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Topic: Great spotted kiwi

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	Kiwi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Kiwi are shy nocturnal creatures with a highly developed sense of smell and, most unusual in a bird, nostrils at the end of their long bill.
		The very small Little Spotted Kiwi, Apteryx owenii is unable to survive predation by imported pigs, stoats and cats and is extinct on the mainland and the most threatened of all kiwi.
		The Okarito Brown Kiwi or Rowi, Apteryx rowi, is a recently identified species, slightly smaller, with a greyish tinge to the plumage and sometimes white facial feathers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kiwi (1098 words)

	Ecology of the Kiwi
		Kiwis are approximately 14-22 inches in length, and range in height from 15 inches (Little Spotted Kiwi) to 20 inches (Great Spotted Kiwi), and weigh in at approximately 5 pounds.
		Kiwis, especially the North Island Brown Kiwi, are significant predators of crop-eating pests such as the scarabaeid beetle; however their diet varies with availability of food, and they are known to take cultivated vegetables (peas, cabbage, etc) when necessary.
		Kiwi chicks are precocial — born with feathers and able to move about after a few hours after hatching — but instead of having the fluffy down common to most precocial birds, they are born with brown feathers similar in every way to the parents’, only of a richer hue.
	bobkiwi.tripod.com /cases/ecology/ecology_of_kiwi.html (2757 words)

	Save Happy Valley! :: Happy Valley (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Great spotted kiwi are found only in the South Island, roughly north of Hokitika, and mainly in the western and central parts of the island.
		Great spotted kiwi have a “gradual decline” threat classification, with the rates of decline being higher in dry habitats than in wet ones.
		The major threat to the survival of great spotted kiwi on the mainland is believed to be predation of chicks/juveniles by stoats.
	www.savehappyvalley.org.nz /happyvalley.htm (1057 words)

	Kiwi
		The Kiwi is any of the species of small flightless birds native to New Zealand of the genus Apteryx.
		Kiwi are shy, nocturnal creatures with a highly developed sense of smell and, most unusually in a bird, nostrils at the end of their long, sharp bill.
		The Okarito Brown Kiwi, Apteryx australis australis, is a recently identified sub-species of the North Island Brown, slightly smaller, with a greyish tinge to the plumage and sometimes white facial feathers.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ap/Apterygidae.html (560 words)

	North Island Brown Kiwi - National Zoo\| FONZ
		Kiwis are stout birds, standing 50 cm tall with females (2,060-3,850 grams) weighing up to 30 percent more than males (1,440-3,060 grams).
		The snuffling may be produced by the opening and closing of a valve behind the nostrils that prevents the bird from inhaling dirt and debris as it probes the soil and leaf litter.
		While adult kiwis are usually feisty enough to defend themselves against the smaller predators, their eggs and newly hatched young are extremely vulnerable to predation.
	nationalzoo.si.edu /Animals/Birds/Facts/FactSheets/fact-brownkiwi.cfm (1515 words)

	TerraNature \| New Zealand Ecology - Kiwi
		It was previously identified in 1993 as the Okarito brown kiwi, a subspecies of the North Island brown kiwi, Apteryx mantelli.
		Little spotted is the smallest kiwi (shown above left), with a height of 25 cm, and an average weight of 1.3 kg for the female and 1.1 kg for the male.
		Great spotted kiwi are mountain dwellers in upland forest and subalpine shrubland and grassland, with the biggest concentration in Kahurangi National Park and northwest Nelson.
	www.terranature.org /kiwi2.htm (1389 words)

	WWF - Kiwi
		Kiwis are by nature shy and retiring and are hard to find because they hide during the day in burrows or under logs and become active at night.
		Kiwis leave a distinct stamp on their feeding ground: a series of deep crater-like beakmarks in the soil.
		The kiwi builds its nest in a hollow log, or among the roots of large trees, or in burrows, lining it with twigs, grass and feathers.
	www.panda.org /news_facts/education/middle_school/species_home/herbivores/kiwi/index.cfm (641 words)

	More kiwi conservation information and images
		The Little Spotted Kiwi (Apteryx owenii) is extinct on the mainland and survives as 1,000 birds on Kapiti Island and 100 (by transfer) on four smaller islands.
		Kiwi can live in a variety of habitats and were once found from sea level to alpine environments, in scrubland, farmland, swamps, pine forest and vegetated gullies.
		Now the kiwi is fighting for survival in its traditional habitat, the result of a multitude of causes, from humans destroying forests and clearing land for farming, to introduced predators such as possums, stoats, ferrets, feral cats, pigs and dogs.
	www.mtbruce.org.nz /kiwimore.htm (1130 words)

	New Zealand Kiwi Bird
		There are five kinds of kiwi in New Zealand - three closely related Brown Kiwis, the Little Spotted Kiwi and the Great Spotted Kiwi.
		Kiwi eggs are proportionately larger compared to the size of the adult female than the eggs of any other bird.
		The New Zealand dollar is often referred to as the “The Kiwi” and the kiwi fruit is known as a “Kiwi” in some countries.
	www.chemistry.co.nz /kiwibird.htm (883 words)

