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Topic: The Great Comet of 1811

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	C/1811 F1 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It was categorized as a Great Comet, the 54th in recorded history and one of eight in the 19th century.
		It was discovered on March 25, 1811 by HonorÃ© Flaugergues at 2.7 AU from the sun and confirmed by Jean-Louis Pons and Franz Xaver, Baron Von Zach in April.
		The comet nucleus was estimated at 30-40 km in diameter and the orbital period was calculated at 3,757 years (later adjusted to 3,065 years).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Great_Comet_of_1811 (265 words)

	Comets
		Comet structures are diverse and very dynamic, but they all develop a surrounding cloud of diffuse material, called a coma, that usually grows in size and brightness as the comet approaches the Sun.
		In this state comets are sometimes referred to as a "dirty iceberg" or "dirty snowball," since over half of their material lumps of frozen gas and rock.
		The ices that make up comets appear to have been the very building blocks that formed the early atmospheres of the planets, and scientists now very strongly believe that it was the collisions of comets that brought water to our world and enabled life to begin.
	www.crystalinks.com /comets.html (2526 words)

	Comet Hale-Bopp (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Normally, comets are inert when they are beyond the orbit of Jupiter, so it has been speculated that Comet Hale-Bopp is either a rather large comet or experienced a bright outburst (or both).
		The comet did not pass particularly close to either the Sun or the Earth, but because of its rather large size, the comet was very bright and reached a peak magnitude of about -1.
		Also, Comet Hale-Bopp holds the record for the longest period of naked eye visibility, an astoninshing 19 months, easily breaking the the previous record of 9 months held by the Great Comet of 1811.
	stardust.jpl.nasa.gov /comets/hb.html (304 words)

	Augusta, Georgia: technology@ugusta: Year of the comet - astronomers train their sights on Hale-Bopp 1/2/97
		Green noted that Hale-Bopp ``is a very dusty comet, as comets go, one of the most dusty we've seen.'' And, fortunately, he said, dust reflects sunlight ``right in the middle of the sensitivity of the human eye.'' So the long tail that streams out from the comet should be highly visible in the spring.
		Comets are defined, at least theoretically, by the ``dirty snowball'' model proposed decades ago by astronomer Fred Whipple, now retired from the Center for Astrophysics in Cambridge.
		Their studies involve tracking the comet's trajectory so that its future path can be determined, using light-analyzing techniques to identify and measure the gases that are boiling out of the comet and watching how its luminous tail interacts with the solar wind, the constant flow of energetic particles emanating from the sun.
	chronicle.augusta.com /stories/010397/comet.html (1217 words)

	[No title]
		The great underlying and indispensable fact that the comet comes rushing up toward the sun out of space, and then shoots round that great center of attraction by the force of its own acquired and ever-increasing impetuosity; the fact that it is obedient {p.
		The comet is obviously drawn by the influence of the sun's mass, and is subservient to that all-pervading law of sympathetic gravitation that is the sustaining bond of the material universe.
		If the comet were not a material and ponderable substance it would not gravitate round the sun, and it would not move with increasing velocity as it neared the mighty mass until it had gathered the energy for its own escape in the enhanced and quickened momentum.
	www.gutenberg.org /dirs/etext04/ragna10.txt (13720 words)

	PSR Discoveries: Hot Idea: Comet Hale-Bopp
		In addition, near perihelion, comet tails can extend millions of kilometers in space (making them the largest objects in the solar system), thus depending on the geometry of the orbit, the tail can have a length projected against the sky which is a large fraction of the celestial sphere.
		Brahe made measurements of the position of the Great Comet of 1577 and determined from its parallax that it was a distant object, much farther away than the Moon, and therefore not an atmospheric phenomenon as many had believed.
		Although he died before the prediction could be verified, the comet was recovered on January 21, 1758, and it was named in honor of him (usually comets are named after their discoverers).
	www.psrd.hawaii.edu /Feb97/History.html (1169 words)

