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Topic: Gravitational slingshot

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	Slingshot - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A slingshot, also called a shanghai or a catapult (not to be confused with either the catapult siege engine or shepherd's sling) is a small hand-powered projectile weapon.
		A slingshot champion appearing on the David Letterman Show some years ago said to hold the projectile pocket at a fixed position near the body, such as the hip, and move the frame based on gut feeling and practice, just like a gunslinger or hip-shooter in the American wild west.
		The slingshot is not related to the sling.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Slingshot (612 words)

	Gravitational slingshot - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In orbital mechanics and aerospace engineering, a gravitational slingshot is the use of the motion of a planet to alter the path and speed of an interplanetary spacecraft.
		A slingshot maneuver around a planet changes a spacecraft's velocity relative to the Sun, even though it preserves the spacecraft's speed relative to the planet (as it must do, according to the law of conservation of energy).
		The various gravitational slingshots form visible peaks on the left, while the periodic variation on the right is caused by the spacecraft's orbit around Saturn.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gravitational_slingshot (1513 words)

	Zoom Astronomy Glossary: G
		G is Newton's gravitational constant (also called the universal gravitational constant), a fundamental constant of nature that determines the strength of the force of the gravitational interaction between objects.
		Gravitational lensing is the displacement of light due to the warping of space by a gravitational lens (a massive object in space that bends light that passes by it, due to the gravitational forces).
		The first time that this gravitational slingshot maneuver was used was in the 1970's, when the spacecraft Voyager used multiple gravity assist flybys of the aligned planets Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, to boost the spacecraft beyond the gas giants.
	www.enchantedlearning.com /subjects/astronomy/glossary/indexg.shtml (3017 words)

	USS Clueless - Orbital slingshot
		The gravitational force in question is the same for both in absolute terms, but not proportionally.
		Since the gravitational pull of Voyager 2 on Jupiter was against Jupiter's movement in orbit, it caused Jupiter to lose energy and to drop into a lower orbit around the Sun.
		Jupiter also exerted gravitational force on Voyager 2, and though the magnitude of the force was the same, Voyager 2's mass is much smaller and when operating on Voyager 2, that force was not negligible.
	denbeste.nu /cd_log_entries/2003/09/Orbitalslingshot.shtml (2309 words)

	Gravitational Slingshot
		Interplanetary space probes often make use of the "gravitational slingshot" effect to propel them to high velocities.
		For example, Voyager 2 performed a close flyby of Saturn on the 27th of August in 1981, which had the effect of slinging it toward its flyby of Uranus on the 30th of January in 1986.
		Of course, in practice the external gravitational field of a planet would not be strong enough to "grab" the spaceship once it was travelling above a certain speed.
	www.mathpages.com /home/kmath114.htm (715 words)

	sling
		Many spaceprobes utilise the gravitational slingshot effect to increase their speed and hence their kinetic energy.
		To do this their flight path must pass close to a planet and the probe must be travelling in the opposite direction to the planetin its orbital path about the sun.
		We are interested for the gravitational slingshot problem in the speed of mass 2 after the collision in terms of the initial speeds of both masses.
	www.egglescliffe.org.uk /physics/gravitation/slingshot/sling.html (580 words)

	Gravitational slingshot: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		(a gravitational slingshot is the use of the motion of a planet to alter the path and speed of an interplanetary interplanetary travel quick summary:
		Slingshots using the Sun are certainly possible, EHandler: no quick summary.
		The schwarzschild radius or gravitational radius is a characteristic radius associated with every mass....
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/g/gr/gravitational_slingshot.htm (2890 words)

	The Slingshot Effect (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Slingshot Effect -A light-speed breakaway factor - a warp speed maneuver used to propel a starship through time.
		The gravitational slingshot allows objects to change their speed and trajectory.
		The gravitational slingshot can be considered as a hyperbolic orbit for it travels around a planet but in a non-circular orbit.
	www.crystalinks.com /slingshot.html (404 words)

	RedOrbit - Reference Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		It is commonly described as the speed needed to break free from a gravitational field, but one should keep in mind that gravitational fields are infinite in extent (in theory).
		Moreover, the gravitational slingshot effect sometimes involves transfer of energy to the projectile from the slingshot body that depends on the spatial relationship between projectile and body.
		Therefore, the complete gravitational field of the slingshot body must be included in the overall field, which then can no longer be approximatively treated as symmetric.
	www.redorbit.com /education/reference_library?article_id=196 (503 words)

