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Topic: Gravity Probe B

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	Gravity Probe B - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Gravity Probe B (GP-B) is a satellite-based mission to measure the stress-energy tensor (the distribution, and especially the motion, of matter) in and near Earth, and thus to test related models; in application of Einstein's general theory of relativity.
		Gravity Probe B is a relativity gyroscope experiment funded by NASA.
		Gravity Probe B marks the first time in history that a university has been in control of the development and operations of a space satellite funded by NASA.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gravity_Probe_B (1958 words)

	Probe To Aid Understanding of Space-time - Daily Nexus Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Gravity Probe B will use a device called a gyroscope to test whether space-time is really curved by mass.
		The gyroscopes in the gravity probe are made of quartz spheres 1.5 inches in diameter.
		Objects in orbit, such as the gravity probe, are in a state of free fall.
	www.ucsbdailynexus.com /news/2004/7268.html (1186 words)

	Review of Gravity Probe B: Notice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Just as Newton's law of gravity is paralleled by Coulomb's law of electricity, so also it is expected that the force between currents of electrical charge, described by Ampere's law, should be paralleled by a force between "currents" of flowing matter.
		Gravity Probe B is one of the few space missions NASA has conducted with relevance to fundamental physics.
		In addition to detecting the new gravitomagnetic effect of frame dragging, Gravity Probe B should be able to measure the geodetic precession of its gyroscopes to an unprecedented accuracy of about 75 parts per million (ppm).
	fermat.nap.edu /html/gpb/summary.html (2234 words)

	NASA - Gravity Probe Launched
		Gravity Probe B was successfully launched on its mission to test two extraordinary predictions of Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity.
		After a 24-hour delay, Gravity Probe B (GP-B) was launched Tuesday, April 20 at 12:57 p.m.
		The gyroscopes for Gravity Probe B are not flywheels but electrically supported spheres, spinning in a vacuum.
	www.nasa.gov /missions/highlights/launch_update_gpb.html (551 words)

	Lockheed Martin-Built Gravity Probe B Spacecraft Readied for Launch
		When Gravity Probe B is launched into a 400-mile-high polar orbit, the instrument apparatus will measure tiny changes in spin axis orientation of the four ultra-precise gyroscopes contained within.
		The principle behind the Gravity Probe B measurement is that ideal rotating gyroscopes, free of disturbing forces, always point in the same direction in inertial space.
		"Gravity Probe B is one of the few space missions NASA has conducted with relevance to fundamental physics," stated a review of GP-B undertaken in 1995 by the Space Studies Board of the National Research Council.
	universe.nasa.gov /press/2004/040401b.html (939 words)

	Boston.com / News / Nation / Probe eyes key concept of physics
		Yesterday, the space agency announced that Gravity Probe B is finally ready for launch on April 17.
		Gravity Probe B has been on the chopping block so many times that its bespectacled lead scientist has become a fixture on Capitol Hill for his successful lobbying to keep it funded.
		Now, the scientific supporters of Gravity Probe B say the extraordinary predictions made by general relativity can finally be tested.
	www.boston.com /news/nation/articles/2004/04/03/probe_eyes_key_concept_of_physics (922 words)

	Gravity Probe B
		Gravity has long been a mystery to man. Seeking to unlock the secret of the force that drew objects to one another, 18th-century physicist Issac Newton first formally proposed a theory that would be applied as a matter of course over the next two centuries--until Albert Einstein.
		The idea of an experiment like the Gravity Probe B was conceived in 1959 by the late Dr. Leonard Schiff, a Stanford University professor.
		But it is believed that Gravity Probe B will be capable of determining the existence and magnitude of these non-Newtonian drifts.
	www.friends-partners.org /oldfriends/jgreen/gravprob.html (821 words)

	SPACE.com -- Gravity Probe B Faces New Setback
		Artist's representation of Gravity Probe B. While thermal vacuum testing of Gravity Probe B revealed three blown fuses on the spacecraft, program officials say the satellite should be ready to launch by November.
		Weiler, who threatened in 1999 to cancel Gravity Probe B after a critical component of the spacecraft failed a key performance test, said he has commissioned two independent reviews of the program that are to be completed by mid-April.
		In addition to examining the cost, schedule, and viability of Gravity Probe B in light of the latest setback, the review panel will also be asked to measure the scientific value of the mission against the cost of forgoing other space science activities to pay for the new overruns.
	www.space.com /missionlaunches/grav_probe_b_030304.html (1054 words)

	Gravity Probe B
		Gravity Probe B is a "Relativity Gyroscope Satellite" that will be launched into a polar earth orbit at a 400 mile altitude.
		Gravity Probe B claims, however, that its precision is to 1% or better.
		Gravity Probe B is a physics experiment and not an astrophysics experiment because it does not rely on any stellar phenomena that may not be totally understood.
	www.macalester.edu /astronomy/research/chrissy/Links/gpb.html (1096 words)

