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Topic: Great Andamanese

	Survival International \| The movement for tribal peoples
		Hundreds of Great Andamanese were killed in conflicts with British settlers, as the tribe defended their territory from invasion.
		In 1970, the remaining Great Andamanese were moved to the tiny Strait Island by the Indian authorities, where they are now totally dependent on the government for food, shelter and clothing.
		Abuse of alcohol, often supplied with the compliance of government officials, is rife among the surviving Great Andamanese.
	www.survival-international.org /related_material.php?id=92 (616 words)

	Great Andamanese (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Great Andamanese is a collective term used to refer to related groups or tribes of indigenous peoples who lived throughout most of the Great Andaman archipelago, the main and closely-situated group of islands in the Andaman Islands.
		Their collective identity is put forward mainly on the basis of linguistic analysis; the languages spoken by the different groups were (from what is known) clearly related, and formed one of the two identified families of indigenous Andamanese languages (the Great Andamanese family).
		The 10 distinct Great Andamanese groups were generally distributed in territories which "partitioned off" segments ranging along the narrow archipelago of Great Andaman, which runs essentially in a north-south line for approximately 350 km, but is only some 50 km at its widest extent.
	www.danceage.com /biography/sdmc_Great_Andamanese (332 words)

	SAMAR \| Lessons on Island Living
		Sailors returned the compliment, believing the Andamanese to be cannibals who, if they could, "would seize and devour all the passengers they could lay their hands on," according to an 11th-century Arab text.
		Andamanese culture seems to acknowledge that, adept as the islanders may be at dealing with nature, they are exceedingly vulnerable to other humans.
		The Jarawa, who originally lived in South Andaman, were in the 19th and most of the 20th centuries protected from the slew of germs by their enmity with the Great Andamanese.
	www.samarmagazine.org /archive/article.php?id=188 (2891 words)

	Deep Linguistic Prehistory with particular reference to Andamanese
		In the Great Andamanese languages, however, personal plural pronouns sometimes appear to be derived from their singular counterparts (see examples in Portman M.V. 1898:60-61; Radcliffe-Brown A.R. Manoharan S. Some Onge verbs sometimes take a plural suffix, identical to the nominal plural suffix -le, when the subject is in the plural.
		Noun-classifying Andamanese cannot be connected to a noun class hotbed, geographically or historically, and thus appears to form a clear noun class outlier.
		Still, the isolated Andamanese languages, spoken by people who are believed to be descendants of the aboriginal population of Southeast Asia, can by all means be regarded as 'critical' and may, if added to Nichols' model, have a significant bearing upon her interpretation of linguistic prehistory.
	www.andaman.org /BOOK/reprints/burenhult/buhult-prehist/rep-burenhult.htm (5029 words)

	ANDAMAN ISLAND TRIBE MOVED TO CAPITAL
		The 43 Great Andamanese, already the most decimated of all the Andaman tribes, were living in a government settlement on Strait Island, but their village suffered serious damage in the tsunami.
		The Great Andamanese population was estimated at 5,000 in 1848, but plummeted following settlement by the British, who cut down their forest, stole their land and killed their game.
		Speaking to Survival in 2004, a Great Andamanese woman named Lichu voiced her fears for the fate of one of the most isolated of the Andaman tribes, the Jarawa.
	www.exodusnews.com /worldnews/world048.htm (315 words)

	Foundation For Endangered Languages Issue 30.
		Andamanese, a language isolate, is considered the fifth language family of India.
		This is an important book as the speakers of these languages [8 Great Andamanese, 250 Jarawa, and 94 Onge] represent the last survivors of the pre-Neolithic population of the Southeast Asia.
		As Andamanese data have been analyzed against the parameters provided by the most current theoretical research in linguistic typology, the linguistic data and its analysis reported in the current book are of utmost importance theoretically, typologically, and historically.
	www.ogmios.org /3010.htm (582 words)

