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Topic: Great Abatis Border

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	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Great Abatis Border
		Great Abatis Border (Большая засечная черта) is a chain of fortification lines, created by Muscovy to protect it from the rides of the Mongolo-Tatars.
		In the most dangerous places the abatis was doubled, trebled etc., the gates and small wooden fortresses were created to check the passers.
		As a fortification construction stretching for hundreds kilometers the Great Abatis Border is analogous to the Great Wall of China and the Hadrian's Wall.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Great_Abatis_Belt (185 words)

	Charles de Salaberry
		In November of 1812, de Salaberry commanded the advance guard of the force that turned away Henry Dearborn's northern attack at La Colle Mill[?].
		He ordered the felling of trees to build tangled breastworks of "abatis" in the ravines where the Chateauguay met the English River, then dispersed his troops through the woods.
		The gambit worked, however; Great Britain struck a gold medal to commemorate the Battle of Chateauguay and de Salaberry became a legendary figure in Quebec history.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ch/Charles_de_Salaberry.html (639 words)

	Berdan Sharpshooters Online
		Abatis - One of the oldest forms of defense.
		Abatis was designed to prevent an enemies advance.
		Border States - Considered by the Lincoln administration as being Maryland, Kentucky, Delaware and Missouri.
	www.berdansharpshooters.com /terms.html (3760 words)

	[No title]
		Desiring to be fully informed in reference to the rear as well as the front of the great host beleaguering Richmond, Lee took his bold and ever-alert cavalry leader, J. Stuart, into his councils, and dispatched him on the 12th with 1,200 veteran cavalry to reconnoiter McClellan's rear.
		Here was an opportunity for a great captain, who "took no counsel of his fears," to capture the Confederate capital by a prompt and vigorous assault, and accomplish the object of his grand campaign.
		Jackson, seeing that the odds were too great and that he could not get at his enemy at a single point, desisted from making a further attack; but he continued to keep Franklin's position warm with his artillery.
	www.angelfire.com /pa4/gettysburg/sevendays.html (5775 words)

	The Douglases
		His great military talents and experience fitted him in a high degree for the duties of this office; but he was intolerably arrogant and jealous of the honour of his family and his privileges as a noble, quick to revenge an injury, and by no means scrupulous as to his mode of gratifying his resentment.
		The intermarriages of their kinsfolk with the members of other great houses had largely extended the influence of the family, and throughout the districts where their estates lay the whole of the inferior barons and knights were either their allies or vassals.
		Bishop Kennedy, of St. Andrews, a prelate of great wisdom and integrity, set himself to thwart the designs of the Earl on the independence of the Crown, and in consequence his estates were laid waste with fire and sword by the partisans of the Earl.
	www.electricscotland.com /webclans/families/douglases.htm (10562 words)

	The Probert Encyclopaedia - Weapons and Warfare (1-A)
		An abatis is a barricade or obstacle comprised of felled trees arranged with the branches pointing outwards.
		Armoured Trains were used in France and Belgium during the early part of the Great War, especially at the siege of Antwerp, but were found to be vulnerable to artillery fire and this together with their inability to manoeuvre led to their discontinuation.
		The autocannon was a French air defence weapon of the Great War, consisting of a modified 75 mm field gun fitted to a special high-angle mounting and carried on a De Dion Bouton motor lorry.
	www.fas.org /news/reference/probert/F1.HTM (8589 words)

	Qwika - similar:List_of_forts
		Eben-Emael was a Belgian fortress in between Liège and Maastricht, near the Albert Canal, defending the Belgian-German border.
		Golden Hill Fort was a defensible barracks built as part of the Palmerston defences by the 1859 Royal Commission on the Defence of the United Kingdom to provide manpower to man the defences at the western end of the Isle of Wight, England.
		The French and Indian War is the common American name for the decisive nine-year conflict (1754–1763) in North America between the Kingdom of Great Britain and its North American Colonies against France and its North American Colonies, which was one of the theatres of the Seven Years' War.
	www.qwika.com /rels/List_of_forts (1827 words)

