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Topic: Great Auk

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	great-auk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The great auk is linked to the discovery of North America by Icelandic Vikings who, noticing the seasonal appearance and departure of the birds, may have followed the huge rafts of migrating great auks and discovered Newfoundland to the west.
		From the 10th century, great auk colonies in the Outer Hebrides and on islets off of Iceland were occasionally raided by sailors and fishermen as an alternative food source, though this small scale, local depredation had little effect on the great auk population.
		Though the great auk was extensively killed for food and its eggs take, it was not until the birds came to the attention of the feather industry that they were headed for extinction.
	www.messybeast.com /extinct/great-auk.htm (4755 words)

	Great Auk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		All auks are expert divers which swim underwater using their wings, but the great auk had flipperlike wings, too short for flight.
		Great auks bred in large colonies at a few offshore islands in low arctic and boreal waters of the North Atlantic, from the Bird Rocks in the Gulf of St Lawrence to northern Britain.
		The great auk laid a single, large egg on bare rock and the breeding cycle was completed in about 7 weeks.
	www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com /index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0003421 (230 words)

	Recently Extinct Animals - Great Auk - Pinguinus impennis
		Distinctive features of the Great Auk are a fl, grooved bill, brown on the sides of the head, neck and throat, and a large white patch in the front of the eyes.
		The last Great Auks on the Faroer Islands were killed in 1808, on the Orkney Islands in 1812 and in Greenland in 1815.
		300 Pearls – Great Auk – The ‘penguin’ of the northern hemisphere.
	home.conceptsfa.nl /~pmaas/rea/greatauk.htm (730 words)

	Great Auk - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Great Auk (Pinguinus impennis) is an extinct bird.
		In the past, the Great Auk was found in great numbers on islands off eastern Canada, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Ireland and Great Britain, but it was eventually hunted to extinction.
		The Great Auk was hunted on a significant scale for food, eggs and down from at least the 8th century.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Great_Auk (1106 words)

	Amazon.de: Great Auk: English Books: Errol Fuller (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The auk's head alone merits, and receives, several pages of images and explanations: a grooved, fish-shaped beak, hazel eyes and a patch of white between them gave the bird an awkward, forlorn dignity--while its upright walk made it rare visual kin to the penguin.
		This "penguin of the north" (great auks were the original bearers of the name penguin) was driven to extinction by fierce human persecution--it was literally hunted out of existence--and has exerted a powerful hold on the imagination ever since.
		Flightless seabirds that nested on islands, great auks were easy prey for hungry sailors and were killed for their feathers, fat, and oil, and, in final irony, for scientific specimens when it became obvious they had become rare.
	www.amazon.de /Great-Auk-Errol-Fuller/dp/0810963914 (789 words)

	Great Auk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Auks are a common group of marine birds comprising 22 species, and include guillemots and puffins.
		Auks apparently originated near the Bering Sea, and presently occur in the North Pacific, North Atlantic, and Arctic Oceans.
		The Great Auk inhabited temperate and subarctic waters (Northern Britain, Iceland, Greenland, and Newfoundland), moving further south in winter.
	hoopermuseum.earthsci.carleton.ca /flightless/auk.htm (202 words)

	Canadian Biodiversity: The Great Auk
		The Great Auk is an extinct flightless bird that has become a symbol of destruction of the Earth and its life forms.
		The small clutch size of the Great Auk, and the fact that it did not breed until it was several years old may have been pertinent to its extinction.
		Owing to their flightlessness, Great Auks may have had a very limited foraging range, and prey depletion in proximity to colonies may have acted in a density dependent manner limiting colony size.
	biology.mcgill.ca /undergra/c465a/biodiver/2000/great-auk/great-auk.htm (866 words)

	U-Redlands Daily Facts - LIFESTYLE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In prehistoric days the great auk was extensively hunted by early man until it was extinct in those parts of the world where it could easily be found.
		Since each great auk laid only one egg a season, taking these eggs was a serious threat to the survival of the species.
		By the middle of the 19th century the remaining auks retreated to their last breeding ground the island of Geirfuglaster where they were still preyed upon by man, who harvested them by the thousands.
	u.redlandsdailyfacts.com /Stories/0,1413,217~24253~2949715,00.html (1378 words)

