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Topic: Great Pyramid of Tenochtitlan

	ART 347L--Tenochtitlan
		According to myth, the great Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan was founded at the place where one of Huitzilopochtli's priests saw an eagle perched upon a large nopal cactus.
		Tenochtitlan was built on an island in ancient Lake Texcoco and was connected to the mainland by three long causeways.
		Although the great majority of indigenous documents were systematically destroyed by the Spanish after their arrival, a series of indigenous histories, maps, genealogies, and religious documents exist that date to the time of the Conquest or the years immediately following it.
	www.utexas.edu /cofa/a_ah/dir/precol/tenochtitlan.htm (1210 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Great Pyramid of Giza (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Traditionally, the architect of the pyramid was HemInwo, a relative of Khufu.
		The Great Pyramid is the oldest and largest of the three pyramids in the Giza Necropolis adjacent to the outskirts of modern Cairo, Egypt.
		The pyramid was constructed of cut and dressed blocks of limestone, basalt or granite, weighing two to four tonnes on average, with stones in the interior weighing as much as 80 tonnes.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Great_Pyramid_of_Giza (1976 words)

	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> Aztec (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Veneration of Huitzilopochtli (literally, "hummingbird of the south"), the personification of the sun and of war, was central to the religious, social and political practices of the Mexica.
		Tenochtitlan was built according to a fixed plan and centered on the ritual precinct, where the Great Pyramid of Tenochtitlan rose 60 m above the city.
		Matos Moctezuma, Eduardo (1988) The Great Temple of the Aztecs.
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/Aztec (5646 words)

	Tenochtitlan
		At first, Tenochtitlan’s position was on two islands, yet over short periods of time it extended to the lake circling it by way of building docks attached to the isles by peers, and building settlements on these docks over Lake Texcoco.
		The inhabitants of Tenochtitlan used irrigation to grow crops throughout the year and made "floating gardens" by filling shallow areas of the lake and anchoring the soil with trees (Mayor 1).
		Tenochtitlan was probably one of, if not the best designed city in the world, and the center of the city proved this true.
	www.ccds.charlotte.nc.us /History/Americas/04/blue/blue.htm (972 words)

	Mexico - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Contemporary with Teotihuacan's greatness was the greatness of the Maya civilization.
		By 1519, the Mexica (Aztec) capital, Tenochtitlan, was the largest city in the world with a population of around 350,000 (although some estimates range as high as 500,000).
		There is a great economic polarization between the rich and the poor which has greatly contributed to the high crime rates in some parts of the country.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mexico (8793 words)

	FAMSI - John Pohl's Mesoamerica - The Aztecs pg. 1
		Early scholars began to examine documents for clues to the appearance of the Great Temple.
		Other historical sources described the Great Temple as having two chambers: the one to the north dedicated to the ancient Toltec storm-god Tlaloc, and the other to the south dedicated to the Chichimec hero Huitzilopochtli.
		Diagram of the excavations of the Great Temple.
	www.famsi.org /research/pohl/pohl_aztec2.html (785 words)

	Tenochtitlan \| Thematic Essay \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The foundations of several enlargements of the pyramid are visible; the dual temple of the sanctuary, probably dating from the end of the fourteenth century, is located under the white protective roof.
		Tenochtitlan was a city of great wealth, obtained through the spoils of tribute from conquered regions.
		The Great Temple of the Aztecs of Tenochtitlan.
	www.metmuseum.org /TOAH/hd/teno_1/hd_teno_1.htm (616 words)

	Aztec Gods and Goddesses - Crystalinks
		His temple (next to that of Tlaloc) on the Main Pyramid was the focus of fearsome sacrifices of prisoners captured by Aztec warriors.
		As the power of Tenochtitlan grew his image was incorporated into the new lands and regions coming under Mexica control and he assumed new prominence and attributes even to the point of usurping the more traditional sun god, Tonatiuh.
		His main temple in the great temple of Tenochtitlan, (the Temple Mayor), was set alongside Tlaloc, god of rain, the symbolism of these two deities elevated above all others was a reflection of the economic status of the Mexica empire, (agriculture and war-tribute).
	www.crystalinks.com /aztecgods.html (5094 words)

