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	American Indians, Native Americans, History of a Proud People. History and Culture of Native Americans
		The Chippewas were the largest and most powerful tribe in the Great Lakes country, with a range that extended from the edge of Iroquois territory in the Northeast to the Sioux-dominated Great Plains.
		The tribe used the lakes and rivers of the region like a vast highway network, and developed the birch bark canoe into one of the continent's major means of transportation.
		The Shoshone were the most wide-ranging of the Great Basin tribes, with a habitat that stretched from the eastern Oregon desert to southern Colorado.
	www.americanindians.com (2126 words)

	Great Basin tribes - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Agriculture was not practiced within the Great Basin itself, although it was practiced in adjacent areas (modern agriculture in the Great Basin requires either large mountain reservoirs or deep artesian wells).
		In the early historical period the Great Basin tribes were actively expanding to the north and east, where they developed a horse-riding bison-hunting culture.
		Conditions for the Native American population of the Great Basin were erratic throughout the twentieth century.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Great_Basin_tribes (567 words)

	Great Basin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Great Basin is not a single basin, but rather a series of contiguous watersheds, bounded on the west by watersheds of the Sacramento-San Joaquin and Klamath rivers, on the north by the watershed of the Columbia-Snake, and on the south and east by the watershed of the Colorado-Green.
		In 1986, the Great Basin National Park was established by the Federal Government, encompassing 122 square miles of land in Nevada, near the Utah border.
		The Great Basin is traversed by major long-distance railroads and expressways, such as the parts of Interstate 80 between Reno and Salt Lake City, Interstate 15 between California and Idaho, and Interstate 70 between its junction with Interstate 15 in Utah and westmost Colorado.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Great_Basin (1600 words)

	Great Basin Material Cultures
		The climate of the Great Basin tended between extremes of heat and driness and freezing cold; most of the Basin's annual precipitation was in the winter in the form of snow.
		Those people of the Great Basin who lived near marshes or small lakes and were able to hunt waterfowl in any number constructed elaborate duck decoys to attract waterfowl and improve their chances.
		Basin people fortunate enough to catch large numbers of fish in annual spawning runs, like the Washoe, could probably have supplied themselves round-the-year, especially with pine nuts also available, had they developed the technology of smoking their fish as did people of the Northwest.
	www4.hmc.edu:8001 /humanities/basin/gb-matrl.htm (4035 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Great Basin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Great Basin is a large, arid region of the western United States, commonly defined as the contiguous watershed region, roughly between the Rocky Mountains and the Sierra Nevada, that has no natural outlet to the sea.
		The Great Basin Culture Area, home to the Great Basin tribes also extends further to the north and east than the hydrographic basin.
		The discovery of gold in California in 1848 brough waves of emigrants across the Great Basin along the California Trail, which followed the Humboldt River across Nevada.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Great_Basin (1203 words)

	Klamath Basin Water Crisis Upholding Americans
		Far less then the tribe wanted, the monies were distributed to those living of the 2,133 members of record on August 13, 1954, or their descendants.
		The Klamath and Modoc Tribes and Yahooskin Band of Snake Indians is composed of descendants of the Klamaths, Modocs, and the Yahuskin Paiutes who treated with the United States on October 14, 1864.
		The present-day Modoc Tribe of Oklahoma, which has a government-to-government relationship with the United States, is descended from Modocs who remained in Oklahoma and some of the others who went west but returned to Oklahoma to join their fellow tribesmen.
	www.klamathbasincrisis.org /tribes/tribeguide102503.htm (4310 words)

	Public Rewards from Public Lands - Great Basin Restoration
		The teams acknowledged that the Great Basin's ecological resiliency is failing as annual grasses and noxious weeds cover the land.
		Restoration of the Great Basin is a monumental effort, perhaps the single most daunting land-management challenge the BLM has ever undertaken.
		Restoration work in the Great Basin is beginning now—while there is still time to shape the future of this rugged, isolated, and surprisingly fragile land.
	www.blm.gov /nhp/pubs/rewards/2000/greatbasin.htm (1086 words)

	NPS Publications: Indian Tribes of Sequoia National Park Region (Basketry)
		In central California and among the tribes in the region of Sequoia Park, bath weaves are employed, though for basketry containers, coiling is far more characteristic of the tribes of the Great Basin east of the Sierra.
		Distinctive of the Great Basin tribes and correlated with their need of transporting water in their arid environment was the pitchcoated, twined water bottle.
		In short, basketry was to the tribes of California and the Great Basin what pottery was to the Southwestern tribes, articles of hide to the bison-hunting Plains tribes, and articles of wood to the Northwest Coast tribes.
	www.cr.nps.gov /history/online_books/berkeley/steward2/stewardg.htm (1349 words)