	Andamanese languages - Education - Information - Educational Resources - Encyclopedia - Music
		The Andamanese languages form a language family spoken in the Andaman Islands, a union territory of India.
		This has led some to speculate that the Andamanese languages may be representative of the (or one of the) original languages spoken by the Asian Negritos before other groups took over their areas, leaving them in their current fragmented distribution.
		Note, however, that, as seems to be typical of Andamanese poetry, the words and sentence structure have been somewhat abbreviated to obtain the desired rhythm.
	www.music.us /education/A/Andamanese-languages.htm (770 words)

	popoli
		His book of 1898 on the languages of the southern Great Andamanese (11) is one of only a handful of sources on these languages; another is a supplement by A. Ellis contained in the major anthropological (but not linguistic) work on the Andamanese by E.H. Man (12).
		That the Great Andamanese languages on the one hand and the Onge language on the other have been researched and documented at such widely different times and by such widely different people tends to make comparison between the sources difficult.
		Some of these were allied to form "septs." The Great Andamanese tribes in normal times were merely collections of local groups speaking the same language and being bound by ties of friendships as well as feuds, i.e.
	erewhon.ticonuno.it /arch/rivi/popoli/andama1.htm (5223 words)

	No rescue for Andamans' rare tribes yet
		Great Andamanese, as far as I am concerned, very few are alive.
		The Great Andamanese have lost their culture and very few of the pure blooded are alive.
		Andamanese, yes they have been numbered but like I told you most of them are not full blooded.
	www.rediff.com /news/2004/dec/30inter1.htm (2098 words)

	LIFE STYLE OF ORIGINAL INHABITANTS
		All the tribes inhabit in the Great Andaman, except the Balwaa of the Archipelago, the Onge of the Little Andaman, and the Jarawa of the North Sentinel and parts of the south Andaman and Rutland Islands.
		The Jarawa hunting camp is much the same as that of any other Andamanese and his great communal hut is built on the same principle as the larger huts of the other tribes.
		Their food is of wild pig, honey, various roots, tubers, turtle fish, molluses, seeds, roots, honey etc. The eating habits of the Great Andamanese have of late changed as a result of close contact with the settlers.
	www.webindia123.com /territories/andaman/people/lifestyle.htm (1150 words)

	Tribes of A & N Islands (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The great Andamanese is a Negrito tribe living in the Andaman group of islands.
		Although referred commonly as the Great Andamanese, there were at least ten sub-groups among them and each had their own language and culture.
		Like the other primitive tribes of the islands, the Great Andamanese are also in a stage of transition from their primitive life style to modern way of life.
	www.icmr.nic.in /rmrcpb/links/tri/and.htm (245 words)

	The Hindu : Karnataka / Mysore News : Need to preserve Onge, Great Andamanese tribes stressed
		MYSORE: The Indian tribes of Onge and the Great Andamanese from Nicobar Islands can hold the key to understanding human evolution and hence need to be preserved, Lalji Singh, Director, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad, has said.
		To address the larger question of human origin and to unravel its mystery, the CCMB had analysed the complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) comprising 16,569 base pairs of five Onges, five Great Andamanese and five Nicobarese tribes, he said.
		Scientists used the mtDNA sequence to trace the emigration of Andamanese and compared the complete mtDNA sequences of these tribes with other populations.
	www.hindu.com /2006/07/11/stories/2006071110410300.htm (344 words)

	Vanishing Voices of the Great Andamanese (VOGA)
		It is generally believed that all Andamanese languages might be the last representative of those languages whose history goes back to pre-Neolithic times in Southeast Asia and possibly the first settlement of the region by modern humans.
		Their history of contact varies from tribe to tribe, chronologically, the first one to come into contact with the mainlanders were the Great Andamanese followed by the Onge and finally the Jarawa.
		The Great Andamanese, who are 50 in number, live in Strait Island, 53 nautical miles away from Port Blair as well as in the city of Port Blair.
	www.andamanese.net (347 words)

