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Topic: Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution

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	The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution (GPCR) had been unleashed by Mao Tsetung himself, but it was never the orchestrated political demonstrations serving "palace intrigue" that the imperialists and reactionaries try to claim.
		Great works of art were produced in which heroic images of workers and peasants occupied the stage previously dominated by portrayals of the reactionary classes.
		The achievements of the GPCR were so profound that a large number of scholars, experts in different fields and personalities from countries all over the world were won to respect and admire the achievements of the Cultural Revolution and spread the news of it.
	www.awtw.org /back_issues/1996-22/gpcr_22_eng.htm (1629 words)

	Cultural Revolution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Though Mao himself officially declared the Cultural Revolution to have ended in 1969, the term is today widely used to also include the period between 1969 and the arrest of the Gang of Four in 1976.
		This dating of the Cultural Revolution is significant and represented a victory for supporters of Deng Xiaoping as it allowed them to portray all of the events between 1966 and 1976 as a single movement under the leadership of the Gang of Four.
		These contradictory views of the Cultural Revolution were put into sharp relief during the Tiananmen Protests of 1989 when both the demonstrators and the government justified their actions as being necessary to avoid another Cultural Revolution.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cultural_Revolution (6895 words)

	Cultural Revolution Overview - China 1972 Image Database (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The origins of the Cultural Revolution can be traced to the mid–1950s when Mao first became seriously concerned about the path that China's socialist transition had taken in the years since the CCP had come to power in 1949.
		The Cultural Revolution was also a power struggle in which Mao fought to recapture from his political rivals some of the authority and prestige that he had lost as a result of earlier policy failures.
		The Cultural Revolution is now referred to in China as the “decade of chaos” and is generally regarded as one of the bleakest periods in the country's modern history.
	www.wellesley.edu /Polisci/wj/China1972/brief-intro.html (827 words)

	Cultural Revolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Though officially declared by Mao to be ended in 1969, most scholars consider the Cultural Revolution to have lasted until the arrest of the Gang of Four in 1976.
		This dating of the Cultural Revolution is significant and represented a victory for supporters of Deng Xiaoping as it allowed them to portray all of the events between 1966 and 1976 as a single movement under the leadership of the leftist Gang of Four.
		Today the Cultural Revolution is seen by most people both inside and outside of China as an unmitigated disaster and as an event to be avoided in the future.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/c/cu/cultural_revolution.html (4569 words)

	People's Republic of China: III
		Considerable intraparty opposition to the Cultural Revolution was evident.
		Millions of Red Guards were encouraged by the Cultural Revolution group to become a "shock force" and to "bombard" with criticism both the regular party headquarters in Beijing and those at the regional and provincial levels.
		The activist phase of the Cultural Revolution--considered to be the first in a series of cultural revolutions--was brought to an end in April 1969.
	www-chaos.umd.edu /history/prc3.html (2489 words)

	Róbinson Rojas.- China. DECISION CONCERNING THE GREAT PROLETARIAN CULTURAL REVOLUTION .-RRojas Databank: Analysis and ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		In such a great revolutionary movement, it is hardly avoidable that they should show shortcomings of one kind or another; however, their general revolutionary orientation has been correct from the beginning.
		THE ARMED FORCES In the armed forces, the cultural revolution and the socialist education movement should be carried out in accordance with the instructions of the Military Commission of the Central Committee of the Party and the General Political Department of the People's Liberation Army.
		The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution is bound to achieve brilliant victory under the leadership of the Central Committee of the Party headed by Comrade Mao Tse-tung.
	www.rrojasdatabank.org /16points.htm (3071 words)

	REPORT TO THE NINTH NATIONAL CONGRESS OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF CHINA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution is a great political revolution personally initiated and led by our great leader Chairman Mao under the conditions of the dictatorship of the proletariat, a great revolution in the realm of the superstructure.
		As in all other revolutions, the fundamental question in the current great revolution in the realm of the superstructure is the question of political power, the question of which class holds leadership.
		This great revolution teaches us: Under the dictatorship of the proletariat, we must educate the masses of Party members on classes, on class struggle, on the struggle between the two lines and on continuing the revolution.
	cpiml.s4u.org /liberation/mao/linreport.htm (10366 words)

	Morning Sun \| Living the Revolution \| Education
		The "Decision of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party Concerning the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution" stated: "In the great proletarian cultural revolution a most important task is to transform the old educational system and the old principles and methods of teaching." A tremendous revolution in education is developing throughout the country.
		In the unprecedented great cultural revolution, the revolutionary teachers and students of Tungchi University in Shanghai, holding high the great red banner of Mao Tse-tung's thought, rebelled against the handful of Party persons in authority taking the capitalist road and seized leadership of the University.
		Prior to the cultural revolution, it was controlled by a handful of capitalist roaders who enforced a counter-revolutionary revisionist line.
	www.morningsun.org /living/education/cp_educational_revolution.html (1963 words)

