon lower in a gravitational potential expends energy to climb out, and this energy cost is seen as a redshift.
		The equivalence principle is used to transform the gravitational potential to a speed (this only involves dividing phi by the constant c^2).
	world.std.com /~sweetser/quaternions/gravity/redshift/redshift.html (351 words)

	Electric energy and potential
		An object near the surface of the Earth experiences a nearly uniform gravitational field with a magnitude of g; its gravitational potential energy is mgh.
		A charge in a uniform electric field E has an electric potential energy which is given by qEd, where d is the distance moved along (or opposite to) the direction of the field.
		If you know the potential at a point, and you then place a charge at that point, the potential energy associated with that charge in that potential is simply the charge multiplied by the potential.
	physics.bu.edu /~duffy/PY106/Potential.html (1010 words)

	THE GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL FOR A MOVING OBSERVER AND THE PERIHELION SHIFT OF MERCURY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		This dynamic potential is applied to the problem of Mercury's orbit and photon deflection, fully accounting for both, and providing a result identical in form and value to that obtained utilizing the curved space-time of GRT.
		In this case the gravitational effect on the moving clock will also not be to the same degree as that on the stationary clock, since the two effects derive from the same equation.
		Consequently, Newton's static gravitational potential must be modified to reflect the effects of motion through a gravitational field as is done in equation (10).
	renshaw.teleinc.com /papers/pegrav/pegrav.stm (3038 words)

	gravitational potential energy concept from the Astronomy knowledge base (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		There is no general reference level (analogous to the state of rest of a body in defining kinetic energy), and so we customarily define the change in gravitational potential energy as the negative of the work done by the gravitational forces during the bodys change of position.
		The energy is not lost, however, because we can retrieve it by allowing the weight to fall back to the floor.
		While the weight is on the table, we say that the energy is stored as gravitational potential energy.
	www.site.uottawa.ca:4321 /astronomy/gravitationalpotentialenergy.html (161 words)

	Gravitational and Electric Potential Energy
		In the previous activity, you have used the fact that the change in gravitational potential energy is equal to the mass of the object multiplied by the acceleration due to the earth's gravitational field multiplied by the change in the height of the object.
		Potential difference describes how much the potential energy changes if a unit test object is moved from one point to another in a force field.
		The potential difference is created by the source that is producing the force field, not by the test object.
	www.as.wvu.edu /coll03/phys/www/rotter/phys201/6_Electricity/Grav_&_Elec_PE.htm (1711 words)

	Physics Tutoring: Potential Energy and Conservation of Energy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		As it falls, its potential energy decreases because the elevation h decreases, and its kinetic energy increases because its velocity increases (kinetic energy is given by KE = 1/2 mv
		A: a) The potential energy of an object is, by definition, the energy of position with respect to a given reference.
		In this case the elevation of either of the two mountain peaks with respect to the bottom of the valley (taken as reference) does not need to be known.
	www.slcc.edu /schools/hum_sci/physics/tutor/2210/potential_energy (678 words)

	GRAVITY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		In the gravitational field it is convenient to define the zero potential energy configuration to be one in which the two particles are separated by a large distance (infinity).
		The potential energy is always negative and is a property of the two masses together rather than of either mass alone.
		The gravitational potential can be used to calculate the minimum initial speed that a projectile must have to escape from the earth.
	teacher.nsrl.rochester.edu /phy121/LectureNotes/Chapter14/Chapter14.html (2286 words)

	Gravitational Potential Energy
		We first briefly review the familiar subject of gravitational potential energy near the Earth’s surface, such as in a room.
		To see what this potential function looks like on a larger scale, going far from the Earth, it is necessary first to decide where it is most natural to set it equal to zero.
		The above is a map of the potential energy “hill” to be climbed in going away from the Earth vertically upwards from any point.
	galileo.phys.virginia.edu /classes/152.mf1i.spring02/GravPotEnergy.htm (994 words)

	Gravitational Potential Energy
		The total energy in this case is the sum of the kinetic and gravitational potential energy, and is conserved.
		In this case it is the kinetic energy which is being transformed into gravitational potential energy.
		Using the figures for the motion of an object in free fall from the previous chapter, graphs of the various energies of this motion are as follows.
	theory.uwinnipeg.ca /mod_tech/node32.html (294 words)

	The electric scalar potential
		Thus, the scalar potential is just the sum of the potentials generated by each of the charges taken in isolation.
		The SI unit of electric potential is the volt, which is equivalent to a joule per coulomb.
		We are familiar with the idea that a particle moving in a gravitational field possesses potential energy as well as kinetic energy.
	farside.ph.utexas.edu /teaching/em/lectures/node29.html (563 words)

	A Study of the Retarded Gravitational Field
		The gravitational wave has not yet been directly detected, but the observations of the pulsar binaries are now accurate enough that the orbital decay due to gravitational radiation can be measured [6].
		The wave is due to gravitational field of a distant mass.
		In that frame of reference, and in the weak field limit, the gravitational 4-potential along the future light cone is equivalent to the simple inverse square law relationship of the Newton theory if the particle is moving at a constant velocity.
	www.s-4.com /retard (1024 words)

	Gravitational Potential and Tidal Forces
		We remember from basic gravitational theory that the gravitational potential U at a point P is the work done in moving from P to infinity.
		The potential at a point P, distance r and direction cosines l,m,n from the centre of the coordinate system, is the sum of the effects of all the elements of the arbitrarily shaped body.
		We shall look at the case of a third body of negligible mass moving in the gravitational field due to two larger bodies: this would be the case for, say, a space probe or a small satellite moving under the influence of the Earth and Sun.
	www.apl.ucl.ac.uk /lectures/3c37/3c37-6.html (3597 words)

	gravitational potential energy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		is: the potential energy that a body has by virtue of its position in a gravitational field.
		requires for its full definition: a position of zero gravitational potential energy to be arbitrarily chosen, since only differences in gravitational potential energy are physically meaningful.
		changes: in going from point A to point B, by an amount equal to the negative of the work done by the gravitational field when the body is moved from A to B. is exemplified: by the gravitational potential energy of a particle of mass
	www.rdg.ac.uk /physicsnet/units/flap/glossary/GG/GRAVPERG.HTM (113 words)

	Gravitational potential (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The gravitational force on a particle of mass m at distance r from the center of the Earth is given by: F
		Sketch a graph of the potential energy of the particle from r = 0 to 2R
		As it turns out, the net work done by the Earth's gravitational field on the package during the portion of its fall from height h to the surface of the Earth is the same as the work done as the package falls from the surface of the Earth to its center.
	courses.ncssm.edu /physics/prob210/santa/gravpot.html (337 words)

	Sources of Gravitational Waves
		The reason the earth is not bathed in strong and quite painful gravitational radiation is due to the strength of gravity.
		The total gravitational attraction of the system can be determined by this simple model, but a description of the actual gravitational field generated by these two stars is quite complicated.
		Again, some parts are higher in the gravitational field than others, and gravitational radiation is shed as the combined lump of neutron star becomes more and more spherical.
	www.gothosenterprises.com /gravitational_waves/sources.html (1276 words)

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