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	Great Schism - MSN Encarta
		Great Schism, in the history of the Christian church, term used to refer to both the break between the Eastern and Western churches, traditionally dated 1054, and the period (1378-1417) in the Western church when two (and then three) popes simultaneously claimed to be legitimate.
		The Great Schism in the Western church began with the contested election of Pope Urban VI in 1378.
		The scandal of the schism gave temporary impetus to a conciliar theory of church government and also intensified the call for reform that eventually erupted in the Protestant Reformation.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761576891/Great_Schism.html (690 words)

	Medieval Sourcebook: Late Medieval States and Society
		The Great Schism: Manifesto of the Revolting Cardinals, 1378.
		The Great Schism: The University of Paris on the Schism, 1393.
		The Great Schism: The Council of Pisa Declares itself Competent to Judge Popes, 1409.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/sbook1w.html (460 words)

	East-West Schism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The East-West Schism, known also as the Great Schism (though this latter term sometimes refers to the later Western Schism), was the event that divided Chalcedonian Christianity into Western Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy.
		Even after Constantine the Great moved the capital of the Roman Empire from Rome to Constantinople in 330, the Pope retained his position as first among equals (primus inter pares) in the hierarchy, although this was not accompanied by any sort of veto or other monarchical powers over the other Patriarchs.
		The Great Schism was not the first schism between East and West; there had, in fact, been over two centuries of schism during the first millennium of the Church.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/East-West_Schism (1317 words)

	Kids.net.au - Encyclopedia Great Schism - (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Most commonly, "Great Schism" refers to the "great East-West schism", the split between the Eastern and Western churches in the eleventh century; the second schism, the "schism of the west" in the fourteenth century, refers to a time when three (claimant) popes were elected at the same time.
		With movement of the emperor and political authority from Rome to Constantinople, a division was caused in the religious climate of the empire.
		The second, and temporary, schism resulted from the return of the Papacy from Avignon to Rome by Pope Gregory XI in 1378, ending the Avignon Papacy.
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/gr/Great_Schism (428 words)

	Avignon Papacy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The great success of the Jubilee Year 1300 (it is reported that up to 2 million pilgrims visited Rome) considerably strengthened the prestige of the Papacy, brought funds to Rome and led the Pope to grossly overestimate his temporal powers.
		In the period of the Schism, the power struggle in the Papacy became a battlefield of the major powers, with France supporting the Pope in Avignon and England supporting the Pope in Rome.
		At the end of the century, still in the state of schism, the Papacy had lost most of its direct political power, and the nation states of France and England were established as the main powers in Europe.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Avignon_Papacy (3266 words)

	the great schism
		The East-West Schism, known also as the Great Schism (though this latter term sometimes refers to the later Western Schism), was the event that divided Christianity into Western Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy.
		The primary causes of the the Great Schism were disputes over papal authority—the Pope claimed he held authority over the four Eastern patriarchs, while the patriarchs claimed that the Pope was merely a first among equals—and over the insertion of the filioque clause into the Nicene Creed.
		The Great Schism was not the first schism between East and West; there had, in fact, been over two centuries of schism during the first millenium of the Church.
	www.crusades-history.com /The-Great-Schism.aspx (1213 words)

	AllRefer.com - Schism, Great (Roman Catholic And Orthodox Churches: General Terms And Concepts) - Encyclopedia
		Schism, Great, or Schism of the West, division in the Roman Catholic Church from 1378 to 1417.
		Martin V was elected, and the schism was at an end.
		The main effects of the schism were to delay needed reforms in the church and to give rise to the conciliar theory, which was revived at the Council of Basel (see Basel, Council of).
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/Schism-G.html (579 words)

	47. Recalcitrant Princes and the Great Schism. Wells, H.G. 1922. A Short History of the World
		very great weakness of the Roman Church in its struggle to secure the headship of all Christendom was the manner in which the Pope was chosen.
		One of the most vigorous and interesting of the Popes of this great period was Innocent III (1198–1216) who was so fortunate as to become Pope before he was thirty-eight.
		He had supporters in high places and a great following among the people; and though Rome raged against him, and ordered his imprisonment, he died a free man. But the fl and ancient spirit that was leading the Catholic Church to its destruction would not let his bones rest in the grave.
	www.bartleby.com /86/47.html (2396 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Eastern Schism
		To a great extent this estrangement was inevitable.
		Schism was not a movement arising in all the East; it was not a quarrel between two large bodies; it was essentially the rebellion of one see,
		Constantinople to the great schism in 867 the list of these temporary breaches of communion is a formidable one.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/13535a.htm (4328 words)

