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Topic: Great Arab Revolt

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Arab Revolt

Great Uprising

Black September

Sharif Hussein

Churchill White Paper, 1922

Auda Abu Tayi

British Mandate of Palestine

Sherif Hussein ibn Ali

Violence against Israelis

Haganah

Transjordan

1947 UN Partition Plan

Proposals for a Palestinian state

Seven Pillars of Wisdom

Palestinian terrorism

	Jordan - History - The Great Arab Revolt
		Arabs were further threatened by the construction of the Hijaz Railway, connecting Damascus and Mecca, which promised to facilitate the mobility of Turkish troops into the Arab heartland.
		Sharif Hussein’s objective in undertaking the Great Arab Revolt was to establish a single independent and unified Arab state stretching from Aleppo (Syria) to Aden (Yemen), based on the ancient traditions and culture of the Arab people, the upholding of Islamic ideals and the full protection and inclusion of ethnic and religious minorities.
		Arab nationalists in the Fertile Crescent and the Arabian Peninsula found in the Hashemite commanders of the Great Arab Revolt the leadership that could realize their aspirations, and thus coalesced around them.
	www.kinghussein.gov.jo /his_arabrevolt.html (903 words)

	Arab Revolt - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Arab Revolt (1916–1918) was initiated by Sherif Hussein ibn Ali with the aim of securing independence from the ruling Ottoman Turks and creating a single unified Arab state spanning from Aleppo in Syria to Aden in Yemen.
		The Arabs were also threatened by the construction of the Hejaz railway, which helped move Turkish troops deep into Arab areas.
		Because of this, Sherif Hussein, as the head of the Arab nationalists, entered into an alliance with the United Kingdom and France against the Ottomans in June 1916.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Arab_Revolt (332 words)

	Great Jewish Revolt
		The Great Jewish Revolt (66–70 CE), sometimes called The first Jewish-Roman War, was the first of three rebellions against the Roman Empire by the Jews of Judea.
		The revolt began in 66 in Caesarea, provoked by the desecration of local synagogue by the Hellenists, with which the Greek-speaking Roman garrison did not intrude.
		Brutal civil war erupted: the Zealots and Sicarii executed anyone advocating surrender, and by 68 all the leadership of the southern revolt was dead, all killed by the Jews, none by the Romans.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/g/gr/great_jewish_revolt.html (881 words)

	The Hashemite Royal Family
		The Hashemites, or Bani Hashem, are descendants of the Arab chieftain Quraysh, a descendant of the Prophet Ismail, himself the son of the Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham).
		During the Great Arab Revolt of 1916, King Husseins great-grandfather, Al-Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca and King of the Arabs (later he also became known as King of the Hijaz), led the liberation of Arab lands from their domination by the Ottoman Turks.
		His objective in undertaking the Great Arab Revolt was to establish a single independent and unified Arab state stretching from Aleppo (Syria) to Aden (Yemen), based on the ancient traditions and culture of the Arab people, the upholding of Islamic ideals and the full protection and inclusion of ethnic religious minorities.
	jor_guide.tripod.com /id8.html (3500 words)

	Past Events - CSID Lecture on "Arab Nationalism & Political Islam: Issues of Identity & Problems of ...
		Arab nationalism, in contrast, was the offspring of political activities by various Arab revolutionaries and secret organizations in Istanbul.
		In The Arab Awakening, George Antonius, for example, describes the revolt as the reaction of a seething Arab population struggling to extricate itself from the Ottoman empire.
		Arab nationalists, on the one hand, present their opposition to the West entirely in terms of Western imperialism, the political manifestation of the West.
	www.islam-democracy.org /lecture_summary_2000_dawisha.asp (1583 words)

	Palestine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The Arab Legion and the Defense of Jerusalem
		Arabs were outraged by the implication that they were the intruders in Palestine, when in fact at the end of World War II they accounted for about 90% of the population.
		With Israel overconfident in its ability to defeat the Arabs militarily, and failing to respond to Arab peace overtures, the Syrians and the Egyptians launched a surprise attack to regain the Golan Heights and the Sinai, lost to Israel in 1967.
	www.balgawi.com /Jordan/History/palestine.html (3143 words)