	Grant
		During all of the trying winter of 1860-1, when the Southerners were so defiant that they would not allow within their borders the expression of a sentiment hostile to their views, it was a brave man indeed who could stand up and proclaim his loyalty to the Union.
		He was in a great state of excitement and used adjectives freely to express his contempt for the Union and for those who had just perpetrated such an outrage upon the rights of a free people.
		He was an able man, possessed of great firmness, and could say "no" so emphatically to a request which he thought should not be granted that the person he was addressing would understand at once that there was no use of pressing the matter.
	www.civilwarstlouis.com /History/Grant.htm (12388 words)

	RTE Radio 1 - More Than Museums
		It was where the great and good of Belfast society were buried in the 19th and early 20th centuries, the men who built the Titanic, the founders of Gallagher Tobacco and many important - now mostly forgotten - figures in the history of Unionism; party founders and, indeed, some of the Larne gunrunners.
		Amidst great emotional scenes Connolly spoke primarily in Irish - he spoke of emigrants overseas and off generations of hurlers that had never tasted the glory he did on that day.
		The cathedral is of great historic significance and the programme also looks at Dean Swift's connection with the building as well as including archive material from Liam de Paor's 1983 programme 'The Coming of Christianity to Ireland and material collected by Seamus Ennis.
	www.rte.ie /radio1/morethanmuseums/1012976.html (4734 words)

	Official Records of the Civil War About Chambersburg
		Lying, as her southern counties do, in the immediate vicinity of the border, and thus exposed to sudden invasion, a selfish policy would have led her to retain a sufficient part of her military force for her own defense.
		The people of the border counties were warned, and removed their stock, and at Chambersburg and York were organized and armed for their own protection.
		I was not officially informed of the movements of the Federal armies, and, of course, not of the strategy of their commanders; but it was stated in the newspapers that the rebel army was closely pursued after it had crossed the Potomac, and was retiring up the Valley of the Shenandoah.
	cti.itc.virginia.edu /~ela/frhome/or.html (4376 words)

	Studies in Battle Command
		Frederick the Great's Leuthen campaign of 1757 demonstrated the ability to synchronize, to a remarkable degree, the attributes of successful leadership and battle command.
		On 12 August 1759, Frederick the Great was capable of determined leadership but incapable of fulfilling his role as a competent decision maker for his army.
		Great Britain, fearing Russian designs on Constantinople and the threat to Britain's overland route to India, refused to be bought off by the tsar's promise of Egypt as compensation after the fall of the Ottoman Empire.
	cgsc.leavenworth.army.mil /carl/resources/csi/battles/battles.asp (20545 words)

	The History of Transylvania and the Transylvanian Saxons
		The region is separated from the Black Sea plains and the Eurasian steppe by the East Carpathians, from the Romanian lower land by the South Carpathians (Transylvanian Alps) and from the great Hungarian Plains by the Transylvanian West Mountains (Muntii Apuseni).
		At that time the abatis in the Sebes Alba (Mühlbach) region were given up and the Szeklers were moved from the border settlements to their present location in the east of the country.
		The acquisition of Transylvania was of great strategic and political importance for the Hapsburgs.
	www.sibiweb.de /geschi/7b-history.htm (15846 words)

	ISTORIYA 65-GO PEKHOTNAGO MOSKOVSKAGO EGO IMPERIALISTICHESKAGO VYSOCHESTVA GOSUDARYA NASLEDNKIA TSESAREVICHA POLKA ...
		Regardless, sailors and sappers, with great determination and disregard for self under enemy fire, repaired the destroyed embankments, even though the whole area around the 3rd Bastion was showered with large-caliber English shells which ricocheted between the Naval Hospital and the Dockyard Ravine and even forced the suspension of all communication with the bastions.
		Because of their great many losses in personnel from enemy fire and various sicknesses, on 17 January the Moscow, Butyrskii, Tarutino, and Borodino regiments were taken out of Sevastopol and sent to occupy the MacKenzie Heights.
		With great courage, the brave Russia regiments of Read’s corps threw themselves one after the other onto the enemy but were forced to retreat with heavy losses and be replaced by new units, each time overwhelmed by the foe’s superiority in numbers that was the result of the constant arrival of fresh reinforcements.
	home.comcast.net /~markconrad/MOSCOW.html (17455 words)

	Columbus, Kentucky
		The Confederate seizure of Columbus on the east bank of the Mississippi and the occupation of Hickman by Confederate Brig.
		Gideon J. Pillow on September 3, 1861, was interpreted by the Union as an invasion of neutral Kentucky, one of the Border States.
		Leonidas Polk moved his forces from Tennessee to occupy the bluffs overlooking the Mississippi at Columbus and established a camp at Belmont on the Missouri side of the river.
	www.nps.gov /vick/camptrail/sites/Kentucky-sites/ColumbusKY.htm (823 words)

