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Topic: Great Mahele

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	Great Mahele - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The mahele was the Hawaiian land redistribution act proposed by King Kamehameha III in the 1830s and enacted in 1848.
		This was part of a sweeping set of modernizing social changes following the death of Kamehameha the Great, including the drafting of a constitution and a bill of rights.
		The most noted provision of the great mahele was the kuleana act (1850); under this provision, about 30,000 acres (120 km²) of land were set aside for distribution by the committee to 10,000 commoners.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Great_Mahele (218 words)

	Cultural History of Three Traditional Hawaiian Sites (Chapter 5)
		146] The Mahele was an agreement on the "separation and identification of the relative rights of the king, the chiefs, and the konohikis" with regard to the lands within the Hawaiian Islands.
		The third act of the Great Mahele, commonly known as the Kuleana Act of 1850, enabled the Land Commission to award small parcels of land to commoners for subsistence purposes.
		The Great Mahele was followed by legislation that allowed the sale of lands in fee simple to resident aliens and authorized the award of kuleana to commoners.
	www.cr.nps.gov /history/online_books/kona/history5g.htm (1204 words)

	velvet-mahele (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		It took many months to complete this process, but the Mahele (division) book was usually known as the "Great Mahele".
		The Great Mahele did not solve all of the land problems.
		In conclusion, I think the Great Mahele was a good idea for start on reforming the land system.
	www.hotspotshawaii.com /nalostuff/May96/GreatMahele.html (257 words)

	House of Kamehameha - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This article may contain Hawaiian words and proper names that omit or make improper use of ʻokina and kahakō in spelling, and may be unreliable for lexical reference as per standard Hawaiian English.
		Kamehameha the Great established his dynasty in 1810 upon unifying the islands of Hawai'i to become the Kingdom of Hawai'i.
		The House of Kamehameha, or the Kamehameha Dynasty, was the reigning family of the Kingdom of Hawai'i between the unification of the islands by Kamehameha the Great in 1810 and the death of Kamehameha V in 1872.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/House_of_Kamehameha (319 words)

	Hawaiian Kingdom - History of Land titles
		This minute subdivision of the land and the great multiplicity of local names bear witness to the dense population that must have existed in ancient times.
		But this "Mahele" did not of itself give the chiefs and landlords an allodial title, nor was the Government claim for commutation extinguished by it.
		The whole transaction was a severe test of their patriotism, and reflects great credit on that Hawaiian aristocracy which thus peacefully gave up a portion of its hereditary rights and privileges for the good of the nation.
	www.hawaiiankingdom.org /land-system.shtml (5406 words)

	Great Mahele - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The great mahele was the Hawaiian land redistribution act proposed by King Kamehameha III in the 1830s and enacted in 1845.
		The great mahele abolished the practicie of ahupua'a.
		This was an informal division of the islands into sectors, controlled by chiefs extending from the mountain to the ocean.
	www.voigi.com /mediawiki/index.php/Great_mahele (200 words)

	The other side of the Great Mahele - The Honolulu Advertiser - Hawaii's Newspaper
		A new book suggests that the Great Mahele was not the controversial land rip-off of common Hawaiians that many historians have painted it.
		The 28,000 acres that went to common Hawaiians in the Great Mahele was in garden plots worked by extended families.
		The mahele law stated that they could not claim land that was not being worked.
	the.honoluluadvertiser.com /article/2003/Nov/30/ln/ln51abob.html (499 words)

	Haleakala Times - Online Edition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Now, exactly 150 years after the Great Mahele, the defense of what appears to be on the surface an apparently minor Big Island trespassing case, on appeal before the Hawai'i Supreme Court in 1998, includes a dramatic reinterpretation of the Mahele which, if it prevails, has the potential to revolutionize Hawai'i again.
		Therefore, the Mahele's intent, according to Aluli, was to be a compromise between Hawaiian and American concepts of land.
		Shortly before the Mahele, the US Supreme Court heard the Amistad case, regarding African slaves who mutinied aboard their slave ship, killed some of the slavers, and were then apprehended in America.
	www.maui.net /~haltimes/vol5_98/frontpage1.html (3335 words)

	Mahele was not fair for tenants - The Honolulu Advertiser - Hawaii's Newspaper
		Yes, many of the Hawaiians who were successful in obtaining their kuleana during the Mahele subsequently lost them through underhanded means, but no, the original distribution was hardly as fair as Krauss concluded.
		Between Jan. 27 and March 7, 1848, the king and konohiki concluded their Mahele; and on the next day, March 8, the king divided his lands between the crown and government lands.
		Therefore, the original statute creating the Land Commission expired before the Mahele and subsequent Mahele between crown and government lands were completed.
	the.honoluluadvertiser.com /article/2003/Dec/11/op/op06a.html (423 words)

	navigation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The bill stated, "Kamehameha I was the founder of the kingdom, and to him belonged all the land from one end of the islands to the other." This gave the monarchy the foundation for giving away or selling land, often times to pay for their newly acquired debts.
		The Great Mahele redistributed three million acres (3/4 of all lands), and sought to replace the traditional feudal type system with a fee simple land tenure system.
		The Mahele sent 1,600,000 acres to the other chiefs, 1,500,000 acres were set aside for public lands to be used by the government, 1,000,000 acres were reserved as crown lands for the royal family, and only 30,000 acres were given to the rest of the Hawaiian commoners.
	www.brown.edu /Departments/AmCiv/Studentprojects/GISP10/week8/week8.htm (1609 words)