	India, Indian States, India States, Indian hotels, Indian News and Indian Tourism, India Travel
		Great Andamanese is a collective term used to refer to related groups or tribes of indigenous peoples who lived throughout most of the Great Andaman archipelago, the main and closely-situated group of islands in the Andaman Islands.
		Their collective identity is put forward mainly on the basis of linguistic analysis; the languages spoken by the different groups were (from what is known) clearly related, and formed one of the two identified families of indigenous Andamanese languages (the Great Andamanese family).
		Today, there are only at most a few dozen individuals left of Great Andamanese descent, living on the small Strait Island, and the cultural and linguistic identities of the individual groups have been lost.
	www.andamannicobarin.com /wiki-Great_Andamanese (848 words)

	Central Institute of Indian Languages
		One of these ethnic tribes is the Great Andamanese, a tribe consisting of forty-nine members in all and steadily losing their language.
		With that, the Great Andamanese as it stands today, is itself a conglomerate of the erstwhile different varieties.
		The current situation with the Great Andamanese is similar to other regions of the world where rapid multilingualism is a hard fact before data gathering (Som 2005,2006) analysis and eventual understanding of the classical forms.
	www.ciil.org /Main/Announcement/Abstracts/Abstacts/13.htm (497 words)

	CDNN News :: King of stone age tribe vows to rebuild Andaman jungle kingdom
		King Jirake wields absolute power over his 48 Great Andamanese subjects on Strait Island, 250 kilometres (150 miles) from Port Blair, capital of the Andaman and Nicobar archipelago.
		India's 1971 census shows a population of 24 surviving Great Andamanese but by 1999 their number had grown to 41 and the population swelled to 49 last year.
		The forager Andamanese are among five endangered primitive tribes in the Andaman and Nicobar islands.
	www.cdnn.info /news/travel/t050113.html (680 words)

	SignOnSanDiego.com > News > World -- Last members of ancient Great Andamanese tribe escape tsunami
		Everyone is all right," Jiroki, the king of the Great Andamanese tribe, said from a hospital in Port Blair, the capital of the Indian-administered territories.
		Rescuers last week brought the remaining Great Andamanese tribespeople to Port Blair in the wake of the massive Dec. 26 earthquake and resulting tsunami.
		And contrary to speculation by some anthropologists, she said the Great Andamanese did not sense the impending arrival of the tsunamis.
	www.signonsandiego.com /news/world/20050109-2354-tsunami-india-royalcouple.html (531 words)

	Tehelka - The People's Paper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		But they still can’t match the Great Andamanese, a primitive tribe with just 48 members who were recently discovered as among the original tribes of mankind who migrated from Africa.
		Andamanese boys are inducted early into the practice of drinking, often by their fathers or by other older males.”
		“The desolate Great Andamanese led an ignoble and corrupt life…they eked out their living by questionable means especially to procure opium, tobacco or liquor to which they were addicted.
	www.tehelka.com /story_main12.asp?filename=Ne061805too_much.asp (1910 words)

	Civilization and its islands of discontents / How an aboriginal people became endangered in India
		Her book is a travel narrative, and the most poignant moments are told firsthand, but the story is enriched by a great deal of research drawn from the journals of the British and Indian officials, anthropologists and missionaries who came to the islands starting in the mid-19th century.
		Captured Andamanese were absorbed into a system of "Andaman Homes," supervised living arrangements that were supposed to teach the indigenes the arts of civilization but more often taught them to drink, while exposing them to deadly new diseases.
		She encounters the tribes in the order in which they were discovered, which means, today, from most to least neutralized and dependent; and the eventual fate of each new group we meet seems to be sketched by that of the last one.
	www.sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2003/08/17/RV302239.DTL&type=printable (760 words)