	BattleSpace - Terran Space Technology
		After a VCC has been used to determine the true destination position and hyperspace alignment vectors, a gravitational positioner is used to precisely orient the ship in the required direction.
		This huge warp in space, called a 'gravitational slingshot', is focussed and engulfs the ship just before the hyperdrive blows, collapsing the entire wormhole.
		Hyperdrives cannot be activated whilst under the influence of a strong gravitational field such as that from large stellar bodies as it would cause the gravitational slingshot to de-stabilise and send the ship light years off course, possibly into untraversable wasteland space that surrounds the galaxy.
	www.ozbricks.com /battlespace/theory.htm (1833 words)

	gravity assist
		Also known as the slingshot effect, an important spaceflight technique used successfully on a number of interplanetary missions, including Voyager, Galileo, and Cassini, whereby the gravitational field of a planet is used to increase the speed and alter the course of a spacecraft without the need to expend fuel.
		The inbound flight path is carefully chosen so that the spacecraft will be whipped around the assisting body, being both accelerated and deflected on a hyperbolic trajectory.
		At the upper left, you can see that the accelerating force of Jupiter's gravitation has made a significant change in the direction of the spacecraft's velocity, but not in its magnitude.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/G/gravityassist.html (1048 words)

	Scientific American: Some space probes, such as Galileo, were deliberately aimed close to planets in order to increase ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Scientific American: Some space probes, such as Galileo, were deliberately aimed close to planets in order to increase their velocity through a gravitational "slingshot" effect.
		To increase its velocity, a spacecraft must approach the planet from behind; for deceleration, the spacecraft must approach the planet from the front (that is, from the direction in which the planet is traveling around the sun).
		It is true that the magnitudes of the approach and departure velocities with respect to the planet are equal, but the direction of the departure velocity is changed by the gravitational attraction of the planet.
	www.sciam.com /print_version.cfm?articleID=0001B3B9-8D66-1C72-9EB7809EC588F2D7 (685 words)

	Comet Giacobini-Zinner (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Multiple "slingshot" propulsion manuevers place the IEEE-3 spacecraft in position to view Comet Giacobini-Zinner.
		From an undramatic history, ICE became prominent as it was steered through 37 propulsive maneuvers,five lunar flybys, and two close passes of the Earth during an eighteen month period to send it out to intercept the orbit of Comet G-Z. Its path brought it within 120 km of the moon's surface on one pass.
		Comet G-Z had a thin, straight primarily ion tail, in contrast to the more commonly observed broad dust tails.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/solar/gz.html (165 words)

	National Partnership for Advanced Computational Infrastructure: Archives
		Instead of being swallowed, the star gains so much speed that it is hurled outward in a "gravitational slingshot" effect that gives it sufficient velocity to escape the fl hole pair.
		NASA used the same slingshot effect to fly its Cassini spacecraft within 750 miles of Earth in a 1999 maneuver that threw the spacecraft outward toward its destination of Saturn.
		Such gravitational waves, if detected, would not only provide a "signature" revealing the fl holes, but also yield information about their orbits, masses, and spins–and furnish the first-ever test of Einstein’s Theory of General Relativity under such extreme conditions.
	www.npaci.edu /envision/v18.2/blackhole.html (1371 words)

	Orbits - Gravitational Assist from Planets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Gravitational Force varies in proportion to the Mass of the attracting body and inversely with the square of the distance to the body.
		Only quite near the planets, does the planetary gravity become stronger than that of the Sun.The first reaction is to determine the point between Sun and Planet where their gravitational forces cancel out.
		Since there is orbit acceleration as well as a gravitational one, these have to be considered also.
	www.go.ednet.ns.ca /~larry/orbits/gravasst/gravasst.html (933 words)

	gravitational slingshotting
		Unless I misunderstand slingshotting, you are exploiting - not the gravity of the planet - but the motion of the planet in its orbit.
		The gravitational slingshot mechanism boils down to the observation that while the total energy of two bodies interacting gravitationally is conserved, the way that the energy is distributed between the bodies is not fixed.
		now, from the perspective of the planet whether the probe is flying in (before the slingshot) or flying out (after the slingshot), because of conservation of energy, given the same distance from the planet, the velocities have to be the same.
	www.physicsforums.com /showthread.php?p=978216#post978216 (2520 words)

