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Topic: Great Mosque of Samarra

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	Islamic art and architecture. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The Great Mosque of Samarra is an important example of the Iraqi hypostyle, noted for its massive size and spectacular minaret.
		The great Mosque of Córdoba was begun in 785 and is famous for its rows of double-tiered arches.
		The great Byzantine church of Hagia Sophia, adapted for use as a mosque, greatly influenced Turkish architects.
	www.bartleby.com /65/is/Islamica.html (1419 words)

	Samarra
		Samarra is a trade centre of its region.
		While Samarra today is a modest regional centre, it was the capital of the Muslim world for 56 years in the 9th century, when the Abbasid caliphate was moved here from Baghdad.
		Samarra holds the tomb of two imams, the 10th, Ali al-Hadi and the 11th, Hassan al-Askari.
	i-cias.com /e.o/samarra.htm (603 words)

	Great Mosque of Samarra'
		The bombing of the al-Askari Mosque in Samarra began at 7 a.m.
		The Great Mosque of Samarra was built in 848-852 AD on an open plan principle, it is the largest mosque of Islam (748 x 512 ft).
		This mosque was built by al-Mu'tasim when he moved to Samarra at a time when it could no longer take in the large numbers of people, al-Mutawakil built another great mosque and enlarged its area to become the biggest mosque in the world.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/iraq/samarra-mosque.htm (854 words)

	Week VIII ASIAN RELIGIONS AND ART: ISLAM
		The interior of the Mosque at Cordoba is a vast space, 178 meters on the north-south axis and 125 meters on the east-west axis.
		The youngest of the world's great religions, Islam developed in Arabia in the sixth century A.D. The area had b een a frontier of the Roman Empire and was a land of independent nomadic tribes, a few outposts of trade and conflicting religious traditions.
		Mosques of all periods have one element in common - the marking of t he qibla, the direction to which Muslims must turn in prayer.
	www.pitt.edu /~asian/week-8/week-8.html (2621 words)

	The Mosque of al-Mutawakkil (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-12)
		The first mosque, built in 836, has now disappeared; it was replaced in 849-852 by a new mosque built on a grand scale, which for a long time was the largest mosque of the Islamic world.
		The mosque itself measures 239 x 156m, with 17 aisles in the prayer hall and a triple portico around the courtyard.
		The mosque is set in an outer enclosure measuring 374 x 443m.
	www.dur.ac.uk /derek.kennet/mosque.htm (240 words)

	©´¯`·-· IraqWho.com ·-·´¯`© - Your gateway to IRAQ
		The mosque minaret is the Malwiya (“the spiral”) that rises, 27
		Samarra was penetrated by a very long axial street called Al-Adham (‘the greatest”), at the end of which, 22 kms away from the modern city, are the remnants of a large mosque still mostly extant.
		An old mosque popularly believed to be burial place of Jonah, as it is built on one of the mounds that rise over the ruins of Nineveh.
	www.iraqwho.com /Tourism_North_Religious.asp (524 words)

	History of the Shrine at Samarra
		A great cypress tree is celebrated in the Shah Nameh as having sprung from a branch brought by Zoroaster from Paradise.
		The mosque of the last Imam in Hilla marks the place of his expected reappearance, but the place of his disappearance is at Samarra.
		At Hilla, Ibn Batuta found that the mosque had an extended veil of silk stretched across its entrance, and it was a practice for the people "to come daily, armed to the number of a hundred, to the door of this mosque, bringing with them a beast saddled and bridled.
	www.al-islam.org /shrines/samarra.htm (1199 words)

	Samarra, Iraq
		Samarra, about 124 km north of Baghdad, is one of the four Islamic Holy Cities of Iraq, and is considered as the largest ancient city known in the whole World with its majestic ruins which extends about 9 km horizontally and 34 km vertically along the eastern bank of the Tigris.
		The Mosque's minaret is the famous Spiral (Al-Malweyya), which rises 27 m away from the northern side of the Mosque to a height of 52 m.
		Samarra was penetrated by a very long axial street called Al-Adham (the Greatest), at the end of which, 22 km away north of the modern city, are the remnants of a large mosque still mostly extant, with its beautiful courtyard and a small 19 m high spiral minaret.
	www.atlastours.net /iraq/samarra.html (765 words)

