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Topic: Grazing antelope

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	Antelope - MSN Encarta
		Antelope, common name applied to a diverse group of hollow-horned mammals that belong to the same family as cattle, goats, and sheep.
		Antelope horns are always slightly curved, and in some species, such as the fl buck, they are shaped like a pair of corkscrews, spiraling in opposite directions.
		Antelopes that live in forests tend to stay in the same area all their lives, but species that live in open habitats often migrate to feed and breed.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761573948/Antelope.html (1852 words)

	UCCE Rangeland Watershed Fact Sheet No. 21
		The grazing of a specific unit by livestock throughout a year or for that part of the year during which grazing is feasible.
		A grazing management scheme in which rest periods for individual pastures, paddocks, of grazing units, generally for the full growing season, are incorporated in to a grazing rotation.
		A grazing scheme where animals are moved from one grazing unit (paddock) in the same group of grazing units to another without regard to specific graze rest periods or levels of plant defoliation.
	danr.ucop.edu /uccelr/h21.htm (1527 words)

	Grazing - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Grazing is the regular consumption of part of one organism without killing it by another organism.
		Grazing differs from predation because the organism being eaten is not killed and differs from the feeding of parasites by the fact that the two organisms do not stay together very long nor is the grazer so limited in what it can eat.
		The most commonly understood example of grazing is mammals feeding on grasslands although it can also refer to any plants, algae or plankton being eaten by reptiles, insects, birds etc.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Grazing (134 words)

	* Antelope - (Animals): Definition
		Antelope ground squirrels are one of the few mammals that may remain active during the hottest parts of west Texas summer days.
		The majority of antelopes are African, including the eland, wildebeest, kudu, springbok, and waterbuck, although other species live in parts of Asia, including the deserts of Arabia and the Middle East...
		The impala, Aepyceros melampus, in the antelope and ox family, Bovidae, is a fast-running antelope of grasslands and open woodlands in central and southern Africa...
	en.mimi.hu /animals/antelope.html (1284 words)

	Grazing antelope (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		A grazing antelope is any of the 23 species of antelope that make up the subfamily Hippotraginae in the family Bovidae which also includes sheep goats and
		Subfamily Bovinae : wild cattle and spiral-horned antelopes 24 in 9 genera
		These tracks are NOT rereleases but infact (mainly) NEW bands recording in a deep funk style, that is to say that they record everything with analogue equipment for a nice authentic (and tough) sound.My pick is Speedometer from the UK.
	www.freeglossary.com /Grazing_antelope (249 words)

	Grazing Animals in the Regional Parks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Livestock grazing utilizing cattle, sheep and goats is used as a vegetation management tool to maintain and improve habitat conditions for resident plants and animals and to prevent wildfires.
		Grazing increases the diversity of habitats for wildlife.
		Livestock grazing is conducted under a highly regulated license based upon accepted principles of range management, with due consideration for the forage needs of deer and other wildlife, and a desire for protection of sensitive environments.
	www.ebparks.org /resources/stewards/grazing.htm (1049 words)

	West Texas: where the antelope play by Mike Leggett
		Dozens of heart-shaped antelope tracks dotted one small wet spot on the east side of the tank, a 30-yard shot from the spot where my blind was located.
		Antelope are accustomed to the rugged landscape, but still need rain for water and food, as well as cover for fawns.
		The Texas Parks and Wildlife Department limits antelope hunting to a nine-day season in early October and issues permits to landowners based on an annual population census.
	www.fishingandhuntingconnection.com /articles/antelope.htm (1385 words)

	antelope -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Like the related roan antelope (H. equinus), the sable antelope is a graceful animal with an erect mane, long ears, long hair on the throat, and long, parallel, sickle-shaped horns.
		Related to the sable antelope (Hippotragus niger) and to the extinct blaauwbok, or bluebuck (H. leucophoeus), the roan antelope is a large, graceful animal standing 130–150 centimetres (50–60 inches) at the shoulder.
		Antelopes of both families are noted for their beauty, grace, and speed in running.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9007758?tocId=9007758&query=antelope (671 words)

