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Topic: Great Barrier Reef Marine Park

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	Great Barrier Reef - MSN Encarta
		In 1975 the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park was established as the largest marine protected area in the world (though it was overtaken in size by the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Marine National Monument in 2006).
		A barrier reef lies parallel to a coastline and is always separated from the shore by a wide lagoon.
		The growth of the Great Barrier Reef was subsequently interrupted by global changes in sea level and temperature during periods of glaciation, when more of the planet’s water was frozen in glaciers due to global cooling (see Ice Ages).
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761575831/Great_Barrier_Reef.html (1263 words)

	Largest No-Fishing Zone Declared In Great Barrier Reef (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Great Barrier Reef is the largest living organism on the planet, a colossal colony of limestone-secreting coral polyps stretching 1,430 miles (2,300 kilometers) off Australia's east coast.
		Traditionally, most of the marine park was open to commercial fishermen, including trawlers—boats dragging nets across the bottom of the ocean, destroying whatever is in their path.
		Reefs are considered a treasure chest for medical researchers; act as a living breakwater, sheltering coastlines from the open ocean; and provide income and food for millions of people.
	www.flmnh.ufl.edu /fish/InNews/nofishing2004.html (1011 words)

	Great Barrier Reef - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Great Barrier Reef (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Great Barrier Reef follows the curve of Australia's east coast, from New Guinea in the north to Lady Elliot Island, off the coast of Bundaberg, in the south.
		The channel between the reef and the coast is a valuable route of communication owing to the calmness of the sea, but careful navigation is necessary, especially at night, when the reef can scarcely be discerned.
		Centres on the east coast of Australia for tourism to the Great Barrier Reef are Townsville, Cairns, Port Douglas, Cook Town, and Mackay.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Great+Barrier+Reef (927 words)

	Reef closures helping fish stocks -- WWF-Australia
		The Great Barrier Reef attracts 1.6 million visitors annually and tourism in the reef catchment area provides 47,660 jobs - the industry is expected to grow by 50 per cent by 2020.
		Marine parks act as an insurance policy for the future both for marine life and local people by ensuring industries such as tourism.
		Since the reef's no fishing zone was expanded from 4% to more than 33% two years ago, the reef's marine park is now larger than the entire area of the UK and Ireland combined, meaning fish stocks in the area now have greater area to thrive.
	www.wwf.org.au /articles/reef-closures-helping-fish-stocks (390 words)

	BARRIER CASE
		Tourism is permitted in 99.8 percent of the Marine Park.
		Reef building corals need warm waters in which to grow and their plant helpers, the zooxanthellae, need light, just as plants on land do.
		Acanthaster Planci (Crown of Thorns Starfish) and The Great Barrier Reef.
	www.american.edu /projects/mandala/TED/barrier.htm (3596 words)

	AllRefer.com - Great Barrier Reef, Australia & New Zealand (Australian And New Zealand Physical Geography) - ...
		Great Barrier Reef, largest complex of coral reef in the world, c.1,250 mi (2,000 km) long, in the Coral Sea, forming a natural breakwater for the coast of Queensland, NE Australia.
		Composed of more than 2,800 individual reefs, the Great Barrier Reef is separated from the mainland by a shallow lagoon from 10 to 100 mi (16–161 km) wide.
		The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, more than 130,000 sq mi (340,000 sq km), encompasses most of the reefs and interreefal areas as well as the neighboring lagoon and a large section of the continental shelf.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/G/GreatBar.html (280 words)

	Marine Parks - EPA/QPWS
		Marine parks are established over tidal lands and waters to protect and conserve the values of the natural marine environment while allowing for its sustainable use.
		The new Marine Parks Act 2004 commenced on 31 August 2006 along with the new Marine Parks Regulation 2006 and Marine Parks (Declaration) Regulation 2006.
		The three State marine parks in Queensland are the Great Barrier Reef Coast Marine Park, Great Sandy Marine Park and the Moreton Bay Marine Park.
	www.epa.qld.gov.au /parks_and_forests/marine_parks (366 words)

	Great Barrier Reef - Australia's great natural wonder (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Great Barrier Reef is one of the seven wonders of the natural world, and pulling away from it, and viewing it from a greater distance, you can understand why.
		The reef, between 15 kilometres and 150 kilometres off shore and around 65 Km wide in some parts, is a gathering of brilliant, vivid coral providing divers with the most spectacular underwater experience imaginable.
		The Great Barrier Reef is a breeding area for humpback whales, migrating from the Antarctic and is also the habitat of a few endangered species including the Dugong (Sea Cow) and large Green Sea Turtle.
	www.greatbarrierreef.org (602 words)

	Great Barrier Reef -- WWF-Australia
		The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park is 345,000 km
		Reef industries, which are reliant on a healthy environment in which to operate, contributed approximately $5.8 billion to the Australian economy in 2004 and employed about 63,000 people.
		Not only is the reef subject to high levels of fishing pressure, other fishing practices such as seafloor trawling for prawns are still permitted in over half of the marine park, resulting in untargeted fish capture (by-catch) and destruction of the seafloor.
	wwf.org.au /ourwork/oceans/gbr (739 words)

	Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia
		Legendary Lt. Commander James Cook used this position to survey the outer barrier reef to seek escape for the MS Endeavour from the shoals of the coast in 1770.
		A marine biology research station hugs the south side of the island and an up-market resort owned by Australian Airlines sits on the shores of Anchor Bay to the north.
		The Conservation Park Zone is a fifteen hundred meter wide band of protected area around the northwest tip of the island and is further defined as a Public Appreciation Special Management Area restricting spearfishing and harvesting of aquaculture but allowing limited line fishing, one line/one hook per person.
	www.pcrf.org /science/Lizard_Island/reefreport.html (2542 words)

	Great Barrier Reef - Crystalinks
		The Great Barrier Reef, off Australia's east coast, is one of the wonders of the natural world.
		The corals which make up the various reefs and cays, and which are the base for this variety of sea and animal life, consist of individual coral polyps; tiny live creatures that join together to form colonies.
		Most of the Reef is part of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park and various parts of it are protected in certain ways - for example, fishing is restricted in some areas, particular animals - like whales, dolphins, green turtles and dugong - are protected.
	www.crystalinks.com /greatbarriereef.html (785 words)

	Reef Madness - Great Barrier Reef, Australia \| Travel + Leisure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		That's the dilemma on the Great Barrier Reef, a 1,240-mile sweep of spectacular biodiversity off the northeastern coast of Queensland, Australia (and, before we forget to mention it, one of the seven natural wonders of the world).
		Before I visited the Great Barrier Reef, everything I'd read had led me to picture it as one continuous, massive living structure; in fact, it's thousands of reefs, with coral and fish populations that are by no means equal.
		Last year, the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site measuring 135,000 square miles, was dramatically and triumphantly rezoned by the Australian federal government.
	www.travelandleisure.com /articles/reef-madness (836 words)

	Great Barrier Reef
		The Great Barrier Reef extends for 2,300km along the north eastern coast of Queensland Australia.
		In order to dive barrier reef sites under these conditions it is necessary to travel by sea quite a long distance from the mainland.
		The reef acts as a barrier to the sea and reduces ocean swells so that the seas within the reef are quite calm making for comfortable cruising and the best scuba diving Australia can offer.
	www.scubacentre.com.au /great_barrier_reef.htm (680 words)

	CSIRO Marine Research
		Prawn trawling is a major fishing activity on the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park occurring mostly in the lagoon, which stretches from the coast to the reef, and also between the reefs.
		The 350,000 km2 Great Barrier Reef Marine Park (GBRMP) is made up of coral reefs, the deeper waters between the reefs, and the lagoon.
		It is estimated that over the last 20 years, trawling in the GBRMP has depleted the most vulnerable fauna (those easily removed and slow to recover) in trawled areas by more than half, with the result that less vulnerable species (those difficult to remove and/or quick to recover) dominate the seabed community.
	www.marine.csiro.au /LeafletsFolder/26trawl/26.html (1098 words)

	Great Barrier Reef - Australia's Culture and Recreation Portal
		One of the main aims of the Reef Plan is to maintain biodiversity within the larger ecosystem of the Reef as well as different habitats to help sustain the biodiversity of species and population levels.
		The Great Barrier Reef area abounds with wildlife, including dugong and green turtles, varieties of dolphins and whales, more than 1500 species of fish, 4000 types of mollusc and more than 200 species of birdlife.
		Before visiting the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, it is important you study the zoning map for the area you are visiting to be sure of the activities that you can do and where you can do them.
	www.cultureandrecreation.gov.au /articles/greatbarrierreef (1188 words)

	The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park - A Bold Experiment
		Plans in 1969 to prospect for oil on the Great Barrier Reef and mine coral reefs for limestone were the trigger for intense public concern and debate in Australia and overseas.
		The guiding philosophy in the legislation was to establish a marine park while providing for “protection, wise use, understanding and enjoyment.” Spatial zoning plans that provided for a gradation of uses from “general use” to “preservation” were mandated as the main management tool.
		The policy and enabling legislation to protect the Great Barrier Reef was a political response to public concerns that were based on emotions, perceptions and values rather than hard science or facts demonstrating risk to the Reef environment.
	www.olemiss.edu /orgs/SGLC/National/SandBar/2.3reef.htm (1416 words)

	WWF \| Fishing \| Conservation Results \| Barrier Reef
		Australia's Great Barrier Reef Marine Park today becomes the world's largest marine protected area, thanks in part to four years of dedicated conservation and advocacy efforts by WWF and its partners.
		Under the new plan, protection of the reef system will rise from 4.6 percent to 33 percent of the existing Marine Park and World Heritage area, bringing the total protected area to more than 42,000 square miles - approximately the size of Pennsylvania.
		The new network of strictly protected areas will reduce pressure on the Great Barrier Reef and enhance its capacity to overcome large-scale threats such as overfishing, pollution and coral bleaching, which kills coral as water temperatures rise.
	www.worldwildlife.org /oceans/results_reef.cfm (299 words)