	Auk - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Auks live on the open sea and only go ashore for breeding, although some species, like the Common Guillemot, spend a great part of the year defending their nesting spot from others.
		The earliest unequivocal fossils of auks are from the Miocene (e.g.
		In the region where auks live their only seabird competition is with cormorants (which dive powered by their strong feet); in areas where the two groups feed on the same prey the auks tend to feed further offshore.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Auk (1413 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for auk
		auk AUK [auk], common name for a member of the family Alcidae (alcid family), swimming and diving birds of the N Atlantic and Pacific, which includes the guillemots and puffins.
		penguin PENGUIN [penguin] originally the common name for the now extinct great auk of the N Atlantic and now used (since the 19th cent.) for the unrelated antarctic diving birds.
		Identifying Great Auks and other birds in the Palaeolithic art of western Europe: a reply to d'Errico.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=auk (477 words)

	ICELAND WORLDWIDE - Birds - Great Auk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Great Auk has been extinct since 1844 when the last one in the world was killed on Eldey Island off the southwest coast of Iceland.
		The destiny of this great bird, the biggest one of the seabirds, is a reminder of what can happen if we aren't careful how we treat nature and it's creatures.
		The Great Auk was a big bird and because of it's size and the fact that it couldn't fly the were hunted to extinction.
	www.iww.is /pages/alife/birds/birdpages/geirfugl.html (94 words)

	Auk - Search Results - ninemsn Encarta
		Auk, common name for any of the web-footed seabirds in the auk and puffin family.
		The razorbill, or razor-billed auk, is a swimming bird, about 40...
		Guillemot, common name for five northern species of seabird of the auk family.
	au.encarta.msn.com /Auk.html (102 words)

	Amazon.com: Great Auk: Books: Errol Fuller (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The great auk, or "penguin of the north," is nearly as well known in the annals of extinction as the dodo and passenger pigeon.
		Nearing extinction, the auks became valuable to collectors for their eggs and skin, and the last birds were collected in 1844.
		The reason the story of the Auk's extinction has remained in our brains, in the recesses yes, but remembered nevertheless, is because of the sheer size and horrific destruction associated with the hunting to extinction of the bird.
	www.amazon.com /Great-Auk-Errol-Fuller/dp/0810963914 (1227 words)

	Why did the great auk become extinct? What was the great auk population in Iceland?
		The great auk (Pinguinus impennis) was very common in the North Atlantic in past centuries, particularly off the shores of Iceland, the Faroes, Greenland, the northern isles of the UK, Canada and Norway.
		The great auk was also hunted for its feathers which were used in the clothing industry.
		The great auk was a very large bird, at more than 70 cm in length it was by far the largest bird in the Alcae (auk) family.
	www.visindavefur.hi.is /svar.asp?id=5489 (350 words)

	1932 Club
		The auk spends most of the year in the open water of the North Atlantic Ocean, migrating as far south as Cape Hatteras in winter.
		The great auk (also known as the garefowl), now extinct, was a large bird, about the size of a goose.
		The razor-billed auk is classified as Alca torda, and the great auk is classified as Pinguinus impennis.
	www.archmere-alumni.org /greatauk.htm (477 words)

	Recently Extinct Animals - Species Info - Great Auk
		By the late 1600s the Great Auk population was dramatically declined owing to commercial exploitation for feathers oil and meat.
		The last Great Auks on the Faroer Islands were killed in 1808, on the Orkney Islands in 1812, the British Isles in 1813, and in Greenland in 1815.
		A rare specimen of a Great Auk that was moulting into its winter plumage still survives as a stuffed specimen at Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.
	www.petermaas.nl /extinct/speciesinfo/greatauk.htm (1242 words)

	Who Killed the Great Auk? Auk, The - Find Articles
		Using the Great Auk (Pinguinus impennis) as the medium, Gaskell weaves lore, legend, and human involvement with the species' fate into an historical and geographic essay with implications for extinction, conservation, ignorance, over-harvesting, ethics, environmental responsibility, and legislation to mention some.
		Gaskell squarely blames the Great Auk's extinction on the feather collecting crews in Newfoundland who wantonly slaughtered the flightless birds and others in the absence of effective and enforced legislation.
		Although the auk's final ignominious eradication was played out through the hands of Icelandic fishermen and the finances of Danish Museum men, some lost and lonely surviving individuals wandered North Atlantic waters well after 1844.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3793/is_200210/ai_n9103123 (765 words)

