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Topic: Great Basin Bristlecone Pine

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Limber Pine

Rocky Mountains Bristlecone Pine

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Bristlecone pine

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Lodgepole Pine

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	Great Basin Bristlecone Pine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Great Basin Bristlecone Pine (Pinus longaeva) is one of the bristlecone pines, a group of three species of pine found in the higher mountains of the southwest United States.
		Great Basin Bristlecone Pine occurs in Utah, Nevada and eastern California.
		It differs from the Rocky Mountains Bristlecone Pine in that the needles always have two resin canals, and these are not interrupted and broken, so it lacks the characteristic small white resin flecks appearing on the needles in that species.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Great_Basin_Bristlecone_Pine (594 words)

	Bristlecone Pine Bibliography
		Critchfield, W.B. Hybridization of foxtail and bristlecone pines.
		Ferguson, C.W. Bristlecone pine chronology and calibration of the radiocarbon timescale.
		Ferguson, C.W. Dendrochronology of bristlecone pine, Pinus longaeva.
	www.sonic.net /bristlecone/biblio.html (2502 words)

	Great Basin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.netlab.uky.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Great Basin is not a single basin, but rather a series of contiguous watersheds, bounded on the west by watersheds of the Sacramento-San Joaquin and Klamath rivers, on the north by the watershed of the Columbia-Snake, and on the south and east by the watershed of the Colorado-Green.
		In 1986, the Great Basin National Park was established by the Federal Government, encompassing 122 square miles of land in Nevada, near the Utah border.
		The Great Basin is traversed by major long-distance railroads and expressways, such as the parts of Interstate 80 between Reno and Salt Lake City, Interstate 15 between California and Idaho, and Interstate 70 between its junction with Interstate 15 in Utah and westmost Colorado.
	en.wikipedia.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wiki/Great_Basin (1607 words)

	Bristlecone pines in Great Basin National Park
		Great Basin bristlecone pines (Pinus longaeva) are remarkable for their great age and their ability to survive adverse growing conditions.
		Bristlecone pines in these high-elevation environments grow very slowly, and in some years don't even add a ring of growth.
		Bristlecone pine seeds are occassionally cached by birds at lower elevations.
	www.nps.gov /grba/bristleconepine.htm (241 words)

	Bristlecone Pine - Picture - MSN Encarta
		The Great Basin bristlecone pine can live over 4,000 years and is believed to be one of the oldest living trees on the planet.
		All members of the pine family have needlelike leaves, generally longer than those of other conifers, which appear in clusters of two to five, depending on the species.
		Pines are extremely adaptable to a range of climatic and soil conditions and are widespread in their distribution.
	encarta.msn.com /media_461517334/Bristlecone_Pine.html (70 words)

	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > Bristlecone pine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The bristlecone pine is a type of pine tree that can reach ages far greater than that of any other living thing known - up to 5,000 years.
		The Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine (Pinus aristata) is found in Utah and Colorado, and specimens have been found up to 3,000 years old.
		Currently, the oldest living bristlecone, Methuselah, is believed to be about 4,700 years old, although there are certainly older specimens in remote areas of Nevada.
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/br/Bristlecone_pine (247 words)

	Bristlecone pine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The bristlecone pines are a small group of pine trees (Family Pinaceae, genus Pinus, subsection Balfourianae) that can reach an age far greater than that of any other single living organism known, up to nearly 5,000 years.
		The oldest single living organisms known are bristlecone pines, though some plants form clonal colonies that may be many times older.
		The oldest bristlecone pines are single plants that have been alive for about 5,000 years.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bristlecone_pine (472 words)

	AllRefer - Species: Great Basin Bristlecone Pine \| Pinus longaeva > Species:
		In the mountains of central and southern Utah, bristlecones are associated with quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) and Rocky Mountain juniper (Juniperus scopulorum) [1].
		In the dry, subalpine environment of the Great Basin, the dense, resinous, decay-resistant wood of bristlecones contributes to the ability of dead trees to stand for hundreds of years and fallen wood to persist for thousands [4].
		Great Basin bristlecone pine ranges in elevation from 7,500 to 11,200 feet (2,300-3,400 m) and is characteristic of treeline for high desert ranges [8,13,21].
	reference.allrefer.com /wildlife-plants-animals/plants/tree/pinlon/all.html (3142 words)