	World Heritage: Great Barrier Reef
		Reef herons, osprey, pelicans, frigate birds, sea eagles and shearwaters are among the numerous sea birds that have been recorded.
		The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park was declared in 1975 with the purpose of preserving the area's outstanding biodiversity whilst providing for reasonable use.
		The Great Barrier Reef map(gbr-map.pdf - 764 KB)
	www.environment.gov.au /heritage/worldheritage/sites/gbr/index.html (997 words)

	Great Barrier Reef information pages - Cairns - AUSTRALIA
		The Great Barrier Reef is the largest coral reef in the world, roughly parallel to the coast of Queensland, Australia, for almost 2,000km.
		The Great Barrier Reef is of such pristine condition that it was listed by the World Heritage Trust as a protected site and is therefore managed by the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority to ensure that its beauty is maintained for many generations to come.
		Increasingly, the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority is recognising the important role the marine tourism industry plays in presenting the area to the general public and its potential to work in partnership with managers to achieve best practice, sustainable use of the Marine Park.
	www.barrierreefaustralia.com /the-great-barrier-reef/great-barrier-reef-info.htm (1687 words)

	World Heritage: Great Barrier Reef
		Reef herons, osprey, pelicans, frigate birds, sea eagles and shearwaters are among the numerous sea birds that have been recorded.
		The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park was declared in 1975 with the purpose of preserving the area's outstanding biodiversity whilst providing for reasonable use.
		The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority (GBRMPA) is the Australian Government agency responsible for overall management, and the Queensland Government, particularly the Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service, provides day-to-day management to the Authority.
	www.deh.gov.au /heritage/worldheritage/sites/gbr (1012 words)

	Great Barrier Reef @ nationalgeographic.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A coral reef is made of “squillions” of coral colonies plus other limestone depositing organisms, growing on and among the skeletons of their predecessors, and the sands and silts derived from them.
		On the Great Barrier Reef, depending on where it grows, a reef can be either a ribbon reef (on the continental shelf edge), a platform reef (on the shelf), or a fringing reef (along the continental islands and mainland).
		Marine Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and South-East Asia.
	www.nationalgeographic.com /ngm/0101/feature2/index.html (962 words)

	Great Barrier Reef Management & Zoning - Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority - Queensland Parks and Wildlife
		The Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service (a State Government agency) is responsible for the day-to-day management of the marine park - the field operations - or `wet end' of marine park management.
		Each marine park zone has specific management objectives, which determine the human activities that may or may not take place in that zone and you must have a permit for certain activities.
		When you visit Australia's Great Barrier Reef help Marine Park manager's keep the Great Barrier Reef a great place by listening and learning to your guide, generally it all comes back to good common sense, after all we want our children and their children and so to enjoy it for generations to come.
	www.divingcairns.com.au /reef_management.html (279 words)

	Animal Planet :: Protection for Reef
		New plans for the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park ban commercial fishermen from a third of the giant coral network off Australia's northeast coast and tighten restrictions on shipping through the delicate ecosystem.
		Environment Minister David Kemp described the plan as an "historic and visionary" initiative that would help protect the reef — considered by scientists to be the world's largest living organism — from the ravages of pollution and overfishing.
		Scientists have warned that the reef is under increased threat from coral bleaching linked to global warming, pollution from shipping, overfishing and damage caused by chemical run-off from coastal agriculture.
	animal.discovery.com /news/afp/20031201/reef.html (511 words)

	reefED - Teaching Units - Managing the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area consists of the world’s largest system of coral reefs, together with lagoon, seagrass, mangrove and estuarine communities.
		In 1981, the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park and adjacent coastal areas and islands were inscribed on the World Heritage List, on the basis of their outstanding natural features and ecological integrity.
		The Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area approach to management is perhaps best reflected in the development of the 25-year Strategic Plan for the Area.
	www.reefed.edu.au /teaching/teaching/senior_secondary/managing_gbrmp (854 words)

	Great Barrier Reef
		The Great Barrier Reef is not in fact one single reef, but a system of about 3 000 individual coral reefs and islands stretching from Cape York to Gladstone off the Queensland coast.
		The Great Barrier Reef is home to a great variety of fish and other sea creatures.
		This starfish has always been part of life in a coral reef, but the balance has been tipped because the main natural predator of the starfish, the triton, is greatly prized by humans for its shell.
	www.kidcyber.com.au /topics/barrier_reef.htm (267 words)

	Destination: The Natural Wonders of the World
		The 2,000-kilometer (1,242-mile) reef, which sweeps along the northeast coast of Australia, is made up of the skeletons of generations of marine polyps that lived and died just under the surface of the crystal clear sea.
		Pollution, climate change and human intrusion are some of the factors endangering the delicate lime-based coral that covers some 344,000 square kilometers (137,600 square miles), often as close as 50 kilometers (31 miles) from shore.
		The reef -- home to the current generations of polyps -- is also inhabited by many colorful and exotic species of marine life.
	www.cnn.com /TRAVEL/DESTINATIONS/9711/natural.wonders/reef.html (189 words)

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