	History of MEXICO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Pyramids, an astronomical observatory and other cult buildings and monuments (including America's earliest carved inscriptions) are ranged in a temple district along the top of a ridge.
		The inaccessibility of the great centres of Maya culture (of which the largest is Tikal) means that they outlast all rivals, surviving a succession of violent changes in the civilization of central Mexico.
		When the pyramid is enlarged in 1487, the ceremony of re-dedication involves so much bloodshed that the line of victims stretches far out of the city and the slaughter lasts four days.
	www.historyworld.net /wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=aa79 (1583 words)

	Articles - Aztec (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		For the reconsecration of Great Pyramid of Tenochtitlan in 1487, the Aztecs reported that they sacrificed about 84,400 prisoners over the course of four days, This would mean almost 15 per minute for 24 hours a day.
		Tenochtitlan itself had an estimated population of 80,000 to 120,000 in that time, with as many as 700,000 in the cities immediately surrounding Lake Texcoco.
		In the basement of the Great Temple there was the "house of the eagles", where in peacetime Aztec captains could drink a foaming chocolate, smoke good cigars, and have poetry contests.
	www.nullm.com /articles/Aztec (4908 words)

	Pyramids of Mesoamerica - Crystalinks
		The Mesoamerican region's largest pyramid by volume - indeed, the largest in the world by volume - is the Great Pyramid of Cholula, in the Mexican state of Puebla.
		The Great Pyramid of Cholula, the world's largest monument and largest Pre-Columbian pyramid by volume, is a huge complex located in Cholula, Puebla, Mexico.
		This is a grand temple atop a step pyramid dedicated in 692; inside is an elaborate, long hieroglyphic text carved in stone detailing the city's ruling dynasty and the exploits of Pacal the Great.
	www.crystalinks.com /pyramidmesoamerica.html (3186 words)

	Aztec - Enpsychlopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Tenochtitlan was built on an island in the middle of Lake Texcoco where modern-day Mexico City is located.
		The fall of Tenochtitlan usually is referred to as the main episode in the process of the conquest of Mesoamerica (Mexico).
		The first epidemic, an outbreak of smallpox (cocoliztli) occurred from 1520-1521 and decimated the population of Tenochtitlan and was decisive in the fall of the city.
	www.enpsychlopedia.com /psypsych/Aztec (6828 words)

	Man-made Subsidence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Tenochtitlan was, in effect, built on a giant chinampa in Lake Texcoco, and eventually neighboring islands such as Tlatelolco were annexed, given the same treatment, and amalgamated into Tenochtitlan by causeways built on lake mud.
		Tenochtitlan was as anomalous to the Spanish as Venice would have been: it had canals rather than streets; it had no easily accessible grazing for cattle, sheep, goats, or horses, and it provided no good ground for the style of building that the Spanish were used to live in.
		Although the great earthquakes of Western Mexico are often several hundred kilometers away from the Valley of Mexico, the shape of the valley and its deep load of soft sediment combine to generate shaking of much greater amplitude and duration than one would normally expect.
	www.geology.ucdavis.edu /~cowen/~GEL115/115CHXXsubsidence.html (5875 words)

	History of THE AZTECS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		This is a victory of great significance in the unfolding story, for the Tlaxcaltecs are in a state of permanent warfare with their dangerous neighbours.
		The destruction by the Spaniards of the great Inca empire in Peru, twelve years after the similar fate of the Aztecs, brings to an effective end nearly three millennia of indigenous civilization in America - though the Maya, hard to suppress in the Yucatan jungle, preserve for a while their own ways.
		Only the great pyramid mounds of their temples stand today as gaunt witnesses of a vivid past.
	www.historyworld.net /wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=aa12 (1458 words)