	AllRefer - Species: Rocky Mountain Bristlecone Pine \| Pinus aristata > Species:
		Great Basin and Rocky Mountain bristlecone pines differ in several important characteristics: chemistry, needle structure, and cone morphology [2].
		Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine is of value for its natural aesthetics and for watershed protection, as well as aiding in soil-building and stabilization in a harsh environment [12].
		To the north Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine increases in importance, and in the area of the Spanish Peaks of Colorado, it is found from treeline down to ponderosa pine-Gambel oak (Quercus gambelii) woodlands.
	reference.allrefer.com /wildlife-plants-animals/plants/tree/pinari/all.html (2483 words)

	GORP - Great Basin National Park - Bristlecone Pines (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Great Basin bristlecone pines (Pinus longaeva), among the oldest trees in the world, occur near treeline in three groves in Great Basin National Park.
		A 4,600-year-old Great Basin bristlecone pine in the White Mountains of California is the oldest known living tree.
		In favorable years, a bristlecone pine grows as any other tree does, but in unfavorable years, the living foliage dies back until the moisture and nutrient requirements of the remaining foliage match the supply provided by the root system.
	gorp.away.com /gorp/resource/us_national_park/nv/pin_gb.htm (759 words)

	Basin - Search Results - ninemsn Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The boundaries of a basin are formed by watersheds that separate it from...
		Kuznetsk Basin, rich coal-mining area of western Siberia, Russia, between the Altai Mountains and the Salair Ridge.
		Great Basin, area of inland drainage in the western United States, between the Wasatch Range on the east and the Sierra Nevada and Cascade Range on...
	au.encarta.msn.com /Basin.html (163 words)

	Bristlecone pine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The bristlecone pines are a small group of pine trees (Family Pinaceae genus Pinus subsection Balfourianae) that can reach an age far than that of any other living thing - up to nearly 5 000 years.
		A bristlecone older than "Methuselah" was cut in 1964 by a geography graduate student performing research in an area now by Great Basin National Park in Nevada.
		Bristlecone pines: Esthetic organism from and to the organic theatre
	www.freeglossary.com /Bristlecone_pine (464 words)

	Pinus longaeva description
		Still higher, there is a lower timberline of bristlecone pine defined by its tolerance of heat and drought, and above that is a final timberline beyond which winter's cold prevents even bristlecone from growing.
		A wealth of information on this species is available at the Bristlecone Pine Home Page Among other things, it provides a description of the incident that culminated with cutting down the oldest living tree ever found.
		Fritts, Harold C. Bristlecone pine in the White Mountains of California, growth and ring-width characteristics.
	www.conifers.org /pi/pin/longaeva.htm (1703 words)

	Bristlecone Growth
		Bristlecones occur in only six western states, but of these the oldest are found at the Ancient Bristlecone Pine Forest in the White Mountains of California.
		The longevity of the bristlecone needles and the inability of other plants to grow in the dolomite soil make for little leaf litter or ground cover.
		The bristlecones will survive on their own, but we must have enough respect for their place in the environment to assure their recordings of events yet to occur.
	www.sonic.net /bristlecone/growth.html (790 words)

	Pinus longaeva description (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Great Basin bristlecone pine (4), intermountain bristlecone pine (5).
		The best places to see bristlecones are in the Inyo National Forest on California, where the U.S. Forest Service maintains an interpretive trail through an exceptional bristlecone grove (with aweb site) (8); and in Great Basin National Park, where the National Park Service provides similar facilities.
		Bristlecone pine in the White Mountains of California, growth and ring- width characteristics.
	www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de /b-online/earle/pi/pin/longaeva.htm (1096 words)

	Great Basin National Park Sights Page
		Dead bristlecone wood is as valuable to scientists as a living tree, since it extends the continuous climate record even farther into the past by overlapping patterns of identical ring growths in different trees.
		Bristlecone pines are often confused with limber pines.
		Limber pine trees, on the other hand, have needles in packets of five that are 1 1/2 to 3 inches long, and grow only towards the ends of the branches.
	www.great.basin.national-park.com /sights.htm (2430 words)

	Office of Undergraduate Reseach - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Great Basin bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva) is the longest-lived tree on earth -- the oldest known individuals have lived over 4500 years.
		Previous research has treated the broad-scale patterns of bristlecone distribution in the central portion of the White Mountains and explained bristlecone occurrences as a function of edaphic and topographic factors.
		Pure stands of bristlecones are most commonly found on north-facing slopes, whereas slopes with few to no bristlecones were dominantly south-facing.
	www.unc.edu /depts/our/abstracts/bryson.html (287 words)