	The Last Great Auk - by Allan Eckert - product description
		Thc great auks were handsome penguin-like birds with head, neck, back and wings a deep glossy fl, and underside a startling white.
		Reconstructed with great skill and compassion, this is the story of the great auks' last annual migration between Eldey Island where they bred, and South Carolina where they wintered.
		The Last Great Auk is the story of the last of these birds, from his hatching and his adventures as a fledgling until, as leader of the dwindling flock, he returns to Eldey Island for the last time.
	freespace.virgin.net /wbb.ltd/titles/thelastgreatauk.html (284 words)

	auk — FactMonster.com
		Auks return to the same breeding grounds every year, and each individual goes to the very same nesting site.
		The single egg is laid on bare rock on cliff ledges, and incubation duties are shared by both parents.
		murre - murre, common name for a group of diving birds of the same family as the auk and the puffin...
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/sci/A0805334.html (247 words)

	Great Auk Skull
		Great Auk Skull - This now extinct species was once found in the Northern Atlantic from Maine to Scandinavia.
		A large flightless penguin-like bird, the Great Auk was a valued food source in historic times.
		The Great Auk was ultimately driven to extinction by scientific collecting for museums and individuals.
	www.skullsunlimited.com /great_auk_skull.html (106 words)

	Great Auk
		A strong swimmer, the great auk wintered as far south as Florida and southern Spain.
		Its extermination began with a slaughter for food and bait by local inhabitants, and continued for the bird’s fat and feathers.
		The last known living pair and one egg were taken in Iceland in 1844, and the great auk is now represented in collections only by bones, skins, and eggs.
	www.nature.ca /notebooks/english/greatauk.htm (110 words)

	great auk - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Find newspaper and magazine articles plus images and maps related to "great auk" at HighBeam.
		Littlewoods: a great auk of the retail world.
		Birds of the Grotte Cosquer: the Great Auk and Palaeolithic prehistory.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-x-greatauk.html (143 words)

	The Extinct Great Auk
		The Great Auk inhabited the rocky coasts and islands of the North Atlantic from Virginia, Scotland, Shetland and Ireland to Greenland and Iceland, almost to the Arctic Circle.
		One hundred years ago almost one hundred specimens of the Great Auk's eggs were known to exist and were sold to enthusiastic collectors for as much as £300.
		The Flightless Great Auk was hunted for food and its down and became extinct by the mid 1800s.
	www.ivorybill.com /g/greatauk.htm (123 words)

	Jay O'Callahan - From Jay: Creating the Story of "The Spirit of the Great Auk"
		He paddled alone but had the companionship of the guillemots, the puffins, the razor billed auks, the wind, the sun and the sea.
		On land he was greeted with great generosity by the Newfoundlanders.
		A coldness and sadness set in when he left Newfoundland for Nova Scotia and Maine, for he was entering the modern world, the world which thinks of itself as separate from nature, a world which denies anything is amiss with the sea or our relation to the earth.
	www.ocallahan.com /fromjay/greatauk.shtml (1035 words)

	THE GREAT AUK, The: by Errol Fuller (via CobWeb/3.1 planet03.csc.ncsu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		There are chapters on every aspect of the Great Auk's natural - and unnatural - history.
		A chapter details the lives some of those whose names have become inextricably linked with the species and another describes alleged sightings of Great Auks long after their supposed date of extinction.
		The Great Auk represents an astonishingly comprehensive record of a lost species and the book is sure to become a milestone of ornithological literature.
	www.hoppa.demon.co.uk.cob-web.org:8888 (277 words)

	Jay O'Callahan - Press: "Following the Spirit of the Great Auk" by Kezia Bacon
		The story is "The Spirit of the Great Auk," and the man is Dick Wheeler, a Marshfield native whose life's dream was to make an extended ocean kayaking trip.
		Inspired by his readings on the great auk, he decided that he would start out in his kayak from Funk Island off Newfoundland, and travel down the Canadian and New England coasts to Stellwagen Bank, following the long-extinct bird's migratory path.
		Often he would stop at small coastal villages where he would be treated to what he came to call "aggressive hospitality." They'd take him home, feed him a huge meal, give him the best bed for the night, and show him on a map where to put his boat in the next day.
	www.ocallahan.com /press/spirit.shtml (1820 words)

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