	I
		Livestock Grazing – All or portions of several livestock grazing allotments are located with in the boundaries of the antelope use area.
		antelope area is not within the area routinely used by the antelope.
		Land Status: The proposed antelope use areas are comprised mostly of public lands administered by the Farmington BLM.
	www.nm.blm.gov /ffo/antelope_hmp/AntelopeHMPdraftcorrected.htm (3641 words)

	GWA Antelope Basin Comments
		The Antelope Basin is a critical wildlife habitat and corridor for elk, mule deer, antelope, bighorn sheep, bison, sage grouse, large carnivores and other wildlife.
		Livestock grazing, weather patterns (primarily drought) and fire were the only known factors occurring throughout most of the range of sage grouse that could be related to wide-spread population declines through deterioration, loss or fragmentation of habitat (Connelly and Braun 1997).
		Beck and Mitchell (2000) identified livestock grazing as a factor associated with the widespread decline and degradation of sage grouse habitat.
	gallatinwildlifeassociation.org /gwa_antelope_basin_comments.htm.htm (4379 words)

	Associated Press: Pronghorn populations rebound on refuge: Success revives debate about ban on cattle grazing
		With antelope numbers at an all-time high, the refuge once more finds itself at the center of a high-stakes debate, between environmentalists who want to kick cattle off all federal land and ranchers desperate to stop them.
		Ranchers grazed sheep and cattle there starting in the mid-1800s, and refuge managers say that over 150 years the ecosystem changed from high grasses and plush streambeds to ankle-high sagebrush.
		The Fish and Wildlife Service, which manages the refuge, decided in 1994 that grazing didn´t fit with the refuge´s mission and banned it despite angry protests from families who had grazed thousands of cattle on the land for generations.
	www.publiclandsranching.org /htmlres/press_hart_mountain.htm (871 words)

	Protecting and managing deer winter range at Antelope Valley Wildlife Area
		Antelope Valley Creek is a small stream that flows all year.
		In 1986, with the aid of the California Conservation Corps, a cattle and vehicle exclusion fence was constructed around a major section of the creek in the valley floor.
		At some point, well-timed intensive grazing could be used to reduce cheatgrass in favor of native bunchgrasses, shrubs and other plants.
	www.dfg.ca.gov /lands/articles/antelopevalley99.html (1728 words)

	Stewardship
		To properly manage a rangeland system with cattle, we have to graze pastures at different times during the growing season and at different times during subsequent years.
		Planned grazing systems also allow nesting birds to be undisturbed in ungrazed pastures.
		We have also learned that grazing cattle in riparian areas at the right time and intensity can be very beneficial to native creek bottom vegetation.
	www.antelopecreekranch.com /Stewardship.htm (672 words)

	Prairie Racer: The Pronghorn Antelope by Lisa Hutchins - North American Pronghorn Foundation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Blackfeet god called Old Man created the antelope on the slopes of the Rockies, but when he turned the animal loose, its great speed caused it to stumble and fall on the rocks and fallen timber of the mountains.
		Grazing by bison allowed the remaining forbs to grow and develop.
		Grazing controls for domestic stock, strict law enforcement against illegal hunting, and intensive livetrapping and transplanting have increased the statewide population to over 60,000 animals, or three percent of historic numbers.
	www.antelope.org /pronghorn1.htm (1680 words)

	GORP - Hart Mountain National Antelope Refuge, Oregon
		The controlled grazing of domestic livestock had been specifically chosen in a 1970 refuge management plan as the principal method to be used for restoring the overgrazed refuge and emulating the natural succession of plant growth.
		The antelopes at the National Antelope Refuge are actually pronghorns, a family of ungulates (a hoofed animal) that are related but are not part of the true family of antelopes found in Asia and Africa.
		But unlike antelopes, their horns have a single branch (or prong), and the sheath is lost once a year.
	gorp.away.com /gorp/resource/us_nwr/or_hart.htm (2796 words)

