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	Great Seal of Scotland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The earliest seal impression, in the Treasury of Durham Cathedral, is believed to be the Great Seal of Duncan II and dates to 1094.
		Although referred to in the Scotland Act 1998 as "the seal appointed by the Treaty of Union to be kept and made use of in place of the Great Seal of Scotland", the seal is still commonly referred to as the Great Seal of Scotland.
		The Great Seal is administered by the Keeper of the Great Seal.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Great_Seal_of_Scotland (511 words)

	Seals
		On official documents delivered open, the seal, displayed either on the face of he document or hanging from it on parchment strips or cords, served to verify the agreement of interested parties to the document.
		The great seal of Edward the Confessor was reportedly derived from the seal of Otto III, showing the monarch seated in majesty.
		The seal of Emperor Henry III, on a diploma of 1053 (Coblenz, Königlich Preussisches Staatsarchiv).
	medievalwriting.50megs.com /decoration/seal.htm (857 words)

	EDRINGTON, Berwickshire, the castle and early references
		On the 14th December 1425 (The Great Seal of Scotland number 29), he was invested in the seniority of the family estates:- "The King confirms to Robert de Lawedre of Edringtoun, knight, justiciario Scotia, the lands of le Crag, Balgone, the Bass, Edringtoun, Simprin, Easter Pencaitland, Newhall, etc"., for him and his legitimate heirs.
		There are several mentions in The Great Seal of transfers/sales of Edrington in the 17th century including one to a James Livingston, ‘a gentleman of the King’s Bedchamber’ (hardly the heroic and dashing knight that the Lauders were!), confirmed at Whitehall on 31st January, 1632; and another to John Hamilton of Skirling in September 1641.
		A Great Seal charter dated 13th September 1636 grants to the Rev. Thomas Ramsay, (of the Iddingtoun family - today’s Edington, nr.Chirnside) minister at the kirk of Foulden, and Helen Kellie his spouse, the town and lands of Nether Mordington, with the manor and mill sometime built upon by the said Thomas, etc.
	www.electricscotland.com /webclans/htol/edrington.html (3462 words)

	Royal Arms of Britain
		The arms of England (gules three lions passant guardant or) are known since their appearance on Richard Lionheart's second great seal, although he is believed to have used either a lion rampant or two lions affrontes before that (as shown on his first seal), and his father Henry II to have used a lion rampant.
		The Act of Union united the kingdoms of England and Scotland; this union was signified by a rearrangement of the arms.
		The united kingdom was represented by England and Scotland impaled in quarters 1 and 4, France in quarter 2 and Ireland in quarter 3.
	www.heraldica.org /topics/britain/royalarm.htm (2235 words)

	Novanglus by John Adams (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The union of England and Scotland was made and established by act of parliament in the reign of Queen Anne, and it was this union and statute which erected the kingdom of Great Britain.
		Scotland, England, and the colonies were all under one king before that; the two crowns of England and Scotland united on the head of James I and continued united on that of Charles I, when our first charter was granted.
		That the great seal was current for remedials, which groweth on complaint of the subject, and thereupon writs are addressed under the great seal of England; which writs are limited, their precinct to be within the places of the jurisdiction of the court that was to give the redress of the wrong.
	teachingamericanhistory.org /library/index.asp?document=787 (9300 words)

	E Pluribus Unum - Origin and Meaning of the Motto Carried by the American Eagle
		A motto's purpose is to express the theme of a seal's imagery – especially that of the shield.
		In his official explanation of the Great Seal, Thomson said this motto refers to the union between the states and federal government, as symbolized by the shield of thirteen stripes on the eagle's breast.
		By weaving together symbolic elements from each committee, Charles Thomson created a Great Seal that is itself an example of E pluribus unum: a synthesis of ideas and images.
	www.greatseal.com /mottoes/unum.html (582 words)

	Royal Banner of Scotland (United Kingdom)
		In law she is Queen of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (by an Act passed in the reign of William III, as modified by the Act of Union with Ireland, 1800 and the Government of Ireland Act, 1920, which re-defined Ireland to mean Northern Ireland).
		"Scotland has its own version of the Royal Standard in which the Red Lion rampant occupies the senior positions in the first and fourth quarters, whilst the England's three lions are in the second, and the harp of Ireland in the third.
		In 1953 the Secretary of State for Scotland raised the question why this form was not employed when Her Majesty was in residence in Scotland.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/gb-sc-rb.html (2277 words)