	Architecture of Cairo
		The furthest westerly evidence of the spread of the Abbasid imperial style in its decoration, its construction material, and its minaret, this mosque is perhaps the most serene structure in Cairo.
		It is distinguished by its brick piers with four engaged brick columns on the four sides (a combination of eastern and western influences), its angularly spiraling minaret, and its ziyadas, or open extensions which ring it on three sides and work as buffers between the streets' bustle and the religious space inside.
		Samarra was probably the prototype for this new settlement.
	web.mit.edu /4.615/www/handout03.htm (357 words)

	History of Art:Persian and Islamic Art
		The Great Mosque at Samarra, built in ad847, exhibits a design common to other religious constructions of the time: its large, open, central courtyard is surrounded by an arcade and a prayer hail, with many columns supporting the roof and divided into aisles.
		When Samarra, the seat of the early Abbasid caliphs, was abandoned, the court was permanently transferred to Baghdad, seat of power until the city was sacked and destroyed by the Mongols in 1258, ending the caliphate itself as an institution.
		As a rule, the mosque consists of a spacious courtyard surrounded on three sides by an arcade and on the fourth by the prayer hall that faces the direction of Mecca.
	www.all-art.org /history156-3.html (1669 words)

	Abdul Azeem's Site---Islamic Mosques and monuments in the world
		One of the principal mosques in Istanbul, Turkey, the Sultan Ahmed Mosque is also known as the Blue Mosque for the color of the tile-work and decorated interior.
		This mosque lamp from the early 14th century is an example of the kind of glasswork that had been produced in Islamic countries for 500 years.
		Because it was made for a mosque and because the Qur'an forbade representations of human and animal figures, the imagery is floral, with a large medallion design in the centre and an intricate border.
	www.geocities.com /a2b04/mosques.htm (777 words)

	Untitled Document
		It is a great hexagonal, central-planed structure, with a 25 meter in diameter, metal-sheathed, wooden dome raised 40 meters at from at its center.
		The mosque courtyard is usually given some sort of rational articulation trough surrounding arcades and by focusing decoration on the qibla side marking the axis of orientation toward the mihrab and Mecca.
		All that is necessary for a mosque to exist is a demarcation between the region of gathering and the area outside it, and an orientation of the area toward Mecca.
	www.public.iastate.edu /~tart/fall2003arth280website/earlyislamic.html (7650 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-12)
		The Islamic concept of a mosque as a place for ablutions and prayer differs from the idea of a Christian church, and the desert climates in which Islam first became established required protection from sun, wind, and sand.
		The Great Mosque at Al Qayrawan in Tunisia was built in AD 670, but its well-preserved state today reflects construction of the period 817-902.
		The Great Mosque at C?doba in Spain covers 2.4 hectares (6 acres) and was built in several stages from 786 to 965.
	www.bergen.org /AAST/Projects/Engineering_Graphics/_EG2001/pedi_corporation/islam.html (643 words)

	IslamOnline - Iraq... The Aftermath (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-12)
		In addition to their role in education, mosques gradually took on other functions such as the lodging of students, who came from outside the city, and assisting students financially.
		Iraq has many well-known mosques – both old and new – such as the Sheikh Marouf Mosque, the Khafafin Mosque and the Mosque of Prophet Youniss – thought to be the burial place of the prophet Youniss (Johan).
		The mosque has 23 doors: five in the north corner, eight in each of the east and west corners, and two doors in the niche wall.
	www.islamonline.net /english/In_Depth/Iraq_Aftermath/2003/08/article_04.shtml (1017 words)