	Private, The Royal Highland Regiment, The 42nd (The Black Watch)
		It was a matter of great pride to the 42nd Regiment that it was designated a "Royal" regiment in 1758 for its distinguished battle record, prior to the battle of Carillon (Ticonderoga) and at the time of the battle the Regiment had not received notice of the honor.
		Officers and men slashed through the abatis with their broadswords and used the swords and bayonets to cut holes in the entrenchments in which they placed their feet to scale the barricade.
		Frustrated in their attempts to reach the enemy, the men stormed the lines again and again, and the regiment had to be ordered from the field three times before it withdrew.
	www.vintageviews.org /vv-ny/Pt/cards/t020.html (661 words)

	Chapter Two: The Defensive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		As long as the German tanks were on their own, the intermittent firing of flares and machine guns indicated their great uneasiness.
		A maze of abatis lay in front of these, guns were emplaced along the thoroughfares behind the tank obstacles, and the entire front line was ready for defense within twelve hours after the first detonation.
		This position withstood all enemy attacks and was not abandoned until ten days later, in milder weather, when the adjacent units on both wings were forced to withdraw after enemy tanks had penetrated their lines.
	www.army.mil /cmh-pg/books/wwii/milimprov/ch02.htm (6819 words)

	A history of the Coast Guard in the Pacific Northwest of the United States
		The establishment of the U.S. Coast Guard in the states of Washington and Oregon is tied to the increase in maritime trade during the western expansion of America.
		Great Britain and Spain controlled the area encompassing the present day Pacific Northwest states prior to 1846.
		In tempestuous weather the great field of shallow waters literally raged, and the wreck struck out aslant, the center an abatis of flying chutes and cataracts...
	www.uscg.mil /hq/g-cp/history/h_PacNW.html (4579 words)

	PERSONAL MEMOIRS U. S. GRANT, Part 2
		But the great majority of people at the North, where slavery did not exist, were opposed to the institution, and looked upon its existence in any part of the country as unfortunate.
		The Republican party was regarded in the South and the border States not only as opposed to the extension of slavery, but as favoring the compulsory abolition of the institution without compensation to the owners.
		The North had a great number of educated and trained soldiers, but the bulk of them were still in the army and were retained, generally with their old commands and rank, until the war had lasted many months.
	www.ibiblio.org /pub/docs/books/gutenberg/5/8/6/5861/5861-h/5861-h.htm (22616 words)

	RED THRUST STAR
		He has been gathering a great deal of information to update and improve the tactics reflected in the old FM l00-2-l; this article addresses a notable gap in the "old" tactics-the conduct of tactical counterattacks in the defense.
		Landing zone #1 is located at a shallow objective and is bordered by a ravine; defending forces of 4th, 5th, and 6th Motorized Rifle Companies; a lake and march; and a forested area.
		Landing zone #2 is bordered by a marsh and several ponds and woods.
	fmso.leavenworth.army.mil /Red-Star/issues/JUL93/JUL93.HTML (10337 words)

	This Week in the Civil War October 25, 1863
		Axes were issued to the troops, to be used in cutting abatis for defense so soon as the ridge was gained.
		Smith continues, "The skirmish was soon over, and General Turchin...quietly took possession of the hills assigned to him....The axes were set to work felling an abatis, and in two hours the command was sufficiently protected to withstand any attack." General Longstreet dismisses the enemy's move in his report to General Bragg.
		Further correspondence of a more disrespectful and insubordinate character is received from the general (Buckner)....It is returned to him...for his reconsideration, and with a hope that he will calmly review his course and withdraw it....The Virginia troops will move in the direction indicated as soon as practicable.
	www.civilweek.com /1863/oct2563.htm (4179 words)