	Kids' Zone > In the spotlight > The Great Seal of the Realm
		The seal meant that the king did not need to sign every official document in person; approval could be carried out by someone the king trusted with his seal.
		This is the Latin form of The Queen's formal title: Elizabeth II by the Grace of God of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith.
		Dark green seals are used for 'letters patent' which create new members of the House of Lords; blue seals are used for documents about members of the Royal Family (such as marriages); and red is used for documents appointing a bishop and for most other 'letters patent'.
	www.royal.gov.uk /textonly/Page1702.asp (726 words)

	Act of Union, 1707
		That the United Kingdom of Great Britain be represented by one and the same Parliament, to be styled the Parliament of Great Britain.
		And that the heritable rights of Admiralty and Vice-Admiralites in Scotland be reserved to the respective proprietors as rights of property, subject nevertheless as to the manner of exercising such heritable rights to such regulations and alterations as shall be thought proper to be made by the Parliament of Great Britain.
		As by the said act passed in Scotland for settling the manner of electing the sixteen peers and forty-five members to represent Scotland in the Parliament of Great Britain may appear, be it therefore further enacted.
	www.jacobite.ca /documents/1707union.htm (844 words)

	The Great Seal of the Confederacy
		The Great Seal of the Confederate States of America was engraved in 1864, by the late Joseph S. Wyon, of London, England, predecessor of Messrs J. and A. Wyon, chief engravers of Her British Majesty's seals, etc., and reached Richmond not long before the evacuation of the city, April 3, 1865.
		It is a most remarkable fact that an equestrian figure constituted the seal of Great Britain from the time of Edward the Confessor down to the reign of George III, except during the short interval of the protectorate of Cromwell, when the trial of the King was substituted for the man on horseback.
		In the reign of William and Mary the seal bore the impress of the king and queen both mounted on horseback.
	www.dixiescv.org /seal_csa.html (1641 words)

	[No title]
		III That the United Kingdom of Great Britain be represented by one and the same Parliament, to be styled the Parliament of Great Britain.
		That all ships or vessels belonging to her Majesty's subjects of Scotland, at the time of ratifying the Treaty of Union of the two kingdoms in the Parliament of Scotland, though foreign built, be deemed and pass as ships of the build of Great Britain.
		VI That all parts of the United Kingdom forever,from and after the Union, shall have the same allowances, encouragements, and drawbacks, and be under the same prohibitions, restrictions, and regulations of trade, and liable to the same customs and duties on import and export; and that the allowances, encouragements, and drawbacks.
	www.etsu.edu /cas/history/docs/actofunion.htm (537 words)

	Endymion Porter - LoveToKnow 1911
		He was with him during the two Scottish campaigns, attended him again on the visit to Scotland in August 1641, and followed Charles on his last departure from London in 1642, receiving the nominal command of a regiment, and sitting in the Royalist parliament at Oxford in 1643.
		Towards the end of 1645, when the king's cause was finally lost, Porter abandoned England, and resided successively in France, Brussels, where he was reduced to great poverty, and the Netherlands.
		The property which he had accumulated during the tenure of his various appointments, by successful commercial undertakings and by favours of the court, was now for the most part either confiscated or encumbered.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Endymion_Porter (594 words)

	Great Seal of the Realm - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Great Seal is attached to the official documents of state that require the authorisation of the monarch to implement the advice of the Government.
		Under today's usage of the Great Seal, seals of dark green wax are affixed to letters patent elevating individuals to the peerage, blue seals authorize actions relating to the royal family, and scarlet seals appoint bishops and implement various other affairs of state.
		The Great Seal of the Realm is in the custody of and administered by the Lord Keeper of the Great Seal.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Great_Seal_of_the_Realm (789 words)

