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Topic: Great Reform Act

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	Reform Act 1832 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Acts of Parliament of the Kingdom of England to 1640
		Acts of Parliament of the Kingdom of Scotland
		Acts of Parliament of the Kingdom of Ireland
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Reform_Act_1832 (2030 words)

	Reform Acts. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The system was very irregular and greatly restricted the franchise; it failed to take into account the great shifts of population and the growth of new social classes that attended the Industrial Revolution.
		Reform agitation, beginning to develop in the 1760s, was supported by William Pitt and others, but the emergency period of the French Revolution interrupted it.
		The Reform Act of 1884, passed during the administration of William Gladstone, removed the distinction between county and borough franchises and, by the reduction of rural qualifications, added about 2,000,000 more men to the electorate.
	www.bartleby.com /65/re/ReformAc.html (472 words)

	EducationGuardian.co.uk \| Further \| The great reform act
		His work was born out of the government's over-reaction to minor problems with the 2002 A-level examination process, which led to the sacking of the then chairman of the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority, Sir William Stubbs, and the resignation of the then education secretary, Estelle Morris.
		But it is not the key issue - that is whether the proposed reforms will make a difference to those who are failed by the current system and drop out, and more generally to the two-thirds of young people in England who do not take or gain two A-levels.
		Employers are already warming to the emphasis in the white paper on improving functional numeracy and literacy, and to the primacy it gives to employer-led sector skills councils in designing the 14 proposed vocational diplomas.
	education.guardian.co.uk /further/opinion/story/0,14037,1427297,00.html (802 words)

	Marshall, "Frankenstein and the 1832 Anatomy Act" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Murder Act of 1752, which ordered either public dissection or hanging in chains for executed murderers, failed to supply a sufficient quantity for the medical schools' needs.
		The complexities of the Reform crisis and its resolution were to see to it that, politically and ideologically, benevolent paternalism effectively ended in 1832.
		The passage of the Anatomy Act into law is at once symbol and agency of the new politics of reprisal and social inequity, the politics of 'two nations', rich and poor.
	www.english.upenn.edu /Projects/knarf/Articles/marshall.html (3058 words)

	The Reform Act Crisis
		The ensuing general election was fought solely on the question of reform and saw the return of the Whigs with a massive majority.
		Grey was reluctant to ask parliament to discuss the issue of reform yet again but Thomas Attwood and other leaders of the Political Unions organised a huge campaign to demand the passing of the legislation.
		Although the legislation is referred to as the "Great Reform Act" its terms - although far reaching at the time - were quite moderate.
	dspace.dial.pipex.com /town/terrace/adw03/peel/refact/refcrisi.htm (655 words)

	BBC News \| TALKING POLITICS \| The Great Reform Act
		The great industrial power houses of Manchester, Leeds, Birmingham, and Sheffield were the hives of activity on which British wealth in the nineteenth century rested.
		Yet they had not a single MP to represent them in Parliament, prior to the 1832 reform act, although their combined population was well in excess of 500,000 people.
		By the time of the Third Reform Act of 1884, which equalised voting restrictions between counties and boroughs, over 50% of the adult male population was able to express its opinion through the ballot box.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/uk_politics/talking_politics/95699.stm (917 words)

	Érudit \| RON n34-35 2004 : Copeland : Opera and the Great Reform Act: Silver Fork Fiction, 1822-1842 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The heroine’s own troubled choices are mirrored in the contradictions of the Whig reform agenda, which are themselves puzzling to those of us trained to think of the Reform Act of 1832 as part of the inevitable march of historical progress towards modern democracy.
		Two months after the Reform Bill was enacted in June of 1832, “The Last Scene of the Triumph of Reform, or the Fall of the Boro’Mongers” [image10] appeared in August representing the passage of the act as grand opera.
		Great blame does indeed lie with the ambitious Winstanleys, who as people of moderate rank are seduced by the corrupt, even “murderous” promise of an aristocratic title for their daughter: “her diamond tiara had been a crown of thorns” (III, 268).
	www.erudit.org /revue/ron/2004/v/n34-35/009440ar.html (9758 words)

	Eye on Education/Massachusetts Education Reform (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Student achievement is clearly the foundation and the goal of the Education Reform Act of 1993.
		The Commonwealth must have the insight to understand that improving leadership at the school level is the key to unlocking the potential of schools and students.
		The first is a great sense of anxiety on the part of parents, teachers, students, and administrators as accountability increases and the constant focus is on higher standards and higher expectations.
	www.wgbh.org /eyeoned/reform/board_of_ed.html (777 words)

	Citizenship (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The passing of the Act was a mixture of political circumstance and popular pressure.
		However, his Reform Bill was rejected by the Tory-dominated House of Lords.
		It was the agitation from extra-parliamentary radicals in the country at large that finally convinced a sceptical king and hostile Lords that reform was necessary.
	www.nationalarchives.gov.uk.cob-web.org:8888 /pathways/citizenship/struggle_democracy/docs/reform_act.htm (89 words)