	Fllags of the Middle East
		The official description of the flag is that it symbolizes the Kingdom's roots in the Great Arab Revolt of 1916, as it is adapted from the revolt banner.
		Arab tribes who participated in the conquest of North Africa and Andalusia carried the red flag, which became the symbol of the Islamic rulers of Andalusia (756-1355).
		It belongs to the Arab Revolt grouping of Arab flags and is a deliberate copy of the Jordanian flag (minus the star), which presumably represents the historical link to 1920-23 when Palestine and Transjordan were one territory.
	www.jordanjubilee.com /genjord/fllags.htm (1802 words)

	Mavi Boncuk: 07/11/04
		Arab forces were often allowed to enter a city in a ceremonial fashion so that the victory could be credited to them, after British Commonwealth regulars had cleared the way.
		Seeing an opportunity to liberate Arab lands from Turkish oppression, and trusting the honor of British officials who promised their support for a unified kingdom for the Arab lands, Sharif Hussein bin Ali, Emir of Mecca and King of the Arabs (and great grandfather of King Hussein), launched the Great Arab Revolt.
		Official ceremonies are held in the great hall, where there is a symbolic marble sarcophagus, in front of which those attending the ceremonies stand in silence as a gesture of respect.
	maviboncuk.blogspot.com /2004_11_07_maviboncuk_archive.html (8556 words)

	Hussein calls on Arabs to support Iraq against U
		revolt and unseat those stooges, collaborators, throne dwarfs and cowards," the Iraqi president said in a speech broadcast on one of the most popular satellite channels in the Arab world.
		The address was an obvious appeal to Arab masses, especially in countries such as Egypt, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia, which Iraq has accused of failing to support its efforts to end U.N. sanctions.
		Widespread protests erupted in the Arab world during the Dec. 16 to 19 airstrikes by U.S. and British forces against Iraq for its failure to cooperate with U.N. weapons inspectors.
	www.jsonline.com /news/iraq/0106arab.asp (366 words)

	First World War.com - Primary Documents - Proclamation of the Ulema Regarding Independence from Turkey, March 1917
		Numerous reasons were cited to support Hussein's claim, not least of which was the alleged mistreatment by the Turks of Arabs in Syria, and the controversial argument put forward by the Young Turks (in 1909) that all religions were to be regarded as equal.
		Hussein's objective in initiating the Great Arab Revolt was to establish a single independent and unified Arab state stretching from Aleppo (Syria) to Aden (Yemen), based on the ancient traditions and culture of the Arab people, the upholding of Islamic ideals and the full protection and inclusion of ethnic religious minorities.
		It is a great mistake to suppose that in rising against this party we are rising against a legitimate Caliph possessing all the legal or, at least, some of the conditions qualifying him to be such.
	www.firstworldwar.com /source/arabindependence_ulema.htm (1233 words)

	Desert Discoveries - About Jordan, The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
		The land that is now Jordan lies in a position of great strategic and geographic importance, a crossroads where the Spice and Silk Routes from eastern Asia to the Mediterranean met the north-south axis of the trade routes from Turkey and Syria down to Arabia and Yemen.
		These Arab people, whose origins still remain mysterious, built their wealth upon the guardianship of the caravan routes and on the ingenious management of water in desert areas.
		The Revolt marks a milestone in their history as it led to the establishment of the modern Kingdom.
	www.desertdiscoveries.co.uk /aboutjordan.html (1111 words)

	Alliance For Security - The British Occupation of Iraq
		Arab leaders believed that the British accepted the Protocol in a letter from the British High Commissioner of Egypt later that year.
		The revolt lasted until Damascus fell in late 1918, which wrought an end to Ottoman rule in the Middle East.
		Throughout the Great Arab Revolt, the Arab world had pledged its support wholeheartedly behind the British as a trusted ally, bolstered by President Woodrow Wilson's promises that a determination of sovereignty must always give equal weight to the desires of a country's population.
	www.allianceforsecurity.org /iraq-occupation (1571 words)

	village voice > news > The Great Arab Voter Revolt by Kareem Fahim (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Michigan is home to the country's largest concentration of Arab Americans, a community that could represent upwards of 4 percent of voters in the state's delegate-rich caucus, and the same percentage in a general election.
		Like Zogby, many of Kerry's Arab American supporters say they were moved by his October speech, and by the prominence in his campaign of other Arab Americans like Bill Shaheen, a lawyer and the husband of former New Hampshire governor Jeanne Shaheen, who chairs Kerry's campaign.
		While Michigan's Arab Americans may be divided on the Democrats, hostility to the administration over the excesses of the Patriot Act, the failure to intervene in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and the muddled post-war crisis in Iraq mean they may just band together at general-election time.
	www.villagevoice.com /issues/0405/fahim.php (1336 words)