	Monuments of the Islamic World, Part II
		The Great Mosque, Xian, China -- The Great Mosque is one of the oldest and largest mosques in China.
		Mosque of Al Mutawakkil, Samarra, Iraq -- The Great Mosque of Samarra, or the Mosque of al-Mutawakkil was founded by caliph al-Mutawakkil (847-61) and is said to be the largest mosque in Islam (240 by 156 m).
		It is located in Samarra, Iraq and the mosque is sometimes referred to as The Spiral or Al-Malwieyya Mosque for its famous spiraling, free-standing minaret.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/islam_in_the_us/35171/2 (446 words)

	Oldest Human History Is at Risk
		It is home to some of the earliest surviving examples of Islamic architecture — the Great Mosque at Samarra and the desert palace of Ukhaidar — and it is also a magnet for religious pilgrimage.
		Built on the banks of the Euphrates, it was the capital to Hammurabi, Nebuchadnezzar and Alexander the Great.
		The ruins of the ninth-century Great Mosque of Mutawakkil, one of the largest ever built, lies outside the modern city, its intact spiral minaret an icon of Islamic art.
	www.islamawareness.net /MiddleEast/Iraq/oldest.html (880 words)

	Qairawan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-12)
		Some of the largest mosques in the world were built during the 'Abbasid period.
		The walls and minaret of the Great Mosque are still standing today, although the interior has collapsed.
		The Great Mosques at Samarra and Qairawan are referred to as 'hypostyle' mosques.
	users.telerama.com /~jdehullu/islam/abba_02.htm (193 words)

	[No title]
		The Caliph al-Mutawwakil Mosque of 784x512 feet was by far the largest mosque in the world for centuries.
		The mosque was isolated from the city by a ziyada (a surrounding enclosure encircling the courtyard walls).
		The character of the courtyard was dramatically transformed from an expansive, monotonous, usually open-to-sky space, to an awesome enclosure, calling attention to the splendid decoration endowed on the portals, and instilling an appropriate feeling of reverence when entering the confines of the hallowed space.
	www.business-standard.com /general/storypage.php?&autono=265174 (697 words)

	The tentative list of Irak
		Directly to the east of the Caliph's palace is the Great Mosque of Samarra with its famous spiral minaret (the Malwiyya), which may have been influenced by earlier Mesopotamian ziggurats.
		Some of these reliefs, together with the great archives of Cuneiform tablets, which constituted the two libraries of Sennacherib and his grandson Assurbanipal, were transferred to the Louvre and the British Museum during the 19th century.
		The devastation brought by the Mongols in the thirteenth century, and by Timur in the fourteenth, hastened the decline of a city that was no longer on the main trade routes due to a change in the course of the Tigris.
	whc.unesco.org /news/news_170203_tentiv_irak.htm (1500 words)

	.:Holy Samarra:.
		In a gesture of goodwill, Iraqi Sunnis in the northern city of Samarra are working tirelessly to rebuild the Golden Mosque, one of the holiest Shiite shrines which was devastated in an odious explosion last week.
		The attack against the mausoleums of Imams al-Hadi and al-Askari of Samarra is aimed to fail the process of democratization and reconstruction in Iraq and to cause inter-confessional violence," he said in a statement.
		Samarra is the buried tomb of tow Imams, namely Imam Hadi and his son the twelfth Imam, Imam Askari, the father of Imam Mahdi whose saviour of Islam's future.
	holysamarra.blogspot.com (4126 words)

	Correction Omniangels Middle East Samarra
		The ancient pre-Islamic settlement at Samarra was one of the largest cities of Mesopotamian.
		Afterwards Samarra began a lengthy period of deteriorating influence that was further exacerbated when the Tigris river changed its course in the thirteenth century.
		Samarra regained some of its influence, as well as, an increase in its populace in the twentieth century when a dam built to prevent the repeated downstream inundations of Baghdad created a lake by Samarra.
	www.blessingscornucopia.com /Angels_Angelic_Orders_Correction_Omniangels_Middle_East_Samarra.htm (567 words)