	Toltecs, Aztecs, Olmecs and Mayas, Panachel, Guatemala
		Photos include the pyramid sturctures as they are today, but it is the way they looked according to the great diggers and studiers of such things makes one understand how their could have been a belief system such as theirs.
		The pyramids are enormous, one being the third largest pyramid in the world (behind another site in Mexico and the biggest being in Egypt), and they were stuccoed and painted in respledent colors.
		The metropolitan Cathedral, built from stones of the great pyramid, si lopsided with a pendulum in the middle demonstrating how much the church ahs moved since it was finished in 1813.
	www.traveljournals.net /stories/1561.html (1489 words)

	The Mexica / Aztecs
		As a result, Tenochtitlan grew dramatically: not only did the city increase in size, precipitating the need for an aqueduct system to bring water from the mainland, it grew culturally as well as the Tenochcas assimilated the gods of the region into their religion.
		In its earliest history, Tenochtitlan was self-supporting; the village was small and agriculture was managed through the chinampa method of architecture, practiced widely throughout Mesoamerica.
		While there is a great deal of controversy over the precise nature of the capulli, it seems to be a transition point between kinship organization (the calpulli were kinship groups) and economic class (the calpulli specialized in particular crafts).
	www.wsu.edu /~dee/CIVAMRCA/AZTECS.HTM (2761 words)

	La Gran Tenochtitlan - Conquest of Mexico
		Tenochtitlan itself probably had a population of several hundred thousand, with another million or so in the cities in and around the lake.
		Great pyramids and palaces dominated the city's central precinct, and thousands of people visited the great market at Tlatelolco every day.
		The hub of a great military empire, Tenochtitlan was built in the middle of a lake.
	thedagger.com /archive/conquest/tenochtitlan.html (595 words)

	[No title]
		"All about us we saw cities and villages built in the water, their great towers and buildings of masonry rising out of it When I beheld the scenes around me I thought within myself, this was the garden of the world.
		An island city, five miles square, Tenochtitlan was surrounded by Lake Texcoco, one of the five lakes in the Valley of Mexico.
		And looming over it all, a great pyramid with blood-stained temples on the top.
	www.pbs.org /opb/conquistadors/mexico/adventure1/pop-tenochtitlan.htm (180 words)

	The Aztec Account of the Spanish Conquest of Mexico
		The great ritual centers at Teotihuacan and in the Mayan area began to decline in the eighth and ninth centuries and were eventually abandoned.
		Their prestige became so great that for the Aztecs the word "Toltec" was a synonym for "artist." The cultural achievements of the Toltecs spread far beyond their city at Tula; in fact their influence even reached down into Yucatan and Central America, where it can be clearly discerned in the Mayan religious center at Chichen-Itza.
		The ambassador returned in great agony, victim of an outrage that caused much horror and grief in the republic, because he was one of the worthiest and most handsome men of this land.
	ambergriscaye.com /pages/mayan/aztec.html (22016 words)

	PlanetPapers - Aztec Indians
		In the year that Tenochtitlan took all those prisoners, it took the priests one full week to put all the prisoners to death.
		It is said that the area around The great pyramid turned into a lake of blood and the piles of bodies were taller then the buildings.” (Jennings, Aztec, Pg.
		The Aztec empire is now gone, along with almost all of the excellent works that the culture created, the great lake, the center of the one world, and most of the Aztec monuments have been buried under the slums of what is now known as Mexico city.
	www.planetpapers.com /Assets/6148.php (1104 words)

	Tenochtitlan. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		It was a flourishing city (with an estimated population of between 200,000 and 300,000), connected with the mainland by three great causeways.
		These ran along massive dike constructions erected to prevent the salty floodwaters of the eastern lake from mingling with the freshwater surrounding the island city.
		The ceremonial precinct contained many structures, including a great pyramid sacred to the Aztec war god Huitzilopochtli.
	www.bartleby.com /65/te/Tenochti.html (283 words)