	The 1936 Riots
		The Arab High Command, as the group was known, was led by the Mufti Haj Amin al-Husseini, and represented Arab interests in Palestine until 1948.
		Another outcome of the Palestinian Revolt was the involvement of the Arab states as advocates of the Palestinian Arabs.
		The toll on the Arabs was estimated to be roughly 5,000 dead, 15,000 wounded, and 5,600 imprisoned.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/History/riots36.html (1008 words)

	Lawrence of Arabia . Players . Index \| PBS
		Sharif Hussein bin Ali, Emir of Mecca and King of the Arabs, was the last in a 724 year reign by the Hashemite Sharifs over Mecca...
		Dahoum was a young Arab worker when Lawrence met him in 1911, they became constant companions and were only in death...
		American film-maker Lowell Thomas made Lawrence a star, his film of the "mysterious blue-eyed Arab, the uncrowned king of Arabia" was a hit...
	www.pbs.org /lawrenceofarabia/players (148 words)

	Muslim American Society
		The issues that affect Arab Americans, according to Siblani and a number of other community members, are "first, the Patriot Act and the domestic civil rights agenda.
		is home to the country's largest concentration of Arab Americans, a community that could represent upwards of 4 percent of voters in the state's delegate-rich caucus, and the same percentage in a general election.
		's Arab Americans may be divided on the Democrats, hostility to the administration over the excesses of the Patriot Act, the failure to intervene in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and the muddled post-war crisis in
	www.masnet.org /articleinterest.asp?id=910 (1373 words)

	Jordan - Touristic Sites - The Jordan Valley
		At the southern end of the sea, the Arab Potash Company has built vast evaporation ponds covering over 10,000 hectares to extract potash from the mineral-rich waters.
		Because of its proximity, Christians fled from Jerusalem to Pella to escape the First Jewish Revolt in CE 66-70 and Roman persecution during the first and second centuries after Christ.
		The Byzantine armies were defeated by the Arab armies at the Battle of Yarmouk in 636 CE, and Islam soon became the dominant religious and cultural influence throughout the land.
	members.tripod.com /sinjlawi/deadsea.html (2381 words)

	World history 1936 -1937
		The revolt was opposed by government Loyalists, and civil war broke out.
		Under the terms, Great Britain was to withdraw all but 10,000 of its troops.
		An Arab High Committee was formed to unite all Arab opposition to the Jews in Palestine.
	www.multied.com /dates/1936.html (968 words)

	In Memory of Khalid Shoman - Life Story (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		His story is a legendary tale of a young man who overcame the hardships of immigration to the land of opportunity at the dawn of the twentieth century.
		He established the Arab Bank in Palestine, the second bank after Bank Misr in Egypt to be run by Arabs.
		In recognition of their faithful and loyal services to their country and the Arab cause, both Khalid's father and grandfather were awarded a great honor.
	www.khalid-shoman.org /lifestory2.htm (535 words)

	Jordan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The flag symbolizes the Kingdom's roots in the Great Arab Revolt of 1916, as it is adapted from the revolt banner.
		It is not only based on the flag of the Arab Revolt of 1916.
		In Pedersen 1979 (Danish edition), Jordan's Navy, Army and Air Force flags are shown with the national flag in the upper fly, and with the triangle at the outer edge of the flag.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/jo.html (1134 words)

