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Topic: Great Chilean Earthquake

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	Earthquake K-12 Experiments & Background Information
		Earthquakes occurring at boundaries of tectonic plates are called interplate earthquakes, while the less frequent events that occur in the interior of the lithospheric plates are called intraplate earthquakes.
		Some earthquakes are the result of a number of anthropogenic sources, such as extraction of minerals and fossil fuel from the Earth's crust, the removal or injection of fluids into the crust, reservoir-induced seismicity, massive explosions, and collapse of large buildings.
		Earthquakes have also been known to be caused by the removal of natural gas from subsurface deposits, for instance in the northern Netherlands.
	www.juliantrubin.com /encyclopedia/earthsciences/earthquake.html (3077 words)

	earthquake
		Earthquakes occur every day on Earth, but the vast majority of them are minor and cause no damage.
		Earthquakes, especially those that occur beneath sea- or ocean-covered areas, can give rise to tsunamis, either as a direct result of the deformation of the sea bed due to the earthquake, or as a result of submarine landslips or "slides" indirectly triggered by it.
		Some earthquakes are caused by the movement of magma in volcanoes, and such quakes can be an early warning of volcanic eruptions.
	en.mcfly.org /earthquake (1100 words)

	Earthquake - Free net encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Earthquakes occur where the stress resulting from the differential motion of these plates exceeds the strength of the crust.
		Most earthquakes are tectonic, but they also occur in volcanic regions and as the result of a number of anthropogenic sources, such as reservoir induced seismicity, mining and the removal or injection of fluids into the crust.
		Deep focus earthquakes, at depths of hundreds of kilometres, are possibly generated as subducted lithospheric material catastrophically undergoes a phase transition since at the pressures and temperatures present at such depth elastic strain cannot be supported.
	www.netipedia.com /index.php/Earthquake (2359 words)

	Great Chilean Earthquake - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Great Chilean Earthquake or Valdivia Earthquake (Terremoto de Valdivia in Spanish) of May 22, 1960 is the largest magnitude earthquake recorded since seismographic monitoring began.
		The total number of fatalities from the earthquake and tsunami was estimated to be 6,000.
		Despite the record strength of the earthquake, more people were killed by tsunamis than by the earthquake.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Great_Chilean_Earthquake (267 words)

	Earthquake
		Most large earthquakes are accompanied by other, smaller ones, known as foreshocks when they occur before the principal or mainshock and aftershocks when they occur following it.
		The source of an earthquake is distributed over a significant area -- in the case of the very largest earthquakes, in excess of a thousand kilometres -- but it is usually possible to identify a point from which the earthquake waves appear to emanate.
		A rare few earthquakes have been associated with the build-up of large masses of water behind dams, such as the Kariba Dam in Zambia, Africa, and with the injection or extraction of fluids into the Earth's crust (e.g, at certain geothermal power plants and at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal).
	www.askfactmaster.com /Earthquake (970 words)

	The Great Earthquake and Tsunami of 28 March 2005 in Sumatra, Indonesia - Prelimiminary Report by Dr. George ...
		The region where the great earthquake occurred on 28 March 2005, marks the seismic boundary formed by the movement of the Australian plate as it collides with the Burma subplate, which is part of the Eurasian plate.
		The energy of this earthquake was one half to one fourth of the energy released by the 26 December 2004 earthquake.
		Apparently the great earthquake of 28 March 2005, was triggered by stress transferrance of the 26 December 2004 earthquake, and ruptured the same section along the Central Domain of convergence as the 1861 earthquake.
	www.drgeorgepc.com /Tsunami2005ndonesia.html (4142 words)

	Important.ca. Asia Earthquake, Tsunami Information Resource
		Since 1900, the only earthquakes recorded with a greater magnitude were the 1960 Great Chilean Earthquake (magnitude 9.5), the 1964 Good Friday Earthquake in Prince William Sound (9.2), and the March 9, 1957 earthquake in the Andreanof Islands (9.1).
		The earthquake itself (apart from the tsunamis) was felt as far away as Bangladesh, India, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, Singapore and the Maldives.
		The shaking of the seabed by the earthquake displaced massive volumes of water, resulting in tsunamis that struck the coasts of the Indian Ocean; the deadliest tsunamis by far in all of recorded history.
	www.important.ca /tsunami_asia_earthquake.html (1688 words)