	Great Schism - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Most commonly, it refers to the great East-West Schism, the event that separated Eastern Orthodoxy and Western Roman Catholicism in the eleventh century (1054).
		In the second schism within the Catholic Church, the Western Schism in the fourteenth century (1378), three (claimant) popes were elected at the same time.
		History of the Papacy from the Great Schism to the Sack of Rome
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /great_schism.htm (182 words)

	The Great Schism of Jainism
		It is maintained that there were eight schisms, of which the first was caused by Jamali during Tirthankara Mahavira's lifetime, and the eighth took place during the first century of the Christian Era, that is after the lapse of nearly six hundred years after the nirvana of Tirthankara Mahavira.
		According to the account of the eighth schism, known as the great schism, which is corroborated by historical evidence, the process of the split continued from the third century B.C. up to the first century of the Christian Era.
		In connection with this Great Schism it is pertinent to note that the practice of nudity, strictly observed by Tirthankar Mahavira and the ascetic members of his sangha, was later on found impracticable and discarded gradually by some sections of the Ascetic Order of the Jainas.
	www.jainworld.com /jainbooks/antiquity/schismsj.htm (722 words)

	What was the Great Schism?
		Answer: The Great Schism is the title given to the rift that formed in the Church in the eleventh century A.D. This separation led to the "Roman Catholic" Church, hereby known as the Western Church, and the "Greek Catholic" or "Greek Orthodox Church," hereby known as the Eastern Church.
		So, while the “filioque controversy” was the cause of the “Great Schism,” with the eastern and western bishops excommunicating each other, it was in fact only the breaking point.
		The Great Schism was essentially the “forerunner” of the Protestant Reformation, with a refusal to accept the unbiblical concept of the supremacy of Rome at its core.
	www.gotquestions.org /great-schism.html (562 words)

	ORB: The Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Great Famine was the result of the growth of Europe's population to the limit of the capacity of the land to support it.
		The Black Death was one of the consequences of European contacts with the great civilizations to the east.
		This was of great importance to the clergy since it was clear that the pope would never be able to be an independent moral force if the lands upon which he and his administration were located were under the control of some secular power.
	the-orb.net /textbooks/nelson/avignon.html (1733 words)

	History of the Christian Church, Schaff, 1910 edition with power search.
		Thus the schism was completed, and Western Europe had the spectacle of two popes elected by the same college of cardinals without a dissenting voice, and each making full claims to the prerogative of the supreme pontiff of the Christian world.
		As a means of healing the schism, Clement proposed a general council, promising, in case it decided in his favor, to recognize Urban as leading cardinal.
		So great was the panic produced by the pope’s flight that the council would probably have been brought to a sudden close by a general scattering of its members, had it not been for Sigismund’s prompt action.
	www.bible.ca /history/philip-schaff/6_ch02.htm (18014 words)

	THE GREAT SCHISM (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Long before there was an open and formal schism between east and west, the two sides had become strangers to one another; and in attempting to understand how and why the communion of Christendom was broken, we must start with this fact of increasing estrangement.
		Nicolas was a great reforming Pope, with an exalted idea of the prerogatives of his see, and he had already done much to establish an absolute power over all bishops in the west.
		Thus the schism was outwardly healed, but no real solution had been reached concerning the two great points of difference that the dispute between Nicolas and Photius had forced into the open.
	www.holytrinity.ok.goarch.org /Interesting%20Stuff/Great%20Schism.htm (6175 words)

	Three Popes during the Great Western Schism (1378-1415)? (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The claim is sometimes used against the Catholic Church that she had two or three Popes at the same time during the Great Western Schism (1378-1415).
		The political events leading up to the schism will not be dealt with, apart from the election of the first antipope, Robert of Geneva, who took the name Clement VII.
		The schism was ended with the election of Pope Martin V. All other supposed popes from this period were in fact antipopes.
	www.angelfire.com /ms/seanie/papacy/schism.html (538 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Western Schism
		This schism of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries differs in all points from the Eastern Schism.
		It was not a schism properly so called, being in reality a deplorable misunderstanding concerning a question of fact, an historical complication which lasted forty years.
		Great Schism of the West, which was only an apparent schism from a theological standpoint.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/13539a.htm (2971 words)