	Review of Gravity Probe B: Executive Summary
		The experiment now known as Gravity Probe B (GP-B) was conceived more than 30 years ago.
		Gravity Probe B aspires to detect and measure, at the 1 percent level, the gravitomagnetic field produced by the spinning Earth through a spin-spin interaction with an orbiting gyroscope.
		The task group is highly impressed with the extraordinary talents and abilities of the technical team assembled to create Gravity Probe B. The group has consistently solved technical problems with great inventiveness and ingenuity.
	newton.nap.edu /html/html2/gpb/gpbexe.html (2260 words)

	A Pocket of Near-Perfection
		The probe, which launched April 20th on a mission to test an unproven aspect of Einstein's theory of relativity, is by all accounts a marvel of human ingenuity and know-how.
		Enter Gravity Probe B. The idea behind the experiment is simple: Put a spinning gyroscope into orbit around the Earth, with the spin axis pointed toward some distant star as a fixed reference point.
		Right: One of the spherical gyroscopes used in Gravity Probe B. Being in orbit allows the spheres to float within their housings as if weightless, but without other controls, the spinning spheres would still tend to drift and bump into the walls of their containers.
	science.nasa.gov /headlines/y2004/26apr_gpbtech.htm (1407 words)

	Gravity Probe-B in orbit to test Einstein theory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The US probe Gravity Probe-B was launched into orbit Tuesday to test Albert Einstein's theory of relativity, NASA announced.
		The probe was launched at 9:57 am (1657 GMT) from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California aboard a Boeing-built Delta II rocket, according to NASA spokesman George Diller.
		The probe will seek to prove German-born Einstein's theory of relativity, that time and space are distorted by the presence of massive objects.
	www.spacedaily.com /2004/040420205314.uu78n3bl.html (222 words)

	ScienceDaily: NASA Gravity Probe B Mission Enters Science Phase, Ready To Test Einstein's Theory
		Gravity Probe B (GP-B), a NASA spacecraft to test two predictions of Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity, achieved a major milestone this past week with the completion of the Initialization and Orbit Calibration (IOC) phase of its mission and the transition into the science phase.
		NASA Gravity Probe B Mission Enters Science Phase, Ready To Test Einstein's Theory (September 9, 2004) -- Gravity Probe B, a NASA spacecraft to test two predictions of Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity, achieved a major milestone last week with the completion of the first phase of its...
		Gravity Probe B Reaches One-month Milestone (May 25, 2004) -- One month into the mission, all spacecraft subsystems are continuing to perform well.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2004/09/040908091101.htm (1467 words)

	New Scientist Breaking News - Neutron stars steal space probe's glory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Gravity Probe B, which carries ultra-sensitive gyroscopes, was conceived in the 1950s to measure these forces, but was only launched in April 2004.
		So the big prize for Gravity Probe B is now the gravitomagnetic effect, which is hundreds of times weaker than the geodetic effect and is unlikely to be seen in the near future by Stairs's team.
		If he is right, the team could challenge Gravity Probe B for the first observation of this force.
	www.newscientist.com /article.ns?id=dn6372 (659 words)

	BBC - Radio 4 - Frontiers 23/04/2003
		Gravity Probe B is a satellite containing some of the most precise measuring devices ever built.
		Everitt has dedicated 42 years to Gravity Probe B and hopes this year will finally see his life’s work come to fruition with the Probe’s launch.
		Peter Evans visits Stanford University - the home of Gravity Probe B - to find out how this extraordinary experiment came to be, why it has taken so long and why the plug may be pulled at the last minute.
	www.bbc.co.uk /radio4/science/frontiers_20030423.shtml (409 words)

	Glitches weigh down NASA's gravity probe - Space.com - MSNBC.com
		Gravity Probe B is an experiment developed by NASA and Stanford University to precisely test two predictions of Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity, measuring how space and time are warped by Earth's presence and how Earth's rotation drags space-time around with it.
		As is the case for studying geodetic precession, Gravity Probe B measurements are so accurate that it might enable scientists for the first time to see deviations from Einstein's theory, Salamon added.
		"Gravity Probe B is one of the few space missions NASA has conducted with relevance to fundamental physics," states a 1995 "accelerated scientific review" of the mission undertaken by the Space Studies Board of the National Research Council.
	www.msnbc.msn.com /id/3848296 (1670 words)

