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Topic: Great Leap Forward

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	Great Leap Forward - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Great Leap Forward (Simplified Chinese: 大跃进; Traditional Chinese: 大躍進; pinyin: Dàyuèjìn) of the People's Republic of China was an economic and social plan to use China's vast population to rapidly transform mainland China from a primarily agrarian economy dominated by peasant farmers into a modern, industrialized communist society.
		Mao unveiled the Great Leap Forward at a meeting in January 1958 in Nanning.
		The initial impact of the Great Leap Forward was discussed at a Party congress in Lushan in July/August 1959.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Great_Leap_Forward (2976 words)

	::The Great Leap Forward::
		The Great Leap Forward was Mao’s attempt to modernise China’s economy so that by 1988, China would have an economy that rivalled America.
		Mao had introduced the Great Leap Forward with the phrase "it is possible to accomplish any task whatsoever." By the end of 1958, it seemed as if his claim was true.
		By 1959, it was obvious that the Great Leap Forward had been a failure and even Mao admitted this.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /great_leap_forward.htm (1142 words)

	The Great Leap Forward (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Indeed, the Mao-inspired left-wing of the CPC believed that the Great Leap Forward would have a dynamic impact on the standard of living of all Chinese in a process that is similar to the multiplier discussed in macroeconomics.
		Despite the apparent failure of the Great Leap Forward and the later failure of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution (henceforth referred to simply as the Cultural Revolution), the Maoist narrative of "permanent revolution," as embodied in the ideas of the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution, did not fail.
		During the worse period of the Great Leap Forward, the state took so much of the output of the communes that rural direct producers and their families were left without enough food to avoid malnutrition.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /courses/sgabriel/china4.htm (3638 words)

	Cultural Revolution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It was launched by Communist Party of China Chairman Mao Zedong on May 16, 1966 to regain control of the party after the disasters of the Great Leap Forward had led to a significant loss of his power to rivals such as Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping.
		Peng wrote that the Great Leap was plagued by mismanagement, and "petty-bourgeois fanaticism".
		Although Mao made repeated self-criticisms in speeches for the Great Leap and called for dismantling the communes in 1959, he did not want to surrender the overall evaluation that the Great Leap was 70% correct.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cultural_Revolution (7022 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Inside China's ruling party
		The "Great Leap Forward" was Mao's attempt to rapidly industrialise China's peasant economy.
		The Great Leap was announced in 1958, calling for a 19% increase in steel production in that year alone, and predicting a 33% increase in industrial output - targets which are now seen as absurd.
		The Great Leap led to muted criticism of Mao.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/shared/spl/hi/asia_pac/02/china_party_congress/china_ruling_party/key_people_events/html/great_leap_forward.stm (208 words)

	The Great Leap Forward
		At the center of the Great Leap Forward were the "people's communes." These communes were established in late 1958 by order of the central government in Beijing.
		Despite the failure of the Great Leap Forward and the later failure of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution (henceforth referred to simply as the Cultural Revolution), the Maoist narrative of "permanent revolution," as embodied in the ideas of the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution, did not fail.
		During the worst period of the Great Leap Forward, the state took so much of the output of the communes that rural direct producers and their families were left without enough food to avoid malnutrition.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /courses/sgabriel/economics/china-essays/4.html (4727 words)

	China the Great Leap Forward, 1958-60
		At the inception of the Great Leap Forward, the communes were intended to acquire all ownership rights over the productive assets of their subordinate units and to take over most of the planning and decision making for farm activities.
		During the Great Leap Forward, the industrial sector also was expected to discover and use slack labor and productive capacity to increase output beyond the levels previously considered feasible.
		The result of the Great Leap Forward was a severe economic crisis.
	www.country-studies.com /china/the-great-leap-forward,-1958-60.html (905 words)

	The Great Leap Forward Period in China, 1958-1960
		The more incidious consequence of the backyard blastfurnaces and other nonagricultural projects of the Great Leap Forward was that they took labor away from food production and led to a shortfall in food.
		Jasper Becker, in his history of the Great Leap Forward era Hungry Ghosts tells that an interviewee told him that the picture was faked.
		When Mao finally accepted the fact that the Great Leap Forward had failed he left the task of achieving an economic recovery to Liu Shaoqi, Deng Xiaoping and Zhou Enlai.
	www2.sjsu.edu /faculty/watkins/greatleap.htm (1500 words)

	Stefan Landsberger's Chinese Propaganda Poster Pages--Great Leap Forward
		The Great Leap was not merely a bold economic project.
		To mobilize this willpower, the Great Leap Forward, obviously, was accompanied by a concerted propaganda effort, the depth and breadth of which had hitherto not been seen.
		Despite the indications that the Great Leap had failed to reach its objectives, the movement continued to be upheld.
	www.iisg.nl /~landsberger/glf.html (1144 words)