	Reform Act - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the United Kingdom, Reform Act is a generic term used for legislation concerning electoral matters.
		The Reform Act 1832, which gave representation to previously underrepresented urban areas and extended the qualifications for voting.
		The Ballot Act 1872 (sometimes called the "Reform Act of 1872"), which introduced the secret ballot.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Reform_Act (278 words)

	How Did the Tories Recover after the 1832 Reform Act?
		In comparison, Conservative Party strength showed a dramatic increase after the passing of the Reform Act due to party organisation under the Carlton Club and Registration Societies, the strength of Peel as a politician and the Conservatives' willingness not to use their power and influence in the House of Lords unconstitutionally.
		A major factor in the Tory Party's strength after the passing of the 1832 Reform Act was in fact the Act itself which united the party against further reform.
		In addition, the foundations of the Conservative recovery began with the movement of reformers across the floor of the House of Commons to the Conservative Party.
	www.victorianweb.org /history/turner.html (1408 words)

	Reform the Patriot Act
		We're obviously disappointed with today's vote to reauthorize the Patriot Act without common sense reforms to ensure that anti-terrorism resources are focused on agents of al Qaeda, and not used to invade the private financial, medical, library and internet records of ordinary Americans.
		Congress is now on the brink of voting to reauthorize and expand the Patriot Act, which would make secret searches of Americans' financial and internet records more coercive and more punitive.
		As the Patriot Act barrels toward final voting, the fight to attach genuine reforms is also in its endgame, with a flurry of amendments and related debates still possible next week.
	blog.reformthepatriotact.org (1302 words)

	The National Archives Learning Curve \| Power, Politics and Protest \| Great Reform Act
		It was known as the Great Reform Act.
		In 1831, the House of Commons passed a Reform Bill, but the House of Lords, dominated by Tories, defeated it.
		The riots in Bristol were some of the worst seen in England in the 19th century.
	www.learningcurve.gov.uk /politics/g6/default.htm (381 words)

	Political Reform Act 74
		Proposition 9, the political reform initiative that swept to a landslide victory June 4, was born--and almost died--in the heat of conflict generated by its authors.
		The genesis of the initiative, regarded by many as one of the finest political reform documents, in the nation, is difficult to trace because the three major participants claim credit for its inception.
		This was the intent of the Political Reform Act’s Chapter 4.
	ni4d.us /peopleslobby/Ch9PRAct.htm (6654 words)

	American Civil Liberties Union : Voting Rights Act (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The ACLU's Voting Rights Project has worked to protect the gains in political participation won by racial and language minorities since passage of the 1965 Voting Rights Act, and is working to renew and restore these rights in three crucial sections of the VRA set to expire in 2007.
		The act also opened the political process for many of the nearly 5,000 Latinos who now hold public office, including more than 250 who serve at the state or federal level.
		Although great strides have been made in reducing discrimination, the ideal of "one person, one vote," is still just that - an ideal.
	www.aclu.org /votingrightsact (837 words)

	1832 reform act
		Consider the arguments for and against the claim that the 1832 Reform Act represented the victory of the House of Commons over the House of Lords and the monarchy.
		‘The great merit of the Bill was that it altered the distribution of political power by placing the middle classes in the situation to which they were entitled.’ (Palmerston).
		E.J. Evans, The Great Reform Act of 1832, Routledge - Lancaster Pamphlets, 1983.
	www.history-ontheweb.co.uk /topic/topic2.htm (377 words)

	Michael Ledeen on Homeland Defense on National Review Online
		They've been hamstrung by guidelines so restrictive that as of September 10 the FBI was not even permitted to clip newspaper articles for their files unless they had reason to believe the people and organizations described in the articles were engaged in criminal activity, or preparing to commit criminal acts.
		And the CIA was not permitted to work with people who might have had "human-rights issues" in their past.
		And that was only logical, because the top people weren't going to act, and so they didn't want to hear the gory details about the terrorists.
	www.nationalreview.com /ledeen/ledeen060702b.asp (661 words)

	Reform the Patriot Act \| American Civil Liberties Union
		While we are obviously disappointed with this outcome, the fight to reform the Patriot Act is far from over.
		Since the Patriot Act was first debated and passed, we’ve made tremendous progress.
		Thanks to your efforts, the White House was unable to secure the rubber stamp reauthorization and expansion of the Patriot Act it had hoped for.
	action.aclu.org /reformthepatriotact (341 words)

	Reform Act 1832 (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.virginia.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		It met strong opposition from the Tories, who had defeated earlier bills, and it required pressure on William IV and the resignation of Earl Grey's Whig government to pass.
		The Act extended the franchise into the middle classes.
		However, Parliament was still under the thrall of the gentry and there was still great disparity between the size of constituencies.
	reform-act-1832.kiwiki.homeip.net.cob-web.org:8888 (461 words)