	Starwatch - Comet Hale/Bopp, Lunar Eclipse
		Comet Hale/Bopp, showing signs of becoming one of the greatest comets this century, is poised to enter the evening sky around March 16.
		One of the greatest comets in recent memory is the great comet of 1811, mentioned in the novel, "War and Peace".
		This comet was, in one important aspect, the antithesis of comet Kohoutek; it appeared to be a run of the mill comet until just a week before it's peak when it suddenly brightened beyond the brightest stars at the end of February.
	www.tmclark.com /Starwatch/3_5.html (976 words)

	[No title]
		The comet is obviously drawn by the influence of the sun's mass, and is subservient to that all-pervading law of sympathetic gravitation that is the sustaining bond of the material universo.
		If the comet were not a material and ponderable substance it would not gravitate round the sun, and it would not move with in creasing velocity as it neared the mighty mass until it had gathered the energy for its own escape in the enhanced and quickened momentum.
		Comets consist of a blazing nucleus and a mass of ponderable, separated matter, such as stones, gravel, clay- dust, and gas.
	djvued.libs.uga.edu /text/rag.txt (14727 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		He was born in 1769 when a great comet was in the sky.
		Several of his 60 battles were won when comets were in the sky and Bonaparte apparently became friends with Charles Messier, one of the most successful comet hunters in the history of France.
		There are references who claim the Great Comet of 1811 was in the sky when Bonaparte was making the decision to attack Russia.
	www.ropeadope.com /tinhattrio/comet05.html (279 words)

	C/1811 F1 (Great Comet)
		The orbit indicates the comet was discovered when situated 2.72 AU from the sun or at the distance of the asteroid belt.
		The comet entered Leo on August 2, and by mid-month was situated almost due north of the sun.
		The comet's solar elongation decreased as January continued, dropping to 30 degrees by the 10th, 25 degrees by the 17th, and 20 degrees by the 24th.
	cometography.com /lcomets/1811f1.html (2312 words)

	PS Comet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The paddle steamer PS Comet was built for Henry Bell, hotel and baths owner in Helensburgh, and began a passenger service in 1812 on the River Clyde between Glasgow and Greenock, the first commercially successful steamboat service in Europe.
		In 1811 he got Messrs John Wood and Co., shipbuilders, Port Glasgow, to build a paddle steamer which was named the Comet after the " Great Comet " of 1811.
		Then he had the Comet lengthened and re-engined and from September 1819 ran a service to Oban and Fort William (via the Crinan Canal) a trip which took four days, but in 1820 the Comet was shipwrecked in strong currents at Craignish Point near Oban.
	www.mywiseowl.com /articles/PS_Comet (522 words)

	The Comet of 1861
		The twentieth century was almost devoid of great comets, thus disproving the notion that they are portents of war and disaster.
		The comet of 1861 was not the most spectacular of the nineteenth century (that probably being the comet of 1811) or the most beautiful, which was Donati's of 1858, but its appearance was dramatic, and it interacted with the Earth in an almost unprecedented way.
		For a while the Earth was actually within the comet's tail, and the inhabitants of this planet had a brief but giddy view of streams of cometary material converging towards the distant nucleus.
	www.phenomena.org.uk /Cometof1861.htm (925 words)

	The Great Comet: 1811
		From Moscow to Munich, Havana to Halifax, Rome to Rio, the awesome light show -- which was the Great Comet of 1811 -- was considered a bad omen to some, a majestic sight by others.
		For centuries, comets were interpreted as signs of impending disaster.
		Despite the obvious fear of danger, the Great Comet of 1811 was an astronomer's dream.
	texan56.www1.50megs.com /COMET.html (414 words)

	Hail, Hale-Bopp, and Farewell (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Comets are notoriously unpredictable, as anyone remembering the flop of Comet Kohoutek back in 1974 can attest to, but apart from a brief lull in its rate of brightening late last summer, Hale-Bopp did nothing to let us down.
		When the comet reached perihelion, 39 members of the Heaven's Gate cult killed themselves believing that their souls would be transported to the spaceship they thought was trailing the comet, the worst mass suicide ever to occur on U.S. soil.
		Attention is paid to comet lore and superstitions over the centuries, how different societies viewed comets, and the inroads that science has made over the past few centuries in unlocking their true nature.
	home.earthlink.net /~tonyhoffman/hailhalebopp.htm (1660 words)