	I just figured something out... - Ex Isle Forums
		When slingshoting past Jupiter, the solar field is much smaller than the Jovian gravitational field.
		Slingshoting is, as you, a matter of momentum transfer, NOT a matter of orbital structure or mechanics (though they play a role) Jupiter is massive enough to fling Digger-1 like a ragdoll, even at many times the solar escape velocity provided Digger-1 passes close enough.
		All slingshots exceed escape velocity, but this is a bit much for a 180 degree turnaround.
	www.exisle.net /mb/index.php?showtopic=27930 (1329 words)

	Re: Energy source
		You are right that the energy source may have been the kinetic energy of the earth, as you describe in point 1.
		However, in the slingshot example, the smaller object receives energy from the linear momentum of the larger object, not its rotation.
		The gravitational slingshot is like an elastic collision in which the objects never actually touch each other.
	www.besslerwheel.com /wwwboard/messages/22.html (769 words)

	slingshot - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		In many interplanetary missions, a spacecraft flies past a third planet and uses the planet’s gravitational field to bend the craft’s trajectory and...
		A catapult can be as small as a rubber band slingshot used to skim rocks across a pond or...
		Exclusively for MSN Encarta Premium Subscribers--quickly search thousands of articles from magazines such as Time, Newsweek, The Atlantic Monthly, and Smithsonian.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /slingshot.html (92 words)

	Math Awareness Month
		In the case of the 2-body problem, where the only force involved is the gravitational attraction between the two bodies, it is frequently said that Newton was able to give a complete solution.
		Its subsequent orbit is then determined by the gravitational forces upon it due to the sun and planets.
		One such method is known as the "slingshot" or "gravity-assisted trajectory." By aiming a space vehicle in a way that crosses the orbit of another planet or moon just behind that body, the path of the vehicle will be deflected, sending it on its way to the next target with minimum expenditure of fuel.
	www.mathaware.org /mam/05/space.exploration.html (2671 words)

	Vectors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		NASA frequently uses the gravitational slingshot effect to increase a space probes velocity with respect to the sun.
		I have developed a spreadsheet that calculates a slingshot trajectory around the Sun.
		In this exercise, we have used the Sun to slingshot to another galaxy.
	physics.uwstout.edu /geo/uniphys/slingshot.htm (449 words)

	Universe Today - Buffy the Kuiper Belt Object
		Most of these high-eccentricity orbits are the result of Neptune "flinging" the object outward by a gravitational slingshot.
		These objects are generally thought to have been scattered out to their present orbits by a gravitational slingshot with Neptune.
		As both Sedna and 2000 CR105 also travel beyond 500 AU from the sun, one theory is that after being scattered by Neptune, a passing star could have pulled their closest approaches away from the Sun.
	www.universetoday.com /am/publish/printer_unusual_kuiper_object.html (1271 words)

	Comments on 18578 \| MetaFilter
		The story mentions that traditional space missions use the slingshot effect to gain momentum from the gravity of near by planets, moons and sun.
		Note that the slingshot is also used to slow down after a fast trip: instead of coming in behind the planet and vaulting past with more speed, you come in ahead and loop backwards with less speed.
		And, since all the planets and moons and their gravitational influences are in motion, the layout of the "freeway" network will be constantly moving itself; mission planners will need to calculate the network as a function of time, rather than a static map.
	www.metafilter.com /mefi/18578 (2148 words)

	Paradoxes Resolved, Origins Illuminated - Stellar Oscillations across Spiral Arms
		The gravitational slingshot effect which makes 2-body capture unlikely, is complicated for objects as small as comets by the slingshot effects of the Solar System's planets, especially its "gas giants".
		I was quoting you in my last post, and assuming you were alluding to the gravitational Slingshot Effect, which confounds two body capture in astronomical contexts.
		Gravitational force between any two objects is independent of their relative speed, so already fast comets only become faster as they approach a star.
	www.metaresearch.org /msgboard/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=689&#10156 (3065 words)

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