	John Lauder - Scotland's Public Accuser of Heretics
		In The Great Seal of Scotland, (number 1136 dated at Edinburgh on 15th February 1532) - "the King grants Letters of Legitimacy for John Lauder, bastard son of [Sir] Robert Lauder of Bass" [knight, who died before May 1545].
		Later he famously became Scotland's Public Accuser of Heretics; he was at the same time Secretary to Cardinal David Beaton, and after him, Archbishop Hamilton.
		Master John Lauder was one of the auditors of the Chamberlain's Accounts for the Archbishopric of St.Andrews from 1540 to 1549, wherein he is styled Archdeacon of Teviotdale.
	www.electricscotland.com /WEBCLANS/minibios/l/lauder_john.htm (937 words)

	Scottish Independence Web Server
		Scotland was considered as simply a province somewhat larger than Northumbria, and its geographical position as well as feudal ties and engagements, were adduced in support of the theory.
		In Scotland, Until it became probable that King James VI would be the successor of Queen Elizabeth, such a thing as a close political, indissoluble union was never thought about, or if it did enter the brains of some northern statesmen they took care never to give it expression.
		But, as usual, Scotland had to pay dearly for her " whustle " The taxation of the protectorate was excessive - often as high as ten thousand pounds a month, and the presence of English soldiers and some English judges caused a feeling of humiliation to sadden the otherwise pleasant outlook.
	www.forscotland.com /aou.html (7798 words)

	Great Officer of State - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The posts of Lord President and Lord Privy Seal are normally combined with that of Leader of the House of Commons and Leader of the House of Lords, respectively, though the current Government has the posts reversed.
		The Lord Chancellor is the most important of the Great Officers: he is the cabinet minister responsible for the Lord Chancellor's Department (now the Department for Constitutional Affairs) and formally Keeper of the Great Seal.
		Keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland - The Rt Hon.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Great_Officer_of_State (1045 words)

	Official Heraldry of the United States
		The Seal of the President of the United States is almost identical to the obverse of the Great Seal of the United States.
		The presidential seal is not used to seal documents, but as a presidential insignia on White House documents, objects and staff clothing.
		Seal of the Treasury: a a note on its history and the Treasury Order approving the current design.
	www.heraldica.org /topics/usa/usheroff.htm (1601 words)

	Sixteen Small Stones: The Great Seal of the United States
		One persistent conspiracy meme that is prevalent among conservatives is the idea that the portions of the Great Seal of the United States, as seen on the reverse side of the dollar bill, contain elements that represent a Free-Mason or Illuminati conspiracy.
		The seals proposed by Franklin and Jefferson (who also coined the phrase separation of church and state) would be declared unconstitutional by the ACLU and activist judges of today.
		The Great Seal of the United States is one of the greatest evidences that our modern concept of the extent of separation of church and state is far removed from that of the founders.
	www.sixteensmallstones.org /the-great-seal-of-the-united-states (2079 words)

	First Committee's Design for the Great Seal of the United States - 1776
		Skilled in portraiture and heraldry (he designed the state seals of Delaware and Virginia), Du Simitière was also an avid collector of all things American, and started the first American museum.
		For the front of the seal: children of Israel in the wilderness, led by a cloud by day and a pillar of fire by night.
		Two of its design elements, however, were chosen for the final Great Seal: the eye of Providence and the motto E Pluribus Unum.
	www.greatseal.com /committees/firstcomm (690 words)

	[No title]
		The descent of tile chief of this clan is pure Scoto-Gaelic with a strain of Irish.
		He followed to Ireland and France his royal master through war and exile, and was created Marquis of Seaforth, but as his patent had not passed the great seal of Scotland the title was only recognized by the Jacobites.
		He died in 1701 and was succeeded by William, fifth Earl, who was attainted in 1715, and was at the battle Of Glenshiel in 1719, when a rising in Scotland aided by a few Spanish infantry, was concerted by the Marquis of Tullvbardine and the Earl Marischai.
	www.protosight.com /family_tree/chapter2.htm (1375 words)

	Scotland: legalities of flag
		All heraldic flags In Scotland come under the legal jurisdiction of the Lord Lyon King of Arms, in terms of the Act of Parliament 1672 cap.
		All of these are rigorously protected to their owners by the Laws of Arms in Scotland, and they may be flown by no one else.
		I don't doubt that the situation of Lyon in Scotland was different - historically and legally - from that of the College of Arms in England.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/gb_s-her.html (2769 words)