	Tidepool \| Voices
		The usually identified assets held by the government in the public trust, such as land, are too protected by laws and the alert eye of public interest watchdogs.
		What would be ideal is something of great potential value, which is tucked away in the proverbial cedar chest, and which none of the rest of the family knows of, or would miss.
		The Great Mahele refers to the process whereby Hawaiian land -- formally held by the King -- was divided (Mahele roughly means division), thus accelerating the transition from subsistence to a cash- and property-based economy.
	www.tidepool.org /voices/mahele.cfm (1273 words)

	B&M Service 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Thus, private property ownership began, with division of ahupua'a lands among the occupying ali'i, and small kuleana and other occupied parcels being made available to existing occupants who documented their traditional occupancy in an application to a commission established to implement the land distributions.
		This was attributable to a variety of factors, including the fact that probate of a decedent's property was a foreign concept thought to be unnecessary when possession of land passed effortlessly from one generation to the next -- often with succeeding generations having identical names to those of their ancestors.
		The Great Mahele occurred in close proximity to the discovery of gold in California and petroleum in Pennsylvania.
	www.mauiestatelaw.com /HIreal-prop.htm (1645 words)

	Hawaii Rainforest Foundation \| Hawaii History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		One of the main contenders was Kamehameha the Great, chief of the island of Hawaii.
		In 1845, the last son of Kamehameha the Great, Kamehameha III, moved the capital of the Kingdom of Hawaii from Maui to Honolulu.
		A great Hawaiian revivalist, he brought back the hula, reversing decades of missionary repression against the 'heathen dance,' and composed the national anthem, Hawaii Ponoi, which is now the state song.
	www.hawaiirainforest.org /hhistory.htm (1059 words)

	Hawaii (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The Great Mahele[?] (land division) was signed in Hawaii on March 7, 1848 and on March 18, 1874 Hawaii signed a treaty with the United States granting Americans exclusive trading rights.
		By degrees he fell to reposing such great confidence in me, as to there was an opportunity for a great amalgamation and monopoly of never occurred before in that or any other neighborhood.
		Those were the two little words, capital were got into the business, through a sleeping partner, sir, self or deputy, whenever he pleased, and examine the books,--and the tune of fifty per cent,--it appeared to him that that might be which would be worthy of his attention.
	www.explainthat.info /ha/hawaii.html (1215 words)

	Stearns, Glossary G
		Great Mahele [mä hAY lAY Hawaiian edict issued in 1848; imposed Western concept of property on Hawaiian land previously shared by Hawaiians; much of private property sold off to Western commercial interests by Hawaiian monarchy.
		great trek Movement of Boer settlers in Cape Colony of southern Africa to escape influence of British colonial government in 1834; led to settlement of regions north of Orange River and Natal.
		Great Wall Chinese defensive fortification intended to keep out the nomadic invaders from the north; initiated during Qin dynasty and reign of Shi Huangdi.
	occawlonline.pearsoned.com /bookbind/pubbooks/stearns_awl/medialib/glossary/gloss_G.html (1222 words)

	navigation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		1848: The Great Mahele- private property and with the idea of private property the development of the proletariat (a consciousness lacking before).
		Mahele (Division of Lands) divided the land among ali'i and maka'ai'nana.
		The land acquired during the Great Mahele was used as a foundation for the
	www.brown.edu /Departments/AmCiv/Studentprojects/GISP10/week2/week2.htm (1614 words)

	The Mahele - Hawaii History - Short Stories
		The Mahele allocated 23% of land in the Islands to the king (called crown lands); 40% comprised konohiki lands to be divided among 245 chiefs; and 37% was declared government lands, to be awarded to commoners who worked the land as active tenants.
		The Mahele was followed in 1850 by the Kuleana Act which established fee simple ownership of land.
		Once granted, a kuleana plot was entirely independent of the traditional ahupua'a in which it was situated and it could also be sold to parties with no historical ties to the area.
	www.hawaiihistory.com /index.cfm?fuseaction=ig.page&PageID=288 (284 words)

	SB443 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Until the Great Mahele of 1848 under King Kamehameha III, title to all lands subject to tenants rights, including coastal lands, were the sole property of Hawaiian alii.
		The Great Mahele (1848-1856) changed this by creating a western system of fee simple property ownership.
		In Ashford, the State of Hawaii successfully argued that traditional rights of public access existing under the monarch land tenure system, prior to the Great Mahele, extend to the present and include the right to traverse along the rocky shoreline to swim, fish, and seek other varieties of seafood.
	www.capitol.hawaii.gov /sessioncurrent/bills/SB443_.htm (1338 words)