	Forest Magazine Article: Where the Antelope Roam
		In 1994, Hart Mountain National Antelope Refuge in eastern Oregon was closed to cattle grazing.
		Just about the time he and his wife settled there, a furor over grazing erupted when a lawsuit filed by environmental groups forced an environmental impact study to document the effects of cattle grazing on the range.
		Initially, he thought that ranchers and environmentalists could come to an agreement by limiting grazing, but as he learned more about the issue, he came to realize it was all or nothing.
	www.fseee.org /forestmag/0305antelope.shtml (731 words)

	GWA Antelope Basin Comments
		Elk migrations to and from the Antelope Basin area are common, and Antelope Basin is critical calving and summer habitat for elk.
		Livestock grazing, weather patterns (primarily drought) and fire were the only known factors occurring throughout most of the range of sage grouse that could be related to wide-spread population declines through deterioration, loss or fragmentation of habitat (Connelly and Braun 1997).
		Beck and Mitchell (2000) identified livestock grazing as a factor associated with the widespread decline and degradation of sage grouse habitat.
	www.gallatinwildlifeassociation.org /gwa_antelope_basin_comments.htm.htm (4379 words)

	Political Film Society - Mountain Patrol (Kekexili)
		When the movie begins, the year is 1986, and a scene of antelope grazing on the Chinese Himalayas adorns the screen.
		After seeing carrion crows feeding on antelope carcasses, they capture those who had been skinning the antelopes, who in turn say that they formerly were farmers, but the soil deteriorated so much that they could not continue in that occupation, so they now work for an entrepreneur who pays them a certain amount per skin.
		No mention is made of the customers of the soft antelope fur in the West who ultimately fund the antelope holocaust, but the film may increase support for animal rights groups that urge a total ban on the fur trade.
	www.geocities.com /polfilms/mountainpatrol.html (505 words)

	The Montana Standard - Butte, Montana USA
		Cattle and sheep have been grazing in Antelope Basin since the 1880s and since 1959 the land has been managed intensively, he said.
		grazing system was one of the first in the country.
		If ranchers aren't able to use public lands for grazing in the summer months, they will be forced to either use their private land more extensively or sell out, said Sitz.
	www.mtstandard.com /articles/2004/01/30/newsdillon/hjjfjigjjjiiih.txt (514 words)

	Montana Antelope Hunting Trips
		Our antelope hunts can be combined with our trophy mule deer or trophy whitetail deer for an additional $500.00 if successful on the antelope.
		These antelope on our leases are a little more spread out due to the fact there are lots of places to feed and water.
		For antelope rifle hunters, this application must be sent in to Special licensing, FWP, 1420 east sixth avenue, PO box 8009, Helena, MT 59604-8009.
	www.montanawhitetails.com /antelope.htm (731 words)

	[No title]
		The antelope freezes as the others are running off for another area away from the bush.
		As the antelope starts to take to the position of the pack, the panther takes to the air as if suspended for a moment, flying through the air such as that of a bird.
		The weight of the panther is too much for the antelope, as the panther excitedly extends its claws that seemingly glisten in the last of the day’s light and grapples into its flesh.
	www.publishedauthors.net /bwmason (1902 words)

	BBC - Science & Nature - Wildfacts - Arabian oryx
		A horse-like antelope with a white coat, fl markings on the face, legs dark chocolate brown and with a tawny line across the flanks.
		Oryx, despite being grazing antelope, have become adapted to particularly dry areas of desert vegetation.
		Unlike other grazing antelopes, these desert animals live in small herds of mixed sex which don't tolerate newcomers easily.
	www.bbc.co.uk /nature/wildfacts/factfiles/618.shtml (356 words)