	Postchi Farsi Email Service
		Built on an open plan principle, this is the largest mosque of Islam (748 x 512 ft).
		These wall paintings were found in the reception rooms of bourgeois houses and in the non-public parts of palaces, especially the harem quarters, where no religious function took place.
		The pictorial art (miniatures) in the final period before the destruction of the caliphate is found mainly in manuscripts illustrating either scientific or literary works and was mainly restricted to Iraq.
	www.postchi.com /main/Iran/History/English/abbasid.php (812 words)

	Iraq slips towards civil war after attack on Shia shrine \| Special reports \| Guardian Unlimited
		The attack on the mosque in the mainly Sunni town of Samarra, 60 miles north of Baghdad, occurred shortly after dawn, when up to 10 gunmen dressed as police commandos burst into the compound, tied up the guards and triggered a series of explosions that brought the golden dome crashing to the ground.
		Protests in Samarra were repeated and magnified in the Shia heartlands of Baghdad and cities throughout the south.
		For the past 100 years the 72,000 golden tiles that form the mosque's famous dome have shone out across the rooftops of Samarra, attracting pilgrims from afar to the shrines of Imam Ali al-Hadi and his son, Imam Hassan al-Askari.
	www.guardian.co.uk /Iraq/Story/0,,1715873,00.html (1082 words)

	Iraqi blast damages Shia shrine
		The shrine is one of two tombs in Samarra for revered Shia imams, which attract pilgrims from around the world.
		Samarra is mainly a Sunni Muslim stronghold and has been a focus of the armed insurgency against US troops and the Shia-dominated Iraqi administration.
		The spiral minaret on top of one of the city's other holy sites, the Sunni Great Mosque of Samarra, was damaged in April 2003.
	www.prisonplanet.com /articles/february2006/220206_b_shrine.htm (515 words)

	The Architecture of Cairo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-12)
		It is the largest mosque in Islam (240 by 156 m).
		the famous spiralling, free-standing minaret of the Great Mosque of Samarra.
		A style that tended towards the abstraction of vegetal motifs that belonged to the decorative vocabulary of Antiquity.
	web.mit.edu /4.615/www/printouts/handout3.html (385 words)

	Islamic art and architecture - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-12)
		It has mosaics depicting scrolling vines and flowers, jewels, and crowns in greens, blues, and gold.
		Similar in some aspects is the later Great Mosque of Damascus (built c.705-14) which was built by Al Walid over what was originally a Roman temple.
		Mamluk carpets were renowned for their designs of great complexity and their asymmetrical knots.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-islamica.html (1600 words)

	Iraq
		There is the Mother of All Battles Mosque, with its minarets in the form of Scud missiles and its Koran written in Saddam's blood (28 litres, donated over two years).
		There is the Al-Rahman mosque with no fewer than 14 domes, and the Saddam the Great Mosque, still only a set of giant skeletal columns.
		Homage is paid at the Martyrs' Monument, an immense turquoise egg split open and sitting in the middle of a manmade lake, and at the tomb of the Unknown Soldier.
	www.angelfire.com /ca/na7ool/Iraq.html (1925 words)

	Cairo: Ibn Tulun Mosque
		The mosque of Ibn Tulun is not only the oldest surviving mosque structure of Cairo, it is also unique and one of the city's most distinct ones.
		It was built in 876 by a Syrian Christian, something which lead to a great number of designs and motifs from Coptic churches.
		In 905, only 24 years afters its completion, the Egyptian ruling dynasty that had commanded the mosque's construction, was removed from power by the Abbasids of Baghdad.
	www.lexicorient.com /egypt/cairo11.htm (344 words)

	Blank page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-12)
		Ironically captured in the same picture is the 1,200-year-old spiral minaret known as Melwiya located at the Great Mosque of Samarra.
		If you look closely behind the tail end of the helicopter, you can see the top and bottom of the spiral column that reaches some 170 feet into the sky.
		Samarra's rich history dates back to early 800 A.D. when it was founded to house a military force of more than 50,000 soldiers.
	home.earthlink.net /~longbowlog1/id18.html (493 words)

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