	Distribution of High Elevation White Pines (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Limber pine has a broad distribution occupying a variety of geographic locations throughout the west from the grassland treeline to the alpine treeline.
		Whitebark pine is primarily found at high elevation and timberline zones in the northern mountains of North America.
		Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine, Great Basin bristlecone pine and foxtail pine have narrower geographic and elevational distributions.
	www.fs.fed.us /rm/highelevationwhitepines/About/dist.htm (359 words)

	Great Basin Bristlecone Pine Article, GreatBasinBristleconePine Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Great Basin Bristlecone Pine (Pinus longaeva) is one of the bristlecone pines, a group of three species of pine found inthe higher mountains of the southwest United States.
		In Nevada, it is found in most of the higher ranges of the Basin and Range from the SpringMountains near Las Vegas north to the Ruby Mountains, and in Utah,northeast to South Tent in the Wasatch Range.
		The oldest known tree in the world is a specimen of this species located in the WhiteMountains, with an age of 4,700 years, measured by annual ring count on a small core taken with an increment borer.
	www.anoca.org /mountains/species/great_basin_bristlecone_pine.html (176 words)

	Ancient Bristlecone Pine Tree photos, Phillip Colla Natural History Photography :: Online Photo Search
		Bristlecone pine displays its characteristic gnarled, twisted form as it rises above the arid, dolomite-rich slopes of the White Mountains at 11000-foot elevation.
		Bristlecone pine rising above the arid, dolomite-rich slopes of the White Mountains at 11000-foot elevation.
		Bristlecone pines rising above the arid, dolomite-rich slopes of the White Mountains at 11000-foot elevation.
	www.oceanlight.com /ancient_bristlecone_pine_tree_photo.html (1101 words)

	GORP - Top Ten U.S. Old Growth Forests: The West (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Bristlecone pine is the oldest of the old.
		These trees are remarkable for their great age and their ability to survive harsh growing conditions.
		While the bristlecone pine range includes the California's White and Inyo Mountain Range (there are trees in Inyo National Forest) perhaps the best place to see them is at Great Basin National Park, which has the three largest surviving stands.
	gorp.away.com /gorp/activity/wildlife/topten_oldgrowth3.htm (611 words)

	Species Information: Great Basin Bristlecone Pine, Natures oldest living thing
		Bristlecone Pines have cuticles that are twice as thick as other timberline conifers, and the cuticle did not deteriorate with age.
		A 4,900 year old bristlecone pine tree in Nevada is comparable in age to those found in California.
		While bristlecone pines are rather widely distributed, the ancient trees are restricted to exposed, rocky areas at high altitudes.
	www.hevanet.com /rbennett/BristleconePine.htm (534 words)

	bristlecone pine : QuicklyFind Info
		The bristlecone pines''' are a small group of pine trees (Family Pinaceae, genus Pinus, subsection Balfourianae) that can reach an age far greater than that of any other living thing known - up to nearly 5,000 years.
		Currently, the oldest living specimen known is an individual of Pinus longaeva nick-named "Methuselah", located in the White Mountains of eastern California, measured by core samples to be about 4,700 years old.
		A bristlecone older than "Methuselah" was cut down in 1964 by a geography graduate student performing research in an area now protected by Great Basin National Park in Nevada.
	www.quicklyfind.com /info/bristlecone_pine.htm (378 words)

	Climate Audit » Upside-Down Quadratic Proxy Response (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The origin of bristlecone pine stands throughout Colorado is related to episodes of drought and presumably peak fire occurrence (Baker 1992).
		Baker (1992) reports that bristlecone pine regenerates well only on recently burned sites and therefore attributes the persistence of old stands of bristlecone not to climax stand dynamics but to the long lifespan of the individual pioneer trees in the absence of competition and fire.
		Although bristlecone pine is a pioneer species after fire, its role in mediating the environment to facilitate the establishment of late successional species has not been fully explored.
	www.climateaudit.org /?p=397 (11566 words)

	Red Butte Garden in Salt Lake City, Utah
		Bristlecone Pines are the oldest known dated living trees in the world and are native to the Inter-mountain West.
		Pinus longaeva or Great Basin Bristlecone has a geographic range at higher elevations (up to 11,000 feet) in California, Nevada and Utah while Pinus aristata or Rocky Mountain Bristlecone grows in Colorado, New Mexico and Arizona.
		When looking at these pines, the first thing you notice is the arrangement of the short needles around the branches in bundles of five.
	www.redbuttegarden.org /Gardening/?c=PP_Bristlecone_Pine.inc (271 words)

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