	Cultural life (from Tanzania) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Olduvai Gorge, in the Great Rift Valley, is the site of the discovery of some of the earliest known remains of human ancestry, dating back 1,750,000 years.
		The subject may be viewed unilinearly, tracing the evolution of humankind as a whole; or it may be viewed multilinearly, treating the evolution of each culture or society (or of given parts of a culture or society) individually.
		Cultural evolution was an important concept in the...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-37584 (913 words)

	Mao: The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution
		One can find both positive and negative assessments of the Great Proletarian Revolution, but all agree that it was a time of great turmoil in China with many conflicting groups of the Red Guards and many public officials run out of office.
		Leaving aside the question of how the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution affected the development of socialism in China, it must be said that perceptions of the Chinese cultural revolution inspired many young revolutionaries in the West during the 60's and 70's.
		If we insist that conflict be distinguished from violence, then we may consider Mao's call for a cultural revolution to support that of Lenin who considered it "radical modification in our whole outlook on socialism." Such a cultural revolution may be taken up again as part of the revolutionary strategy for the 21st Century.
	sfr-21.org /gpcr.html (578 words)

	Cultural Revolution, Great Proletarian. The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Third Edition. 2002
		A movement in China, beginning in the mid-1960s and led by Mao Zedong, to restore the vitality of communism in China.
		Mao, who gave the Cultural Revolution its name, sought to dismantle the complex governmental structure that had developed after the Chinese Revolution of the 1940s.
		During the Cultural Revolution, many government officials and intellectuals were sent out to work in the fields alongside the peasants.
	www.bartleby.com /59/10/culturalrevo.html (192 words)

	The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution (from China) -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia
		It was proletarian because it was a revolution of the workers against party officials.
		It was cultural because it meant to alter the values of society in the Communist sense.
		The term is used by analogy in such expressions as the Industrial Revolution, where it refers to a radical and profound change in economic relationships and technological conditions.
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article?tocId=195712 (918 words)

	The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution & the Reversal of Worker's Power in China
		The accepted view among Marxist-Leninists is that the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution (GCPR) was a struggle of the masses, led by Chairman Mao, to defeat the bourgeois rightists within the Party and thereby prevent their influence from growing to the point where they could reverse the proletarian dictatorship.
		The official documents of the GPCR state that 95% of the cadre are revolutionary, that only a "small handful of capitalist-roaders" have "wormed their way" into the party and that even leading cadres who have made serious mistakes can be re-educated by the masses and allowed to remain in their posts.
		Thus the GPCR is seen as a struggle between the Left, led by the proletarian headquarters of Mao, Lin Piao, Chou En-lai et.
	www.plp.org /pl_magazine/gpcr.html (17053 words)

	Cultural Revolution - China History - China
		This dating of the Cultural Revolution is significant and represented a victory for supporters of Deng Xiaoping as it allowed them to portray all of the events between 1966 and 1976 as a single movement under the leadership of the Maoist Gang of Four (China)Gang of Four.
		Today the Cultural Revolution is seen by most people inside and outside of China, including the Communist Party of China and Chinese democracy movement supporters, as an unmitigated disaster and as an event to be avoided in the future.
		These contradictory views of the Cultural Revolution were put into sharp relief during the Tiananmen Protests of 1989 when both the demonstrators and the government justified their actions as being necessary to avoid another Cultural Revolution.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Cultural_Revolution (6148 words)

	The Great Cultural Revolution in China, 1966-1976
		After the catastrophic failures of the Great Leap Forward Mao Zedong withdrew from active rule and left Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai and Deng Xiaoping to guide the economy to recovery.
		Mao launched the Cultural Revolution in August of 1966 at a Plenum of the Central Committee when he called for Red Guards to challenge Communist Party officials for their bourgeoisness and lack of revolutionary zeal.
		Defense Minister Lin Biao ordered the military to support the Cultural Revolution but disorder was emerging as different factions of the Red Guard and other radical movements fought each other for control of areas.
	www.sjsu.edu /faculty/watkins/cultrev.htm (2054 words)

	Glossary of Events: Cu
		The “Cultural Revolution” was aimed at smashing the Chinese Communist Party, and re-building an administration owing allegiance to Mao alone.
		To this end, Mao appealed to the loyalty of the youth to the Revolution, and taught the youth to regard all manifestations of culture as bourgeois and counter-revolutionary.
		In the second phase of the Cultural Revolution, the atomised and terrorised population was mobilised against the Party.
	www.marxists.org /glossary/events/c/u.htm (837 words)