	Aktivitaet Online - Archive - General articles - 'Kohoutek-Kometenmelodie' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Before the comet's appearance it had been widely predicted that it would be the 'comet of the century' and put on a more dazzling nightly display than that provided by Halley's comet in 1910, perhaps even greater than the most spectacular example, from a century earlier, the great comet of 1811.
		In actual fact, the comet was a celebrated flop; it did not ignite into life anywhere near what was predicted, no doubt why it has passed into the depths of history as well as back into the depths of space.
		A newly discovered comet, Hale-Bopp, is setting records even now, it being the most distant comet ever found, and by the time it appears nearer to the sun in 1997, may even better 1811's great comet.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/aktivitaet/7_komet.htm (415 words)

	NAPOLEON AND NOSTRADAMUS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Comet crossed eastern Auriga and was visible at both dusk and dawn for several weeks.
		Comet faded rapidly as it moved toward the northeast, almost pacing the Sun.
		Great Yod is an astrological term for a triangle of bad luck or deep sadness and depression.
	www.nostradamus-puzzle.net /astroNapoleon.htm (1319 words)

	The Hale-Bopp Comet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		They both spotted the comet on separate locations (Hale was in New Mexico and Bopp, in Arizona) and the rest, they say, is history...
		This comet stirred the whole world as it is VERY bright, even visible before sunset and after dawn with the naked eye.
		Comet Hale-Bopp is visible to the naked eye in a record time of 19 months, beating the previous record-holder, The Great Comet of 1811 ( 9 months).
	www.xbetelguese.homestead.com /files/halebopp.html (285 words)

	Ragnarok: The Age of Fire and Gravel
		Padre Secchi, of Rome, observed, in Donati's comet, of 1858, from the 15th to the 22d of October, that the nucleus threw out intermittingly from itself appendages having the form of brilliant, coma-shaped masses of incandescent substance twisted violently backward.
		The very fact that these waves of motion run through the tail of the comet, and that it is capable of expanding and contracting on an immense scale, is conclusive proof that it is composed of small, adjustable particles.
		And it is to the comet we must look for the source of a great part of those vast deposits of gravel which go to constitute the Drift.
	www.gutenberg.org /dirs/etext04/ragna10h.htm (16223 words)

	The Great Comet
		This is one of the largest and brightest comets to swing past the earth since the 16th Century.
		Now a great comet has appeared in the sky that once again may be portending the future.
		The Hale-Bopp Comet orbits and is still approaching, the sun, with its closest approach (perihelion) occurring tomorrow night, April 1, 1997.
	users.rcn.com /virtual.nai/sot/j31.html (1041 words)

	Memorable Comets of the Past (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The following comets are some of the more interesting of the past.
		As I finish each of the four volumes new comets will be added to this section.
		In addition, I will be moving some of the more interesting comets of recent years to this section as well.
	cometography.com /past_comets.html (68 words)

	APOD: March 25, 1997 - Hale-Bopp Brightest Comet This Century (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		No comet has emitted or reflected this much light since possibly the Great Comet of 1811.
		However, since Comet Hale-Bopp is across the inner Solar System from us, it does not appear as bright as Comet West did in 1975.
		The Great Comet of 1996, Comet Hyakutake, was relatively dim but also appeared bright since it passed close to the Earth.
	www.sai.msu.su /apod/ap970325.html (143 words)

	Nicholas Roosevelt's 1811 Steamboat
		Nicholas Roosevelt (great uncle of President Theodore Roosevelt) built the steamboat New Orleans in Pittsburgh in 1810 and 1811, in association with Robert Fulton.
		The Great Comet of 1811, which was visible to the naked eye for months, was in full view for most of the trip.
		Indians, already excited by Tecumseh, apparently thought that the steamboat was the comet come to earth and caused the earthquakes, so they attacked the steamboat in war canoes, but could not keep up with it.
	www.myoutbox.net /nrhome.htm (564 words)

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