	Act (Treaty) of Union, 1707 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		That the Subjects of the United Kingdom of Great Britain shall from and after the Union have full Freedom and Intercourse of Trade and Navigation to and from any port or place within the said United Kingdom and the Dominions and Plantations thereunto belonging.
		That from and after the Union all foreign Salt which shall be Imported into Scotland shall be charged at the Importation there with the same Duties as the like Salt is now charged with being Imported into England and to be levied and secured in the same manner.
		That during the continuance of the Duties payable in England on Coals, Culm and Cinders, which determines 30th September 1710 Scotland shall not be charged therewith for Coals Culm and Cinders consumed there but shall be charged with the same Duties as in England for all Coals, Culm and Cinders not consumed in Scotland.
	www.agh-attorneys.com /4_act_of_union_1707.htm (987 words)

	16. England under Edward The First, Called Longshanks Page 4
		Then, King Edward caused the great seal of Scotland, used since the late King's death, to be broken in four pieces, and placed in the English Treasury; and considered that he now had Scotland (according to the common saying) under his thumb.
		He was a man of great size and great strength; he was very brave and daring; when he spoke to a body of his countrymen, he could rouse them in a wonderful manner by the power of his burning words; he loved Scotland dearly, and he hated England with his utmost might.
		Some of the officers of the Earl of Surrey in command of the English, with THEIR eyes also on the bridge, advised him to be discreet and not hasty.
	www.web-books.com /Classics/Dickens/Child/Child16_4.htm (1219 words)

	The New Age Magazine and Occult Explanations of the Great Seal \| Terry Melanson
		Simply titled "The Great Seal of the United States," Elmer W. Claypool, 32°, gives his own opinion of the symbolic meaning of the seal and then quotes from a 33rd degree mason who elucidates a more esoteric viewpoint.
		The Great Seal was established by a resolution of the Continental Congress on June 20, 1782; and, without any essential change in design, it has been in continuous use up to the present day.
		Although the Great Seal had been in service since the year of 1782, it was not official until seven years later when on September 15, 1789, Congress passed a law declaring it to be the official seal of the United States.
	www.conspiracyarchive.com /Commentary/Great_Seal.htm (3956 words)

	Peerage and Nobility of the Royal Houses - English & Scottish Nobility
		Balliols/Harold Guelph : dukes of Brunswick Alfred the Great Stuarts House of Stuart House of Tudor Aristocracy of Great Britain and Ireland Plantagenet Roll Tudor Roll England, Scotland, and Wales Royal Families
		The Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland during the sitting of the General Assembly.
		Every Lord Lieutenant of a County and every Lord Lieutenant of a County of a City during his term of office, and within the limits of his jurisdiction, shall have prece- dence before the Sheriff Principal having concurrent jurisdiction in the said County or County of a City.
	www.scotlandroyalty.org /peerage.html (2835 words)

	Guide to Privy Seal records - The National Archives of Scotland
		Alexander III is known to have had a privy seal by 1272, but there is no evidence that one was in regular use before Robert I's reign (1306-29), when it was called the privatum sigillum or 'privy' seal as in England.
		Those passed on the strength of a warrant under the signet ('per signetum') comprised those precepts or warrants for documents which were to pass the Great Seal, mainly charters, remissions, and legitimations.
		The order of documents in the register also relates to the date of sealing, which could be several years after the issue of the original warrant for the grant, rather than the date of the grant.
	www.nas.gov.uk /guides/privySeal.asp (557 words)

	Origin of the Barton - Steadman
		He is mentioned in the 1474-1475 account of the Chamberlain of County Fife, Scotland, as master of the vessel "King's Carvel" (or the "Yellow Carvel"), which was plundered by the Portuguese.
		About 1540, during the reign of King James V (1513-1542) of Scotland, he was appointed Burgess of Edinburgh for life, Deputy Collector of Edinburgh, and Searcher of Merchandise on the shore of Leith.
		II, A. On the death of Susan (Stedman) Barton in 1565, Alexander applied to Queen Mary (1542-1567) of Scotland and was granted "arms of adoption" by which he was empowered to obtain the estate bequeathed to his wife by her father, on the condition that he assume the name and arms of the deceased father.
	www.tqsi.com /stedman/bartonfamily.html (2618 words)

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