	RANGE magazine.com, the Cowboy Spirit on America's Outback
		Antelope prefer grassy meadows, mule deer like to browse, while sheep like forbs or broad leaf plants in the high country.
		Grazing is extensive, low fossil energy consumptive, a natural process with renewable grass and forage being eaten by animals to produce protein that becomes a food for something else.
		Grazing takes very little from the public lands and when properly managed is good for plants, good for wildlife, and good for public range.
	www.rangemagazine.com /archives/stories/spring00/renewal.htm (1373 words)

	GORP - Hart Mountain National Antelope Refuge, Oregon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The controlled grazing of domestic livestock had been specifically chosen in a 1970 refuge management plan as the principal method to be used for restoring the overgrazed refuge and emulating the natural succession of plant growth.
		The antelopes at the National Antelope Refuge are actually pronghorns, a family of ungulates (a hoofed animal) that are related but are not part of the true family of antelopes found in Asia and Africa.
		But unlike antelopes, their horns have a single branch (or prong), and the sheath is lost once a year.
	www.gorp.com /gorp/resource/us_nwr/or_hart.htm (2940 words)

	Antelope-Brush Ecosystems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Although they are undoubtedly affected by grazing and by forest fire suppression, the Rocky Mountain Trench habitats do not face the immediate and overwhelming threats that the Okanagan habitats do.
		This crust cannot remain intact under the hooves of grazing animals or the wheels of vehicles; soil is blown and washed away, and then the weeds invade, destroying the natural vegetation.
		For larger grazing animals such as Mule Deer and California Bighorn Sheep, antelope-brush is a favoured and nutritious source of food.
	wlapwww.gov.bc.ca /wld/pub/antelope.htm (2481 words)

	Antelope Basin Management Area, Beaverhead-Dearlodge National Forest, MT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Forest's Antelope Basin Management Area (ABMA), which I visited, is located in Southwestern Montana, west of Yellowstone National Park and to the east and north of the Red Rock National Wildlife Refuge.
		Antelope Creek, which flows through the allotment, is described by the Forest Service as "Functioning At Risk" meaning that it is highly susceptible to further degradation from a relatively high flow event.
		Without the cows Antelope Creek's vegetative cover would not be just sedges and rushes, but also willows as this browsed victim on the upper left demonstrates.
	www.mikehudak.com /PhotoEssays/ABMA2002/ABMA2002.html (1608 words)

	University of Nebraska Cooperative Extension In Antelope County (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Before you start grazing, be sure to condition cattle to eating grain, otherwise if they selectively eat mostly ears at first they may suffer acidosis.
		Grazing avoids the problem of slow curing of hay that often occurs during the fall and eliminates the cost of bailing.
		The hunting seasons are fast approaching and the Antelope County Extension Office in Neligh has several publications available that may be of interest to you if you are a hunter, fisherman, or if you prepare wild game or fish for your family's meals.
	www.antelope.unl.edu /newsitems/AntelopeTracks9-10-04 (955 words)

	Broadbent case settled
		A number of the Broadbent Company's grazing privileges were revoked or curtailed in early 2001 under a proposed decision issued by the BLM's Kemmerer Field Office.
		Rawson said under the settlement agreement, some of the company's grazing privileges on the Austin Triangle Allotment were restored.
		He said the penalties that the company posted for the grazing trespasses were kept by the agency.
	www.casperstartribune.net /articles/2003/03/16/news/wyoming/e6cd73f2b2a39f470bb911ebe66679a4.txt (1075 words)

	All about Bob Kaufman and Antelope Creek Ranch! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Another day at Antelope Creek Ranch has begun, and they are eager to get any sick cattle treated before the mosquitoes get overbearing, and the sun warms the southern Alberta plains to a scorching level.
		Through a specialized grazing program the co-existence of wildlife and livestock was to be used to allow native grasses to regain vigor, increase grass production and allow for the accumulation of litter (last years ungrazed forage), while protecting, enhancing and developing key wildlife habitats for animals of all kinds.
		To manage livestock grazing in a fashion that will benefit both wildlife and livestock interests, to demonstrate the benefits of specialized grazing systems and to gain community support for overall management objectives through integrated land use.
	www.bobkaufman.ca /background.html (921 words)

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