	Hawaii History of the Big Island - C and H Properties
		The Great Mahele was contrary to the Hawaiian unit of land measure.
		The Hawaiian unit of measure was abolished by King Kauikeaouli with the Great Mahele, which formed the basis of the current unit of land measure today.
		Hawaiians dispossessed in the Great Mahele migrated to the larger towns seeking work; the agricultural and fishing traditions began to fade.
	www.chproperties.com /History.htm (2438 words)

	HAWAIIAN HISTORY BOOKS - Assasinations-JFK etals
		My paternal great great grandfather was married to one of Kamehameha II's/Liholiho's wives whose name was Pali.
		Great great grandfather, Antonio da Silveira aka's did question the jurisdiction in a documented court case on file at the First Circuit Court, Honolulu, Hawaii.
		The Morgan bankers are the same that takes care of Great Britains funds, along with the United States.
	myweb.ecomplanet.com /GORA8037/mycustompage0016.htm (1146 words)

	HB1020 HD3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Until the Great Mahele of 1848 under King Kamehameha III, title to all lands subject to tenants' rights, including coastal lands, belonged solely to Hawaiian ali`i.
		The Great Mahele (1848-1856) changed the existing situation by creating a Western system of fee simple property ownership.
		In Ashford, the State successfully argued that traditional rights of public access existing under the monarchal land tenure system, prior to the Great Mahele, extend to the present and include the right to traverse along the rocky shoreline to swim, fish, and seek other varieties of seafood.
	www.capitol.hawaii.gov /sessioncurrent/bills/hb1020_hd3_.htm (1558 words)

	Glossary - M
		The "Great Mahele" of 1848 changed Hawaii forever when the traditional common lands were broken up into privately owned plots.
		Great care was taken to protect the ali'i from having their mana defiled.
		Commoners were required to lie flat on the ground and cover their faces whenever a great ali'i approached.
	www.3rd1000.com /history3/explorers/cook/glossarym.htm (452 words)

	Hawaii Then and Now (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The Great Mahele opened the door for foreign ownership of Hawaii's lands, but other and equally great pressures were in effect before and after the loss of the land.
		Missionaries had been in the islands in force since the 1820's, and while they met with mixed success in the realm of salvation and were roundly disliked by the business community and many Hawaiians, they largely succeeded in driving much of Hawaiian culture -- the dancing and festivals in particular -- underground.
		Hawaiians disposessed in the Great Mahele migrated to the larger towns seeking work; the agricultural and fishing traditions began to fade.
	www.alohatimes.com /about_hawaii/nowandthen.htm (2862 words)

	Hawaii's History in 1848 - Hawaii History - 1848
		Book» Great Mahele: Hawaii's Land Division of 1848
		The painting is so large it requires 12 men to carry it from the wharf to the palace.
		"Great Mahele" conducted, dividing the land among the king, his chiefs and Hawaiian commoners.
	www.hawaiihistory.org /index.cfm?fuseaction=ig.page&year=1848 (332 words)

	Kahana: How the Land Was Lost by Robert H. Stauffer
		Focusing on kuleana (homestead land) in Kahana, Oahu, from 1846 to 1920, the author challenges commonly held views concerning the Great Mahele (Division) of 1846-1855 and its aftermath.
		This land grab is often thought to have begun with the Great Mahele and to have been quickly accomplished because of Hawaiians' ignorance of Western law and the sharp practices of Haole (white) capitalists.
		What the Great Mahele did create were separate land titles for two types of land (kuleana and ahupua`a) that were traditionally thought of as indivisible and interconnected, thus undermining an entire social system.
	www.booklineshawaii.com /book/bhh/82590X.html (383 words)

	HAWAIIAN HISTORY BOOKS - CONSPIRACIES - new book (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Great Britain and the United States appeared to have been in contact with each other over time.
		Note: The French had just “seized the Marquesas Islands and Tahiti, and in the long-range historical view it is believed that the policy in London was to preent French seizure of the Hawaiian Islands as well.
		Hawaiian land tenure was feudal, vested in the King and allotted by him to his chiefs and through them to the people, and it was revocable at will.” Then came the Great Mahele, the Land Division, with issues of ALLODIAL and FREEHOLD, less than ALLODIAL.
	myweb.ecomplanet.com /GORA8037/mycustompage0011.htm (545 words)

	Honolulu Star-Bulletin Editorial - Our Opinion /2005/03/01/
		VICTORIOUS in winning repeal of the city's mandatory conversion of condominium land to homeowners, leaseholders are seeking reversal of the state law aimed at forever ending Hawaii's concentration of land ownership.
		The Legislature should allow the second Great Mahele to proceed, helping more families acquire the land beneath their homes.
		While the equation gave Hawaiian commoners short shrift, much of the land was acquired by alien entrepreneurs such as James Campbell (sugar), John Parker (cattle), Charles Brewer (sugar) and Charles Reed Bishop, through marriage to Princess Bernice Pauahi, the state's largest landholder and last descendent of the Kamehameha line.
	starbulletin.com /2005/03/01/editorial/editorials.html (498 words)

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