	Great Lakes Basin Ecosystem Team - Great Lakes Links
		The Great Lakes Regional Collaboration brings together a federal Task Force, the Great Lakes states, local communities, Tribes, regional bodies, and other interests in the Great Lakes region.
		The Great Lakes Strategy 2002 was created by the U.S. Policy Committee - a forum of senior-level representatives from the Federal, State, and Tribal agencies responsible for environmental and natural resources management of the Great Lakes to help coordinate and streamline efforts of the many governmental partners involved with protecting the Great Lakes.
		The Great Lakes Commission is a binational public agency dedicated to the use, management and protection of the water, land and other natural resources of the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence system.
	www.fws.gov /midwest/greatlakes/links.htm (965 words)

	Water Quantity Management - Great Lakes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Great Lakes Basin covers approximately 95,000 square miles and is composed of five of the largest freshwater lakes in the world.
		The Great Lakes and their bays and tributaries contain 20% of the world's supply of freshwater and 95% of the North American supply of surface freshwater.
		Although the total volume of water in the Great Lakes seems immense, we recognize that these waters are essentially a non-renewable resource which must be carefully managed so that their economic, ecological and social benefits can be sustained for future generations.
	www.dec.state.ny.us /website/greatlakes/quantity.html (691 words)

	Tribes and Culture
		These tribes are the Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation, the Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon, the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation, and the Nez Perce Tribe.
		The tribal vision is rebirth of the spiritual values of the BasinÕs land, water, air, plants and fish and wildlife, and the importance of these values expressed in terms of love, purity, respect and worship that sustained life for native peoples before the time of Christianity, Judaism, or any other of the worldÕs great religions.
		The salmon is a sacred animal to the tribes.
	www.critfc.org /oldsite/text/tribes.html (304 words)

	Indian Tribes
		The Chippewas were the largest and most powerful tribe in the Great Lakes country, with a range that extended from the edge of Iroquois territory in the Northeast to the Sioux-dominated Great Plains.
		The tribe used the lakes and rivers of the region like a vast highway network, and developed the birch bark canoe into one of the continent's major means of transportation.
		The Shoshone were the most wide-ranging of the Great Basin tribes, with a habitat that stretched from the eastern Oregon desert to southern Colorado.
	www.angelfire.com /hi2/joyjoyjoy/PROVERBSANDWHATTHEYMEAN.html (2480 words)

	Northwest Indian Tribes
		Within the tribes it was broken down into individual "bands" and within the bands it was divided into family groups.
		Their language served as the basis for the Chinook Jargon which became the principal means of communication for the Indians from California to the Yukon, as well as trappers, traders and the majority of other individuals living and surviving in the territory.
		The earlier territory of the Shahaptian tribes extended from the Rocky mountains to the Cascade range, and from the Yakima river basin to the Blue Mountains of Oregon.
	www.oregonpioneers.com /tribe.htm (1221 words)

	Great Lakes Restoration
		The restoration, protection and sustainable use of the Great Lakes is of utmost concern to the region's residents, officials and resource managers in all levels of government, and environmental stewards in both the United States and Canada.
		The lakes are a shared resource and Great Lakes policymakers are actively seeking public input to promote consensus and unity of purpose in restoration and protection initiatives.
		Great Lakes Forever is designed to raise awareness of the ecological value of the Great Lakes and concern about the threats to the ecosystem’s health, and to encourage citizen involvement in Great Lakes protection.
	www.great-lakes.net /infocenter/restoration.html (772 words)

	1/4 - An "Action Agenda" for Restoring the Basin Water System
		As a result, Great Lakes United and several basin partner groups are developing an “Action Agenda” to either 1) help guide any future official restoration effort, or, if current official momentum slows, or 2) establish the basis for a unified campaign by basin environmental groups to advocate for a comprehensive restoration effort.
		The terms “basin” and “basin water system” as used in this section of the action agenda refer to the wetlands, streams, rivers, and lakes of the Great Lakes - St. Lawrence River surface basin, plus the groundwater, whether located inside or outside the surface basin line, that contributes to them.
		Great Lakes Sustainable Waters Watch is produced by Great Lakes United's Sustainable Waters Task Force with support from the Charles Stewart Mott Foundation, the Hahn Family Foundation, The John R. Oishei Foundation, The Seymour H. Knox Foundation, The Joyce Foundation, and the members and donors of Great Lakes United.
	www.greatlakesdirectory.org /zarticles/010403_great_lakes.htm (1598 words)

	Leaders pledge water diversion protection this year
		Seven months after signing the Annex 2001 plan for protecting the Great Lakes against large-scale diversion, the region's ten governors and premiers have finally released a timeline to negotiate the formal, legally binding agreement that would carry out the promises of the annex.
		By focusing their water use laws on environmental protection and treating all water proposals the same whether intended for use inside or outside the Great Lakes basin, the governors and premiers hope to make future rejections of damaging bulk water export and diversion proposals immune from challenge under U.S. trade laws or international trade agreements.
		The executives are still considering possible means for including the governments of sovereign basin tribes and First Nations, some of which border the lakes and connecting channels.
	www.greatlakesdirectory.org /zarticles/28waterdiversion.htm (853 words)

	deseretnews.com \| Tribes praise new museum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		For members of Utah's Indian tribes, a national museum is a symbolic honor and a sign that the nation recognizes its history did not begin with the pilgrims but in the traditions rooted in thousands of years of Native American culture.
		Those tribes stretch from the Sierra Nevada Mountains in the west to the Rockies in the east and include the Shoshone, Ute, Goshute and Paiute nations, with populations between 20,000 and 30,000, he said.
		She said the only contact her tribe received from the museum was several years ago when somebody called to ask how the word "welcome" was said in Shoshone.
	deseretnews.com /dn/view/0,1249,595093059,00.html (895 words)