	Part 9: The Great Leap Forward
		The Great Leap Forward of 1958-59 was the first bold step by Mao to forge a more liberating road of socialist economic and social development.
		At the heart of the Great Leap Forward in the countryside was the movement to form communes.
		The Great Leap Forward put the emphasis on the rural areas in order to gradually close the gap between the city and countryside, and between workers and peasants.
	rwor.org /a/033/socialism-communism-better-capitalism-pt9.htm (1276 words)

	Book Review - Hungry Ghosts: Mao's Secret Famine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		It is this earlier Great Leap Forward campaign that is the theme of Jasper Becker's Hungry Ghosts: Mao's Secret Famine.
		That the Great Leap Forward resulted in a massive loss of human life has been known to experts in Chinese communism.
		China's industrial "leap" into the modern age was to be performed through the construction of steel-making furnaces in people's backyards.
	www.fff.org /freedom/0697f.asp (1221 words)

	China's Great Leap Forward
		Unlike the later Cultural Revolution, which is well known in the West, the Great Leap Forward has been less of a focus for research by Western scholars -- yet, according to Yang, it was one of the most influential periods of Chinese history.
		It was the pivotal event that led China to adopt reforms in rural areas after Mao's death in 1976, resulting in the dismantlement of the people's communes that the Chinese government had fervently advocated during the Great Leap Forward.
		The Great Leap Forward was begun in 1957 by Chairman Mao Zedong to bring the nation quickly into the forefront of economic development.
	chronicle.uchicago.edu /960314/china.shtml (1330 words)

	Great Leap Forward Encyclopedia Articles @ TheEntireWeb.com (The Entire Web) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		To achieve this Mao advocated that a further round of collectivisation modelled on the USSR's "Third Period" was necessary in the Chinese countryside where the existing collectives would be merged into huge People's communes.
		Mao used the conference to dismiss Peng from his post as Defence Minisiter and denounce both Peng (who came from a poor peasant family) and his supporters as bourgeoisie and launch a nationwide campaign against "right opportunism".
		The three years between 1959 and 1962 were known as the "Three Bitter Years" and the Three Years of Natural Disasters.
	theentireweb.com /encyclopedia/Great_Leap_Forward (2410 words)

	The Great Leap Forward
		The tone of the Great Leap Forward -- in written policies, in propaganda -- was also clearly one of righteousness and optimism.
		In the long term, it is uncertain whether the economic goals of the Great Leap could be reconciled with its ideological goals, and whether the economic and ideological utopia Mao promised was possible.
		However, the immediate and palpable objectives presented by the Great Leap reduced these problems by minimizing the possibility, at least initially, that any given member of the populous would choose to behave in any way other than that which was directed by the state.
	members.aol.com /secretslag/greatleapforward.html (630 words)

	China - The Great Leap Forward, 1958-60
		In 1958 the CCP launched the Great Leap Forward campaign under the new "General Line for Socialist Construction." The Great Leap Forward was aimed at accomplishing the economic and technical development of the country at a vastly faster pace and with greater results.
		The Great Leap Forward centered on a new socioeconomic and political system created in the countryside and in a few urban areas--the people's communes.
		Throughout 1959 efforts to modify the administration of the communes got under way; these were intended partly to restore some material incentives to the production brigades and teams, partly to decentralize control, and partly to house families that had been reunited as household units.
	countrystudies.us /china/26.htm (1116 words)

	People's Republic of China: II
		The shift to the left that the new "General Line" represented was brought on by a combination of domestic and external factors.
		Although evidence is sketchy, Mao's decision to embark on the Great Leap Forward was based in part on his uncertainty about the Soviet policy of economic, financial, and technical assistance to China.
		The Great Leap Forward was an economic failure.
	www-chaos.umd.edu /history/prc2.html (1398 words)

	HUNGRY GHOSTS
		Their cowardice condemned China's peasantry to two more years of misery and death before Mao grudgingly allowed some modification of the Great Leap program.
		Barely five years after the Great Leap ended, a vengeful Mao unleashed the next cycle of madness, the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution-intended, at least in part, to strike down those who Mao believed had undermined his grandiose plan.
		But they have said very little about the Great Leap Forward or the millions of anonymous peasants who bore the brunt of that disaster.
	www.lightparty.com /Misc/Starvation.html (660 words)

	BBC News \| Special Reports \| China's Communist Revolution
		In an attempt to break with the Russian model of Communism and to catch up with more advanced nations, Mao proposed that China should make a "great leap forward" into modernisation.
		But former farmers had no idea how to actually use the new factories and what was once fertile crop land went to waste on a disastrous scale.
		The Great Leap Forward was held responsible for famine in 1960 and 1961.
	news.bbc.co.uk /hi/english/static/special_report/1999/09/99/china_50/great.htm (132 words)