	Earlham College - Geology 211- Tsunami (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The earthquake which some say was the second largest ever recorded by a seismograph, the first being the great Chilean earthquake.
		The Indian Ocean earthquake was caused by the subduction of the India plate by the Burma Plate in the Indian Ocean.
		The USGS estimates that the earthquake and fallowing tsunami is responsible for 283,106 deaths.
	www.earlham.edu /~pasmamo/mollywebpage.htm (546 words)

	Greatest Earthquake
		The honor of greatest earthquake of all time goes to the 1960 Chile earthquake because scientists were able to catch this one on tape.
		The instruments that seismologists use to measure earthquake magnitudes are designed to detect the amount of energy released by the movement of the ground during a quake.
		In the case of the Chile earthquake, the amount of energy released during the quake, not the number of human deaths and damage to structures, earned it the title of greatest.
	www.extremescience.com /GreatestEarthquake.htm (703 words)

	Thanks 4 Supporting. Us :: 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake was an undersea megathrust earthquake of moment magnitude 9.0 that struck the Indian Ocean off the western coast of northern Sumatra, Indonesia on December 26, 2004 at 00:58:53 UTC (07:58:53 local time in Jakarta and Bangkok).
		It was the largest earthquake on Earth since the 9.2-magnitude Good Friday Earthquake which struck Alaska on March 27, 1964, and the fourth largest since 1900 (tied with a 1952 earthquake of 9.0 magnitude in Kamchatka).
		Tectonic plates at epicenterThe India Plate is part of the great Indo-Australian Plate, which underlies the Indian Ocean and Bay of Bengal, and is drifting northeast at an average of 6 cm/yr (2 in/yr) (or 5 m (17 ft) per century), relative to the Burma Plate.
	www.thanks4supporting.us /2004-indian-ocean-earthquake.html (1691 words)

	Scholastic.com \| Online Activities: Weather Watch
		This was one of the rare earthquakes in which the fault slip was easily visible at the Earth's surface.
		His warnings were not heeded, and in 1923 a great earthquake caused extensive damage in Yokohama and Tokyo by direct shaking and by fires.
		This was one of the two largest earthquakes, in terms of seismic moment, in a century.
	teacher.scholastic.com /activities/wwatch/earthquakes/famous.htm (664 words)

	SpiNet \| 1960 Chilean Earthqauke (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		An earthquake of moment magnitude of 9.5 ripped through the area of southern Chile generating tsunamis and causing the eruption of long quiet volcanoes.
		A huge tsunami was generated from the subsidence of the ocean floor and after devastating the western South American coast, went on to ravage Hawaii and Japan.
		The Chilean earthquake was so much larger than any previously recorded earthquake, seismologists needed to develop a better method to measure earthquake size.
	www.scieds.com /spinet/historical/chile.html (197 words)

	Magnitudes of Large Earthquakes
		Magnitudes are, in principle, an objective measure of the amount of ground movement (and by implication, energy) in an earthquake.
		Magnitudes of great shallow earthquakes from 1953 to 1977: Tectonophysics, v.
		Magnitudes of great shallow earthquakes from 1904 to 1952: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v.
	www.msu.edu /~fujita/earthquake/bigquake.html (757 words)

	ISDR: Platform for the Promotion of Early Warning
		The earthquake generated a tsunami that was among the deadliest disasters in modern history.
		The India Plate is part of the great Indo-Australian Plate, which underlies the Indian Ocean and Bay of Bengal, and is drifting north-east at an average of 6 cm/year (2 inches/year).
		The earthquake induced sudden vertical rise of the seabed by several metres disrupted massive volumes of water, resulting in a tsunami that struck the coasts of the Indian Ocean.
	www.unisdr.org /ppew/tsunami/what-is-tsunami/backinfor-historical.htm (984 words)