	HindustanTimes.com
		The first of the tribal groups to fall prey to the might of the colonisers were the Great Andamanese.
		The Andamanese planned a counter attack from a camp at Jungleeghat in Port Blair but were routed after a settler, Doodnath Tiwari, working with the Andamanese defected and warned the British about the impending attack.
		In less than 40 years of their contact with the settlers, the Andamanese were nearly all gone, with a pneumonia outbreak in 1863, a measles epidemic 14 years later and an influenza in 1896.
	www.hindustantimes.com /news/specials/andaman/rel20311.html (412 words)

	Chief says he led tribe to safety - Asia tsunami - www.theage.com.au
		The Great Andamanese were once the largest tribe in the region, with an estimated population of 10,000 in 1789.
		Rescuers last week brought the remaining Great Andamanese tribespeople to Port Blair in the wake of the December 26 earthquake and resulting tsunami.
		Some experts say the Great Andamanese are a sad example of how indigenous people quickly lose centuries of tradition and culture when they come into contact with the outside world.
	www.theage.com.au /news/Asia-tsunami/Chief-says-he-led-tribe-to-safety/2005/01/08/1104832359674.html?oneclick=true (520 words)

	HindustanTimes.com
		Great Andaman consists of three large islands - North Andaman, Middle Andaman, and South Andaman, though at times, they are referred to as one island intersected by narrow, irregular channels.
		In the Andaman district, there are the Great Andamanese, Jarawas, Onges and the Sentilese, whereas in the Nicobar district, there are the Nicobarese and Shompens.
		The Nicobarese, inhabiting 12 of the 22 islands in the Nicobars district, constitute the largest group among tribals and is moderately advanced.
	www.hindustantimes.com /news/specials/andaman/tribals.html (1006 words)

	Andaman and Nicobar Islands Summary
		These two groups are separated by the 10° N parallel, the Andamans lying to the north of this latitude, and the Nicobars to the south.
		The capital of this territory is the Andamanese town of Port Blair.
		In the Andaman Islands, the various Andamanese peoples maintained their separated existence through the vast majority of this time, diversifying into distinct linguistic, cultural and territorial groups.
	www.bookrags.com /Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands (1601 words)

	A king and a queen on tsunami-ravaged isles - Deccan Herald (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Jirake, the 62-year-old king from the aboriginal Great Andamanese tribe, who wields absolute control over his 48-odd subjects in Strait Island, about 250 kms by sea from Port Blair, confesses that the waves had swept away their traditional weapons, boats and houses and, well, their stock of whisky.
		Survivors of ten different tribes living in the Great Andamans in the early 19th century are now known by the generic term of Great Andamanese whose estimated population was over 7,000, the largest in the island, prior to their coming into contact with the colonisers.
		The Great Andamanese, experts argue, are a sad example of how indigenous people increasingly face the threat of losing their over thousand-year-old tradition and culture in the wake of exposure to the external world.
	www.deccanherald.com /deccanherald/jan152005/n10.asp (782 words)

	Jarawa » The Great Andamanese \| Survival International
		In 1999 and 2006, the Jarawa suffered outbreaks of measles – a disease that has wiped out many tribes worldwide following contact with outsiders.
		Of the four tribes of the Andaman Islands, colonisation proved most disastrous for the Great Andamanese.
		When the British arrived they were a people of more than 5,000; today, only 53 survive.
	www.survival-international.org /tribes/jarawa/greatandamanese (245 words)

	In the Land of the Naked People
		Mukerjee, who received a Guggenheim Fellowship to research this book, chronicles the lives of four tribes of Andamanese who were introduced to modern influences at different periods, from the Great Andamanese (the most assimilated group) to the Sentinelese (the least integrated).
		For the Andamanese living on the main islands, where the British established a penal colony, contact meant defeat in war, loss of territory, and death by disease — the islanders had been so isolated for so long that they had no immunity to our diseases.
		All the Andamanese taken together now number no more than five hundred, and only the one hundred or so living on their own island are relatively free.
	books.monstersandcritics.com /features/printer_253.php (3999 words)

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