	Modern China: Communist China
		In order to achieve this, the planners of the Great Leap Forward recruited everyone in the country, no matter who they were, to participate in industrial production.
		The Great Leap Forward produced spectacular results in output; the quality, however, left much to be desired, as the government later admitted.
		The failure of the Great Leap Forward brought stinging criticism from Nikita Kruschchev in 1960.
	www.wsu.edu /~dee/MODCHINA/COMM2.HTM (2458 words)

	For another great leap forward
		The success of the first flights of SZ is already being regarded as the country's leap into the exclusive club of the big two.
		FOR embarking on the ambitious space missions that the policymakers envisage for the 21st century, the development of a high lift launch vehicle is being accorded a great deal of importance and thrust.
		While one might be tempted to say that how the programme evolves needs to be watched, history also bears evidence to the fact that the Chinese possess the political will and technological skill to find their own way into deep space.
	www.hindu.com /fline/fl2021/stories/20031024003711300.htm (3475 words)

	Gene Expression: The Dusk of Human Culture?
		But, the book is also an argument for the genetic basis of the "Great Leap Forward" (GLF), that is, that about 50,000 years ago modern humans underwent a major qualitative change in character which underwrote both their range expansion out of Africa and their cultural creativity.
		Though they might teach their children literacy it seems plausible that the complex information rich suite of modern society would be severely attenuated, and barring recontact the descendents of the moderns might resemble another hunter-gatherer group with legends of great days past.
		If the culture of the GLF was purely learned and markers for symbolic thought were cultural innovations rather than rooted in a genetic change, doesn't it seem likely that the Tasmanians would be the prime candidates to manifest a regression to a pre-modern (that is, pre-50,000 before present) way of life?
	www.gnxp.com /MT2/archives/003312.html (737 words)

	Leapfrog's Great Leap Forward
		For Jim Marggraff and his colleagues at toy maker LeapFrog, seven quick ticks on a stopwatch is all the time they have to win over the world's most discerning consumers: toddlers, grade-schoolers, and tweeners.
		Wearing a denim shirt and a purple tie bedecked with leaping green frogs (of course), Wood has the sparkling blue eyes and impish smile of a man who has not lost touch with his inner kid.
		Wood's upstart operation was now in a position to take that great leap forward.
	www.fastcompany.com /magazine/71/leapfrog.html (2980 words)

	Fitch's Great Leap Forward Famine Page - hctif
		One such is the great famine which accompanied China's "Great Leap Forward", around 1960.
		forward in the period 1956 to 1957, Bachman proposes a provocative
		famine was the Chinese Great Leap Forward famine of 1958-60.
	www.orbit6.com /crisf/misc/gr_leap.htm (2033 words)

	CD Baby: DONOVAN'S BRAIN: The Great Leap Forward
		Appropriately titled "The Great Leap Forward", the gravity of the new songs was strong enough to affect the album that proceeded it and the one that will follow.
		One of the first songs recorded for the album, "Nuro Psych Trail Head" is an invitation to the listener and the members of the band to prepare for the journey that lies ahead.
		Determined to resurrect the track for "Leap", new lyrics were written to tell the story of the departure of two members of Donovan's Brain.
	www.cdbaby.com /cd/donovansbrain (655 words)

	Simon World :: Great Leap Forward II
		Simon World :: Great Leap Forward II Great Leap Forward II It's official - China's director of statistics has decreed that China will grow at 8% for the next fifteen years, thereby allowing China and its population to arrive at the middle-income rank of countries globally.
		His department, known esoterically as the Calculation Department of National Economy of the National Bureau of Statistics, is in charge of making important pronouncements on the state of the nation.
		You are on the invidual archive page of Great Leap Forward II.
	simonworld.mu.nu /archives/134102.php (681 words)

	Great Leap Forward
		Leaders, institutions, and the origins of the Great Leap Forward.
		Privatization in China makes a great leap forward as UPS takes direct control of its international express operations.(Management......
		China's Road to Disaster, Mao, Central Politicians, and Provincial Leaders in the Unfolding of the Great Leap Forward 1955-1959.(Review)...
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/history/A0821672.html (255 words)

	Baseball Prospectus - The Great Leap Forward
		In 1877, which was the second year of the National League and therefore the first year that a team could improve their record, there were only six league teams, three of which improved by at least 20 EQW and three others that declined by 20 or more.
		Their great achievement was akin to the 1962 Mets transforming into the 2002 Mets, which might give you some appreciation for the quality of Casey's amazin' juggernaught.
		The frequency of great advancements appears to be accelerating as well, with seven teams improving by 20 EQA since 2000, and twelve in the past six years.
	www.baseballprospectus.com /article.php?articleid=1767&mode=print&nocache=1119159244 (3998 words)

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