	Space Weather Monitors- Stanford SOLAR Center
		There is some intriguing research about whether large earthquakes are associated with ionospheric changes caused by electromagnetic signals released by the crushing of rock crystalline structures.
		Best approach might be to pick a recent earthquake then check the SID data from stations around the world to see if any changes were noticed at, before, or after, that time.
		Response of the ionosphere to the Baltic Sea earthquake of 21 September 2004
	solar-center.stanford.edu /SID/educators/earthquakes.html (538 words)

	The Great Sumatra-Andaman Islands Earthquake and Tsunami of 26 December 2004 II - Union [U]
		Approximately 70 minutes after the great Sumatra-Andaman Islands earthquake of 26 December 2004 and 40 to 130 minutes before the tsunami's arrival, the ground at three island stations in the Indian Ocean started to shake at periods comparable to those of the tsunami waves (~1000 s).
		Digital and analog tide gauge recordings of the Indian Ocean tsunami generated by the great Sumatra earthquake of December 26, 2004 were analyzed to estimate the tsunami's speed of propagation and spectral content.
		The earthquake of 26 December 2004 was a thrust event that occurred at the interface between the Burma/Andaman Plate and the Indian Plate.
	www.agu.org /meetings/sm05/sm05-sessions/sm05_U44A.html (1342 words)

	EzyGuideWeb Index - Search
		Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI) - Activities of the national society of engineers, geoscientists, architects, planners, public officials, and social scientists related to earthquake exposure, risk and protection of lifelines and building structures.
		The Military and the San Francisco Earthquake, 1906 - Actions of the Navy and Army during the disaster.
		Earthquake Effects - A presentation for on the direct and indirect geologic effects of the Hyogo-Ken Nanbu earthquake, with radar interferometric images, maps, and photographs.
	www.ezyguide.net /index.php?search=earthquake (783 words)

	Sumatra Earthquake / Asia Tsunami - Arve Bersvendsen
		Update: The largest magnitude earthquake recorded is the Great Chilean Earthquake on May 22, 1960, with a measured magnitude of 9.5.
		According to the search engine, the worst recorded natural disaster in recorded history was the 8.3 magnitude earthquake in the Shansi province of China, on January 23, 1556, killing 830 000 people.
		I was hoping I could help by reuniting some families or putting them in contact with eyewitnesses who may recognize their relative and know where they were or what happened to them.
	virtuelvis.com /archives/2004/12/tsunami (1409 words)

	CUES - Constructing Understandings of Earth Systems
		Identify patterns in the distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes at a regional and global scale.
		Look for relationships between two kinds of events that change the geosphere: earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
		There are two lists on this page: the top 15 earthquakes in the United States and the top 15 earthquakes in the contiguous United States.
	www.agiweb.org /education/cues/students/geosphere/c3nvestigation4.html (197 words)

	SeismoArchives: Earthquakes
		The purpose of these International Digital Earthquake Archives (IDEAs) is to preserve earthquake data, specially seismograms, for future research.
		Seismograms, data, and related materials of selected earthquakes are stored in archives as computer data files so that they are freely accessible via the Internet, and seismograms (in originally scanned resolution) are downloadable from the IRIS Data Management Center.
		1906 Aleutian Is. Earthquake Archive in Memory of Prof.
	www.iris.edu /seismo/quakes (297 words)

	Earthquake Hazards Program: Chile 1960 May 22 19:11:14 UTC, Magnitude 9.5 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Earthquake Hazards Program: Chile 1960 May 22 19:11:14 UTC, Magnitude 9.5
		More than 2,000 killed, 3,000 injured, 2,000,000 homeless, and $550 million damage in southern Chile; tsunami caused 61 deaths, $75 million damage in Hawaii; 138 deaths and $50 million damage in Japan; 32 dead and missing in the Philippines; and $500,000 damage to the west coast of the United States.
		This page is brought to you by the Earthquake Hazards Program
	neic.usgs.gov /neis/eq_depot/world/1960_05_22.html (107 words)

	World Earthquakes
		Steinbrugge Collection, Earthquake Engineering Research Center, UC Berkeley.
		The 1960 Great Chilean Earthquake (University of Arizona, Department of Geosciences)
		The Tangshan Earthquake (University of Arizona, Department of Geosciences)
	bcs.whfreeman.com /earthquakes/content/cat_490/bt00eh05.htm (479 words)

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