	History of Utah Tribes
		By the early 1700s, all the tribes in Utah had access to the horse, some adopting it as a means of transportation, primarily the Ute and Shoshoni, others accepting it as a source of food.
		The Ute Tribe is developing its resources and pursuing its own destiny in cooperation with various government entities in the Uintah Basin, including the state of Utah.
		Both tribes are pursuing all avenues available to them to grow and develop their potential.
	indian.utah.gov /history_of_utah_tribes/index.html (1389 words)

	NPS Publications: Indian Tribes of Sequoia National Park Region (Ceremonialism/Ghost Dance) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Again, the interesting addition of the ceremonial buffoon, whose duty it was to desecrate and burlesque the sacred rites was limited to the tribes on the western side of the Sierra.
		One ceremony of great importance in southern California which is strongly developed among the Yokuts and occurs rather conspicuously among the Tubatulabal and Owens Valley Paiute is the annual mourning ceremony, involving burning of property and destruction of the image of the deceased.
		A type of dance typical of the Great Basin peoples is the circle dance, a social affair held at the annual fall gatherings, in which men and women alternate in a huge circle.
	www.cr.nps.gov /history/online_books/popular/steward2/stewardl.htm (818 words)

	The Fallon Paiute-Shoshone Tribe and Sand Mountain
		But in fact, her tribe is part of a much larger network of related tribes; the designation the government gave her people is not the designation her people gave themselves.
		These tribes she considers the Great Basin tribes; all were wanderers.
		The whole of the Great Basin was connected by networks of a common people.
	www.notesfromtheroad.com /greatbasin/loneliest_road9d.htm (555 words)

	MISSION STATEMENT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Great Basin Inter-Tribal NAGPRA Coalition (GBITNC) is a culturally based organization established to protect Great Basin burials as well as strive for the return of our ancestors that were disrespectfully removed from their eternal resting place and are currently held in federal, state, private and international collections throughout the nation and world.
		Great Basin Tribes have always acknowledged our shared groups relationship and common ancestry, and since the beginning of time have shared our aboriginal territory.
		The GBITNC claims a shared group identity and recognizes that Tribes are the sole and final authority to identify and determine the disposition of any and all human remains, items of cultural patrimony, and sacred objects.
	www.fpst.org /nagpra/id24.htm (472 words)

	Oregon Blue Book History/Great Basin
		The Klamath Basin peoples actually lived at a point of transition between Plateau, Basin, Coast and California lifeways, whereas the Northern Paiute, who held vast stretches of central and southeastern Oregon, were more closely tied to the basin environment.
		Oregon's Great Basin peoples engaged in a seasonal round that often required 200 or more miles of travel per year.
		The peoples of the Great Basin traveled in extended family groups but sometimes gathered as bands for communal hunts.
	bluebook.state.or.us /cultural/history/history04.htm (822 words)

	Great Basin Indian Collection
		The collection is a function of a library-based Great Basin Indian Program which supports and encourages scholarly research and study of all aspects of Great Basin Indian life and culture.
		In support of Great Basin Indian research on both a regional and national level, a continuing, comprehensive effort is made to acquire all materials relating to Great Basin adjacent Indian groups.
		Materials on primary Great Basin Tribes such as the Paiute and Shoshone are collected comprehensively, with secondary emphasis on tribes bordering the region.
	www.library.unr.edu /specoll/gbi.html (512 words)

	Great Lakes \| US EPA
		Federal agencies, Great Lakes Governors, Great Lakes Mayors, Great Lakes Tribes, and Members of the Great Lakes States Congressional Delegation together have convened a collaboration to restore and protect the Great Lakes ecosystem.
		The official launch of this collaborative effort was a Conveners Meeting held in Chicago on December 3, 2004.
		The Great Lakes Legacy Act provides funding to take the necessary steps to clean up contaminated sediment in "Areas of Concern" (AOCs) located wholly or partially in the United States.
	www.epa.gov /glnpo (286 words)

	Utah History Encyclopedia
		All of these forms of personal, family, and group expression constitute the folklore of Utah, and each of them is best studied and appreciated within the context of the group, the setting, and the cultural heritage in which it occurs.
		Great Basin native peoples also share a mythology centered on the figures of Wolf, the culture hero who made heaven and earth, and Coyote, the trickster responsible for the origination of many plants, animals, and natural features as well as the human use of fire and the knowledge of arts and crafts.
		The cosmology, ceremonials, and medicinal and religious practices of the Navajo are also markedly different from the cultural practices of the Great Basin tribes.
	www.media.utah.edu /UHE/f/FOLKLORE.html (2591 words)

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