	World: NASA Set To Launch Probe To Test Einstein's Famous Theory - RADIO FREE EUROPE / RADIO LIBERTY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Scientists say that if Einstein is correct, NASA's Gravity Probe B should be able to detect that a small bit of time and space are actually missing from the orbit of such large objects in space.
		Gravity Probe B studies very fundamental questions, and it does it in a very simple manner -- the simpler something is, the more difficult it is, and I would say that is the case with Gravity Probe B," Kenney said.
		If Einstein's theory is correct, scientists say the NASA probe should be able to detect that a small bit of time and space are actually missing from the orbit of such large objects in space.
	www.rferl.org /featuresarticle/2004/04/768d7c5f-971f-4321-a16d-bcbe67280e4e.html (1116 words)

	New Scientist Breaking News - Gravity probe safely makes it to orbit
		NASA's Gravity Probe B mission has blasted off successfully and has begun a 44-day period in which it gears up to test Einstein's theory of gravity with exquisite precision.
		The three-tonne probe survived the riskiest part of its mission - the launch - when a Delta II rocket lifted off from Vandenberg Air Force Base in Southern California at 1757 GMT on Tuesday.
		Gravity Probe B houses four gyroscopes - the most perfect spheres ever created - that could measure the "frame dragging" caused by Earth.
	www.newscientist.com /article.ns?id=dn4910 (446 words)

	SPACE.com -- Gravity Probe B: Delay in Space and Time
		Gravity Probe B is an experiment developed by NASA and Stanford University to precisely test two predictions of Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity, measuring how space and time are warped by the presence of the Earth and how the Earth's rotation drags space-time around with it.
		"Gravity Probe B is one of the few space missions NASA has conducted with relevance to fundamental physics," states a 1995 "accelerated scientific review" of the mission undertaken by the Space Studies Board of the National Research Council (NRC).
		In the event that Gravity Probe B does yield results different from those predicted by general relativity, "the scientific world would almost certainly not be prepared to accept them until confirmed by a repeat mission using GP-B backup hardware, or by a new mission using different technology."
	www.space.com /businesstechnology/technology/gravity_probe_b_031231.html (1540 words)

	Gravity Probe-B data collection ends: Was Einstein correct?
		This year, physicists celebrate the 100th anniversary of Einstein's "miraculous year," in which he received his doctorate in physics from the University of Zurich and published four seminal papers, including the special theory of relativity and a paper on light that garnered him the Nobel Prize in 1921.
		With general relativity, Einstein forever changed our Newtonian view of gravity as a force, postulating rather that space and time are inextricably woven into a four-dimensional fabric called spacetime, and that gravity is simply the warping and twisting of the fabric of spacetime by massive celestial bodies.
		Bob Kahn is the public affairs coordinator for Gravity Probe B at Stanford.
	news-service.stanford.edu /news/2005/october12/gpbempty-092805.html (1466 words)

	Frequently Asked Questions about Gravity Probe B
		Gravity Probe A was a joint program of NASA-Marshall Space Flight Center and the Astrophysical Observatory of the Smithsonian Institution.
		We at Gravity Probe B are looking for predicted changes to the local electromagnetic field in accordance with the amount of warp, or curvature, created by the presence of the mass-energy of the Earth.
		Gravity Probe B is designed to measure this effect with an accuracy of 1 per cent but it will be no easy task the slightest interference from unwanted forces will overwhelm the results." - B. Ianotta.
	einstein.stanford.edu /content/faqs/faqs.html (4155 words)

	Gravity Probe B Photos - Marshall Space Flight Center Space News
		The Gravity Probe B spacecraft is shown in orbit around the Earth, as viewed by a camera mounted on the second stage of the Delta II rocket that carried it to space.
		The Gravity Probe B mission is set for launch from Vandenberg Air Force Base, Calif., aboard a Boeing Delta II expendable launch vehicle.
		Gravity Probe B, a NASA mission to test two important predictions of Albert Einstein’s Theory of General Relativity, is set for launch from Vandenberg Air Force Base, Calif., aboard a Boeing Delta II expendable launch vehicle.
	www.gravityprobeb.com /gpbphotos.html (789 words)

	T-minus 45 years: Gravity Probe B finally launches
		On April 20 at 9:57 a.m., a Boeing Delta II rocket sent the probe 400 miles high and into polar orbit from Vandenberg Air Force Base in Southern California.
		Gravity Probe B's collaborations have resulted in innovations including the SQUID (for Super Quantum Interference Device), to monitor spin axis orientation, and the world's most perfect gyroscopes, to measure angles so small they correspond to the width of a human hair as seen from a quarter of a mile away.
		Stanford, under NASA contract, conceived the experiment and is responsible for the design and integration of the science instrument, as well as for mission operations and data analysis.
	news-service.stanford.edu /news/2004/april21/gpbshort-421.html (1211 words)

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