	P.O.V. - Promises . Timeline . 1880 - 1936 \| PBS
		In April, in response to the killing of Sheikh Izz al-Din al-Qassam by the British, Arab residents of British-mandate Palestine begin "rioting," causing intercommunal violence, and the seizure of a shipment of illegal arms destined for the Hagana, or Jewish defense force.
		In April, in response to the killing of Sheikh Izz al-Din al-Qassam by the British, Arab residents of British-mandate Palestine begin the "Great Arab Revolt," causing intercommunal violence, and the seizure of a shipment of illegal arms destined for the Hagana, or Jewish defense force.
		The "revolt" lasts until 1939, when the British, in part to obtain Arab support for the recently erupted war with Germany, ban most land sales to Jews.
	www.pbs.org /pov/pov2001/promises/timeline1.html (529 words)

	WorldNetDaily: Lawrence of Arabia: Lionized liar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The same can be said of the so-called Great Arab Revolt against the crumbling Ottoman Caliphate, reputedly coordinated by Lawrence in his capacity as a liaison officer of the British Army.
		Indeed, Lawrence's memoir of the "Revolt" – "Seven Pillars of Wisdom" – is a veritable mirage of lies.
		Hijaz, the center of the "Revolt," was a remote region not terribly strategic to the Ottoman Sultan.
	www.wnd.com /news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=38382 (1012 words)

	DISCOVER JORDAN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The town of Salt was of great importance in the 19th and early 20th century, during the time of Turkish rule in Jordan.
		It was the chief administrative center for the surrounding area and, in the 1920s, it seemed the likely choice for the capital of the newly-independent state of Transjordan.
		The castle was built between 1184-85 CE by the nephew of Salah Eddin al-Ayyubi (known in the West as Saladin), the great Muslim commander who waged a successful campaign to recover lands lost to the invading Crusaders.
	www.aucegypt.edu /students/rotaract/jordan.htm (1530 words)

	Mesopotamian & Kurdistan Campaigns, 1919-1932
		The British managed to suppress the 1920 revolt at great expense, but they also understood some of the problem.
		Note: Casualties in the 1920 Shiite revolt were 2,200 British troops and 8,450 Iraqi civilians.
		Kurdistan Occupation Revolt 1922, by Ralph Zuljan (OnWar.Com)
	www.regiments.org /wars/20thcent/19mesopo.htm (727 words)

	The Saidiyin of Wadi Araba (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		In 1917, Sheikh Hamad Bin Jazi of the Huweitat asked the Saidiyin to join his cavalry fighting in the Great Arab Revolt under the banner of Hussein Bin Ali, the Sharif of Mecca.
		In truth, the Saidiyin Bedouins are a branch of the tribes Shammar, originally from Najd in the Arab Peninsula.
		The camel's great endurance in the harsh desert climate made it the perfect means for long- range power projection in attack, and the optimal conveyance in escape.
	www.acacialand.com /saidin.html (912 words)

	Spring 2004 Conference Abstract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Starting with the Treaty of Sykes-Picot of 1919 where the partition of the Arab lands took place using a ruler and a map on the negotiating table in Europe to prevent the establishment of a united Arab power.
		The British promised the Arabs independence and the Sharif of Mecca Hussein Bin Ali the title of "King of The Arabs" for declaring the great Arab Revolt against the Ottomans.
		With the departure of their military presence, a balkanized Arab land was in political and economic chaos.
	www.uky.edu /Education/Conference/Spring2004lam.html (627 words)

	Zundelsite ZGram - September 11, 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The Palestine Triangle: The Struggle for the Holy Land, 1935-48 by Nicholas Bethall is a very able study of the immensely complicated interaction of Arabs, Jews and Englishmen which determined the fate of the Holy Land in the period referenced.
		The British calculation at the outbreak of war was quite simple: They could not afford to alienate the Arabs and drive them into the arms of the Axis by repudiating the White Paper and allowing Jewish immigration into Palestine during war.
		Churchill perhaps finally perceived the folly of his lifelong support for Zionism when the revolt of the Irgun and the LEHI began in 1944.
	www.zundelsite.org /english/zgrams/zg2000/zg0009/000911.html (1251 words)

	Great War Movies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The David Lean 1962 classic about T.E. Lawrence and the Arab Revolt.
		Great movie, lots of ideas for Arab Revolt games, but a bit short on the rest of the Palestine Campaign.
		I just picked up a copy of this on DVD from Target in the US as a double pack with A Bridge to Far for $15.
	pages.zdnet.com /sfclarke/id30.html (279 words)

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