	1832 Reform Act
		When people heard the news, Reform Riots took place in several British towns; the most serious of these being in Bristol in October 1831.
		This (the Reform Act) has saved the country from confusion, and perhaps the monarch and monarchy from destruction.
		This is the third great event of my life at which I have been present, and in each of which I have been to a certain extent mixed up - the battle of Waterloo, the battle of Queen Caroline, and the battle of Earl Grey and the English nation for the Reform Bill.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /PR1832.htm (1629 words)

	Great Expectations: From Welfare to Work in the South
		The South, as does the rest of the country, holds great expectations for welfare reform and the ability of Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF), the revised public assistance program replacing Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), to help the poor in this country become more self-sufficient.
		And researchers certainly do not have a good understanding of caseload reduction in the rural South where unique social and economic conditions may affect the implementation and success of welfare reform.
		This report describes recent welfare reform efforts and identifies some of the conditions that may affect welfare reform and the potential for the new legislation to move welfare recipients into the workforce in the South.
	srdc.msstate.edu /publications/tootleabstract.htm (218 words)

	Reform Acts (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.virginia.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		From 1829 to 1832 their discontents fused in the demand for Parliamentary Reform, behind which the massses threw their riots and demonstrations, the businessmen the power of economic boycott.
		Therefore, the agitation preceding (and following) the first Reform Act, which Dickens observed at first hand as a shorthand Parliamentary reporter, made many people consider fundamental issues of society and politics.
		The 1867 Reform Act extended the right to vote still further down the class ladder, adding just short of a million voters -- including many workingmen -- and doubling the electorate, to almost two million in England and Wales.
	www.victorianweb.org.cob-web.org:8888 /history/hist2.html (394 words)

	The Reform Act Crisis
		had made demands for the reform of parliament in the 1760s there had been no systematic reform made in the eighteenth century.
		By 1830 two major constitutional changes had been made: the repeal of the Test and Corporation Acts and the passing of Catholic Emancipation.
		Although the legislation is referred to as the "Great Reform Act" its terms -- although far reaching at the time -- were quite moderate.
	www.victorianweb.org /history/reform.html (649 words)

	The Reform Act Crisis: topic page
		The case for parliamentary reform: 1 March 1831
		"Reform that you may preserve" Extracts from a speech by Thomas Babbington Macaulay, 2 March 1831
		Model essay “Reform was the dynamic that drove the political process in Britain up to 1850”.
	www.historyhome.co.uk /peel/reftopic.htm (194 words)

	Civil Authorities (Special Powers) Act - magnacartaplus
		This Act was the source of all emergency legislation in Northern Ireland until replaced by the 1973 Act.
		allowing the “Minster ‘in respect of persons, matters and things...to take all such steps and issue all such orders as may be necessary for preserving the peace and maintaining order, according to and in the execution of this Act and the regulations in it’.” [1].
		Additional provisions were made on a number of occasions, sometimes subject to the (ineffective) negative resolution procedure in the Belfast Parliament.
	www.magnacartaplus.org /bills/civ-lib/special-powers-act.htm (158 words)

	eBooks.com - Electoral Reform at Work eBook
		It argues that this extensively debated parliamentary reform, aided by the workings of the New Poor Law (1834) and Municipal Corporations Act (1835), moved the nation far closer to a 'modern' type of representative system than has previously been supposed.
		En passant he provides important new perspectives on issues such as MPs' relations with their constituents, the expense and culture of popular politics after 1832, the electoral impact of railway development, and the role of 'deference voting' in the counties.
		This highly original and wide-ranging study shows how the Reform Act politicised the electorate and caused nationally-oriented party structures to multiply through all levels of British politics, from the parish vestry to the new board of guardians and elected town council.
	www.ebooks.com /cj.asp?IID=218514 (519 words)

	Committee on Government Reform (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Tom has been a leader in reforming Congress’ lobbying and gift rules and was recognized as a “True Blue Reformer” by the advocacy group “Public Citizen” for his consistently strong support of political and ethics reforms.
		In the 107th Congress, Tom continued to serve on the D.C. Subcommittee, continuing to believe that ensuring the strength and solvency of the Nation’s Capitol is a key to promoting the growth of the entire region.
		Legislative successes were highlighted by the enactment of the Services Acquisition Reform Act; the creation of a National Security Personnel System for Department of Defense civilian employees; D.C. School Choice Program; critical postal pension reform legislation that will keep postage rates steady until at least 2006.
	reform.house.gov /GovReform/AboutTom (1234 words)

	The Great Reform Act of 2002: Ending a culture of death
		The Great Reform Act of 2002: Ending a culture of death
		I should begin by saying that I'm hopeless with wiring diagrams, and unlike so many Washingtonians I have never been fascinated by the bureaucratic balance of power, which no doubt explains in part why I was such a lousy bureaucrat myself.
		We succesfully defeated Nazi-ism and Japanese imperialism in 1945--with a great deal of effort and hardship, but defeated they were.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/696774/posts (3410 words)

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