	Scott Simon, May 20: A Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution
		It is significant that he casts culture in the plural, validating the colourful diversity of Taiwan’s nine indigenous tribes, as well as Holo, Hakka, and mainland Chinese cultures.
		But he has declared the cultural independence of Formosa; and that message is likely to be well received by his constituents.
		That is democracy in a pluralistic country; and that is what a cultural revolution should be about.
	www.hartford-hwp.com /archives/55/527.html (993 words)

	Cultural Revolution Summary
		The Chinese Cultural Revolution (CR), the full title of which was the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, was the largest and most important of the ideological campaigns of Mao Zedong (1893–1976).
		Cultural Revolution (n : a radical reform in China initiated by Mao Zedong in.):
		Cultural Revolution: A poster during the Cultural Revolution.
	www.bookrags.com /Cultural_Revolution (195 words)

	The Manila Times Internet Edition \| OPINION > China’s Cultural Revolution—a decade of terror and violence
		The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, now known as “10 years of catastrophe,” was to unravel into a disaster that claimed millions of lives and pushed China to the brink of economic and social collapse.
		Mao’s appeal to young radicals to “bombard the headquarters” in August 1966, unleashed a tidal wave of political persecution and violence, with that month coming to be known as “Red August” because of all the blood that was spilt.
		The end of the Cultural Revolution came just weeks after Mao’s death in September 1976, when his immediate successor, Hua Guofeng, with the support of the party’s Politburo, ordered the arrest of the powerful Gang of Four.
	www.manilatimes.net /national/2006/may/15/yehey/opinion/20060515opi7.html (712 words)

	Morris and Helen Belkin Art Gallery: Past Exhibitions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		This politically motivated campaign would profoundly affect all aspects of Chinese life and society, not just for the ten years 1966 –; 1976, but to the present, as the formative life experience for a generation of Chinese writers and artists.
		The situation is now beginning to change, with more Western scholars taking an interest in 20th century Chinese art and culture, including popular culture, and more cosmopolitan Chinese artists, art critics, and historians able to use new methodologies to explore the art and literature of the Cultural Revolution.
		Contemporary Chinese scholars, many of the generation who grew up during the Cultural Revolution, see the recovery of historical memory as an urgent and necessary task.
	www.belkin-gallery.ubc.ca /webpage/pastex/cult.html (354 words)

	the project
		And, finally, it includes several component parts, the main one being a multimedia exhibition of posters and ephemera of the Cultural Revolution era (1966-1976), during which recordings of songs that were popular during the era will be shown and film footage from the time will be shown.
		The Cultural Revolution may often be seen, for good reason, as an aberrant period in Chinese history.
		But close scrutiny of the posters and other forms of cultural production reveal that there are continuities worthy of attention that connect this chaotic decade to the events that came before and after it.
	www.indiana.edu /~easc/exhibit/project.html (1179 words)

	Turkish Maoists: Partizan www.partizan.org
		was founded by I. Kaypakkaya and a group of comrades in April 1972, as a result of the Paris Commune, Great October Revolution, New Democratic Revolution in China and Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution and the guidance of Marxism-Leninism-Maois science entered the class struggle specific to Turkey and Turkish Kurdistan.
		Inspired by the Paris Commune, Great October Revolution of 1917, Chinese Democratic Revolution of 1949 and Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, he was the first to form a communist party in the form of MLM.
		Kaypakkaya was a very rarely seen, undaunted student of Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalin and chairman Mao, the universal masters of the international proletariat and the most decisive and unwavering follower of the Great Proletariat Cultural Revolution which expresses the highest point reached in the history of world proletarian revolutions.
	www.etext.org /Politics/MIM/countries/turkey/ikaybiog.html (862 words)

	LAWSO 160 Keywords: China- Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution (51)
		The Cultural Revolution, which lasted until the mid-1970's, was spurred in part by Mao's previous misdirected policies as well as his love of revolution for its own sake.
		The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution was a struggle against the bourgeois, with the goal of developing numerous missing ideals.
		Despite Chinese faith, the Cultural Revolution had a disastrous effect on the educational systems and the scientific community within China; an effect felt well into the 80's.
	home.earthlink.net /~garrickl/KEY_51.htm (453 words)

	Mao Zedong Biography - Biography.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Leader and leading theorist of the Chinese communist revolution, born in the village of Shaoshan, Hunan Province, SEC China, the son of a farmer.
		His claim to share in the government led to civil war; the regime of Jiang Jieshi was ousted from the Chinese mainland; and the new People's Republic of China was proclaimed (1949) with Mao as both Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party and President of the Republic.
		He followed the Soviet model of economic development and social change until 1958, then broke with the USSR and launched his Great Leap Forward, which encouraged the establishment of rural industry and the use of surplus rural labour to create a new infrastructure for agriculture.
	www.biography.com /search/article.do?id=9398142 (354 words)

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