	PipelineNews.org - The RIGHT News...RIGHT Now
		His main temple in Tenochtitlan was a dark and mysterious place where the idol was kept behind a curtain with only special priests allowed to view and serve the image.
		As the leaders were returning, the great tree was felled and rafted out to the Pantitlan shrine, located in the center of the lake, where a great fleet of canoes met the returning leaders.
		The impersonator was then sacrificed, her blood poured into the water of the lake, jewelry given to the water of the lake, and the tree symbolically planted to indicate a renewal of life and growth.
	www.pipelinenews.org /index.cfm?page=buzzaztecmajor.htm (10055 words)

	Aztec Gods and Goddesses
		His temple (next to that of Tlaloc) on the Main Pyramid was the focus of fearsome sacrifices of prisoners captured by Aztec warriors.
		As the power of Tenochtitlan grew his image was incorporated into the new lands and regions coming under Mexica control and he assumed new prominence and attributes even to the point of usurping the more traditional sun god, Tonatiuh.
		His main temple in the great temple of Tenochtitlan, (the Temple Mayor), was set alongside Tlaloc, god of rain, the symbolism of these two deities elevated above all others was a reflection of the economic status of the Mexica empire, (agriculture and war-tribute).
	www.meta-religion.com /World_Religions/Ancient_religions/Central_america/aztec_gods_and_goddesses.htm (3320 words)

	America and Its Conquerors 1300-1615
		Tenochtitlan, an island in a lake, was founded in 1345 and Tlatelolco in 1358; the two cities became rivals.
		The pyramids of the Great Temple in Tenochtitlan were inaugurated in 1487 with four days of sacrifices that were reported by several sources to claim an unbelievable 80,400 lives.
		The spring that supplied Tenochtitlan with an aqueduct was blocked, leaving the city brackish water, which was later captured, and the polluted lake.
	www.san.beck.org /EC-America_and_Its_Conquerors_1300-1615.htm (20608 words)

	Tenochtitlan
		Founded on a cluster of small natural islands on the western side of Lake Texcoco in the Valley of Mexico, Tenochtitlan grew to become the largest and most powerful city in Mesoamerica, and at its height was one of the largest cities in the world.
		The Great Pyramid or Templo Mayor was the main temple of Tenochtitlan and was dedicated to Huitzilopochtli, the god of war and sun, and Tlaloc the god of rain and fertility.
		In the last stage, dating to the time of the arrival of the Spaniards, the pyramidal platform was composed of four sloped tiers with a passage between each level, built on a great platform that measured approximately 80 x 100 meters.
	www.ancientworlds.net /aw/Places/District/811813 (1133 words)

	Aztec Indains
		In the year that Tenochtitlan took all those prisoners, it took the priests one full week to put all the prisoners to death.
		It is said that the area around The great pyramid turned into a lake of blood and the piles of bodies were taller then the buildings.” (Jennings, Aztec, Pg.
		The Aztec empire is now gone, along with almost all of the excellent works that the culture created, the great lake, the center of the one world, and most of the Aztec monuments have been buried under the slums of what is now known as Mexico city.
	www.freeessays.cc /db/4/alx1.shtml (1131 words)

	Inside the Pyramids - World History lesson plan (grades 9-12) - DiscoverySchool.com
		Tell students that pyramids reveal much about the cultures of which they are a part, especially about the relationship between human beings and the gods.
		Explain to students that they will be comparing and contrasting pyramids from the Egyptians, the Maya, and the Aztecs as a way to better understand their societies.
		Context: The Great Pyramid is so carefully constructed that the ancient Greeks considered it one of the Seven Wonders of the World.
	school.discovery.com /lessonplans/programs/insidepyramids (722 words)

	Aztec Temple - Temple of Aztecs - Forgotten Wonders
		The Templo Mayor of Tenochtitlan was a dual pyramid with a double staircase that led to a single platform.
		There were about 78 structures related to this temple-including 25 pyramids, 5 speaking halls, the house of fasting, 4 bowls to hold the hearts of the sacrificed people and another structure for encasing the skulls of the sacrificed people.
		These temples looked a lot like the great Egyptian pyramids except instead of having a pointed top they had a flat top with two small sections where the sacrifices were held.
	www.allwondersoftheworld.com /forgotten-wonders/aztec-temple.html (640 words)

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