	Great Schism - OrthodoxWiki
		The Great Schism is the historic sundering of Eucharistic relations between the See of Rome (now the Roman Catholic Church) and the other Christian patriarchates.
		In Western circles, the term Great Schism is often used to refer to the 14th century schism involving the Avignon Papacy (an event also sometimes called the "Western Schism" or "Papal Schism" or "Babylonian Captivity").
		The Great Schism was a gradual estrangement to which no specific date can be assigned although it has been conventionally dated to the year 1054.
	www.orthodoxwiki.org /Great_Schism (660 words)

	chaucer2
		The letter itself states that Clement's curialists were convinced they would "get great offices and fat benefices now that the church is in turmoil, which they rightly believe they could never get in a whole and united church." After some delay, and considerable difficulty, the letter was read before Charles VI on June 30, 1394.
		One question this all too brief analysis of the Schism raises, is why Chaucer chose to associate his Pardoner with the institution of St. Mary's of Rouncivale at Charing Cross, London, as opposed to any number of other similar institutions, or causes, available to him at the end of the fourteenth century.
		The church, in general, was unable or unwilling to end the Schism and essentially abdicated its prerogatives of power to determine its own destiny by granting that authority to secular institutions.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Delphi/9976/chaucer2.html (4104 words)

	Great Schism
		The term Great Schism is used to refer to two major events in the history of Christianity: the division between the Eastern (Orthodox) and Western (Roman) churches, and the period (1378 - 1417) during which the Western church had first two, and later three, lines of popes.
		C H Dawson, The Dividing of Christendom (1971); F Dvornik, The Photian Schism (1948); E F Jacob, Essays in the Conciliar Epoch (1963); S Runciman, The Eastern Schism (1955); J H Smith, The Great Schism (1970); R N Swanson, Universities, Academies, and the Great Schism (1979); W Ullmann, The Origins of the Great Schism (1972).
		However, the Great Schism was and is such a large event in the history of Christendom, that we felt the need to present both the Catholic and Orthodox perspectives.
	mb-soft.com /believe/txc/gschism.htm (6204 words)

	Encyclopedia: Great Schism (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The word schism, from the Greek ÏƒÏ‡Î¹ÏƒÎ¼Î±, schisma (from ÏƒÏ‡Î¹Î¶Ï‰, schizo, to split), means a division or a split, usually in an organization.
		Categories: Disambiguation The East-West Schism, known also as the Great Schism (though this latter term sometimes refers to the later Western Schism), was the event that divided Chalcedonian Christianity into Western Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy.
		Historical map of the Western Schism The Western Schism or Papal Schism was a split within the Catholic Church in 1378.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Great-Schism (435 words)

	Great Schism (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Great Schism began shortly after Gregory XI returned the Papacy to Rome in 1377, after its "Babylonian Captivity.
		Thus began the Great Schism, as two lines of popes continued to succeed each other, one based at Rome and the other at Avignon, each appointing cardinals.
		Martin, a Colonna, proved a very able pope, and a dedicated reformer, but the prestige of the papacy had been seriously injured, helping to pave the way for Protestantism, which is another story.
	www.hyw.com /books/history/Great_Sc.htm (253 words)

	ARCHDIOCESE OF AMERICA
		The articulation of Christian doctrine and order was achieved through the great Ecumenical Councils, the first of which was convened in AD 325.
		The first great schism or separation took place in the fifth and sixth centuries, chiefly over the understanding of the person of Christ.
		This eventually led to the Great Schism between East and West of AD 1054.
	www.goarch.org /en/archdiocese (2200 words)

	The Great Schism: 1378-1415 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Great Schism, as it has been called, lasted for about 68 years, during which time there were two popes claiming authority over the Catholic Church.
		The so-called "Babylonian Captivity" was one of the main factors Which caused the Great Schism.
		Therefore, the schism was healed and there was room for the election of a single pope, Pope Martin V, who reigned from 1417-1431.
	campus.northpark.edu /history/WebChron/WestEurope/GreatSchism.CP.html (498 words)

	[No title]
		In the great majority of the times the word church is used in the New Testament it refers to a "local" assembly of believers.
		This caused the Bishop of Constantinople to be raised to a position of great influence.
		There was great political differences and the East never bowed to the authority of the Bishop of Rome who in times when the Emperors were weak, ruled even in temporal matters.
	www.bible-truth.org /to-1054.htm (3490 words)

	Byzantine Catholic Church in America
		The "Great Schism" between the Catholic and the Orthodox Churches is surely one of the most unfortunate chapters in the history of the Church.
		The Great Schism separated the entire Christian West from the Christian East, creating a sense of isolation in both East and West, to each Church's detriment.
		At various times, it has led to a regrettably sectarian spirit in both Churches and it is this schism that representatives of each Church were trying to mend in their most recent meeting in Emmitsburg, Maryland in July 2000.
	www.byzcath.org /Faith-and-Worship/East-West-Dialogue-Page1.htm (1217 words)

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