	The Capture of Fort Donelson, Part I :: The Patriot Files :: Dedicated to the preservation of military history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		When the shadow of that first great failure fell upon the veteran, President Davis made haste to re-assure him of his sympathy and unbroken confidence.
		The occurrence was in fact expected, for two days before a horseman had ridden to General Tilghman with word that at 4:30 o'clock in the morning rocket signals had been exchanged with the picket at Bailey's Landing, announcing the approach of gun-boats.
		In battle, as in camp, he went about quietly, speaking in a conversational tone; yet he appeared to see everything that went on, and was always intent on business, He had a faithful assistant adjutant-general, and appreciated him; he preferred, however, his own eyes, word, and hand.
	www.patriotfiles.com /article.php?sid=400 (5669 words)

	Carl Schurz
		As the general disposition made of the rest of the corps had great influence upon the part taken by my division in the action of the evening, I beg leave to say a few words about the distribution of the forces of the First and Second Divisions in connection with mine.
		The enemy was now pouring in great force upon our right and left, and the position in and near the church grove could no longer be held.
		I rallied large fragments of several regiments partly behind the abatis in the woods, partly a little farther back, near the creek west of the Chancellor house.
	www.civilwar.gatech.edu /rad/radrecords/c1aschu.HTML (4228 words)

	The Hessians - Chapter Twenty-three
		It was opposed throughout the action to the riflemen under Lee and Campbell, who attacked it with great determination, both in front and rear.
		In this position the regiment behaved with great valor, and, at one time, relieved the first battalion of English guards, which had been thrown into confusion.
		Cornwallis was so crippled by his victory that he turned away from the Virginian border and marched down to Wilmington to rest his army, leaving his severely wounded behind him.
	www.americanrevolution.org /hess23.html (3904 words)

	Civil War Battles
		There was also a great deal of fighting at a peach orchard, just yards away from the Hornet's Nest.
		The immediate fruits of our success are the relief of Richmond from a state of siege; the rout of the great army that so long men.
		After his great victory at Manassas in August, Lee had marched his Army of Northern Virginia into Maryland, hoping to find vitally needed men and supplies.
	webpages.charter.net /wisconsinlegion-7thdistrict/CW_Battles.htm (13250 words)

	THIS WEEK IN THE CIVIL WAR August 17,1862
		By the great detour made by this brigade it was not in condition to move...to the enemy's rear....Most respectfully y, your obedient servant, J. STUART, Major-General, Commanding Cavalry.
		I have not changed my opinion of the great military advantage it will be to the enemy to have it, but I am impelled by a sense of just humanity to overlook that advantage.
		The west corner was also covered by stables and log buildings, which afforded the Indians great protection, and, in order to protect the garrison, I ordered them to be destroyed.
	www.civilweek.com /1862/aug1762.htm (5080 words)

	ENCLOPEDIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		atemoya: A custurd apple fruit with great potential, the atemoya (Annona atemoya) is a cross between the cherimoya and the sugar apple.
		to two years, is one of the great cheeses; the technique called cheddaring is a combination of milling and turning the curd.
		duchesse, a la (Fr.) Potatoes boiled and pureed with eggs and butter and often piped as a garnish or border; a duchesse is a small cream puff stuffed with savory puree, coated with a chaud-froid sauce, and served as an hors d'oeuvre.
	www.psgrill.net /Encyclopedia/ENCYCLOPEDIA.html (17383 words)

	General Grant - Part 2
		Tennessee is a long state, running east to west, and its border with Kentucky is a combination of sharp ridges, rolling hills, and ancient mountains.
		The mountains can't be compared to the granite monoliths that jut out of the barren earth in the west—Tennessee’s mountains are humble with their greatness worn away by nature long ago.
		A great deal of the victory was also due to an unlikely source and that was the Confederate command.
	www.military.com /forums/0,15240,89302,00.html (1680 words)

	Historic handbook of the northern tour. Lakes George and Champlain; Niagara; Montreal; ...
		He liked the society of the great, would intrigue and flatter when he had an end to gain, and foil a rival without looking too closely at the means ; but compared with the Indian "traders who infested the border, he was a model of uprightness.
		Seventeen cannon, great and small, besides several mortars and swivels, were mounted upon it; and a brave Scotch veteran, LieutenantColonel Monro, of the thirty-fifth regiment, was in command.
		And he elsewhere speaks of him as " that great man." Abercromby testifies to the universal respect and love with which officers and men regarded him, and Pitt calls him " a character of ancient times; a complete model of military virtue." High as this praise is, it seems to have been deserved.
	memory.loc.gov /service/gc/gcmisc/gcfr/0014/0014.sgm (19256 words)

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