	Southern Encounter Aquarium and Kiwi House
		Kiwi are omnivorous, eating a large variety of insects, grubs, berries, fruits, shoots and leafy material, which are all readily found on the forest floor.
		Kiwi are at their most vulnerable when they first hatch and during the first few months of their lives, as introduced predators are able to detect young chicks very easily.
		Kiwi chicks are fully independent and ready to leave their natal burrow by the time they are three weeks old.
	www.southernencounter.co.nz /animal_info/kiwi.htm (1554 words)

	Little Spotted Kiwi / Kiwi-pukupuku Factsheet
		Kiwi-pukupuku are flightless, although the ancestor of all kiwi may have flown in the dim, distant past since you can still see the remnants of a wing when you look at a kiwi skeleton.
		Kiwi are the only birds in the world with nostrils at the end of their beak.
		The little spotted kiwi has a number of burrows in their territory, often sleeping in a different burrow each day, sometimes with its mate and sometimes alone.
	www.sanctuary.org.nz /restoration/forest/little_spotted_kiwi/spotted_kiwi_facts.html (753 words)

	Kiwi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		There is estimated to be around 10 000 great spotted kiwi living in the wild, but their population is declining at a rate of around 6% per year.
		Kiwi are mostly nocturnal and stay in their burrows during the day and come out to feed at night.
		Kiwi have a very developed sense of smell and also can feel for vibrations made by their prey moving in or on the ground.
	www.apoec.org.nz /kiwi.htm (539 words)

	Return of kiwi to Nelson Lakes
		Great spotted kiwi are believed to have only ever lived in the South Island.
		Great spotted kiwi is the biggest kiwi species with the adult female often weighing over 3kg (one-third again as much as the average male).
		Great spotted kiwi is the first species to be reintroduced to the Rotoiti recovery area.
	www.biodiversity.govt.nz /news/media/current/22apr04.html (682 words)

	Kiwi, New Zealands icon bird conservation and captive breeding
		The kiwi is the smallest living member of the ratite family (Apterygidae), a group of flightless birds which includes the rheas of South America, the ostriches of Africa, the emu of Australia and the extinct moa of New Zealand.
		This country’s ancient isolation and lack of mammals allowed the kiwi to occupy a habitat and lifestyle that elsewhere would be occupied by mammals.
		The kiwi is a unique bird and has become an icon for the New Zealand ’spirit’ and an emblem of national identity.
	www.mtbruce.org.nz /kiwi.htm (117 words)

	Massey News Article \| Care for kiwi with a sore nose
		Rehabilitation of a great spotted kiwi who injured her beak during a release last weekend will make a valuable contribution to our knowledge about how kiwi bills grow.
		Kiwis are the only birds to have their nostrils at the end of long bills, essential to help them scent worms when they are digging underground.
		The great spotted kiwi are more stressful than the smaller brown kiwi and don’t do well in captivity.
	www.massey.ac.nz /~wwpubafs/2004/Press_Releases/05_21_04.html (420 words)

	Kuaotunu Country Lodge -- Kiwi Information
		Other reasons the kiwi could pass for a mammal is its loose, hair-like feathers, its long whiskers, the fact it can't fly and that it burrows in the ground.
		Kiwi are extremely territorial birds, They protect their patch — which can be as much as 40 hectares — by calling or, if that fails, by chasing the intruder kiwi and giving it a good booting over.
		Kiwi experts are keen to dispel myths surrounding the kiwi — particularly that they are half-blind and bumbling.
	www.beachfrontresort.co.nz /kuaotunucountrylodge/kiwiinfo.html (1612 words)

	The New Zealand Kiwi Species
		The North Island Brown Kiwi is found in the upperparts of the North Island, with large numbers in Northland.
		Kiwi's are being transfered to other islands to try and establish new colonies (including Tiritiri Matangi, Hen Island, Red Mercury and Long Island).
		The Great Spotted Kiwi population is thought to be 10--20,000.
	www.kamcom.co.nz /kiwi/kiwispecies.htm (490 words)

	Kiwi doing well in new Rotoiti home
		Nine great spotted kiwi moved to Lake Rotoiti a year ago as part of Bank of New Zealand Kiwi Recovery appear to be well at home in their new surroundings.
		Great spotted kiwi hadn’t in recent times been moved to set up a new population so we weren’t sure how it would go.
		But the fact the kiwi have stayed, that they are healthy and that a chick was bred in the first year are all encouraging indications a breeding kiwi population can establish at Rotoiti.
	www.biodiversity.govt.nz /news/media/current/23may05.html (638 words)

	Brown Kiwi
		Kiwi are aggressive birds that guard their large territories fiercely.
		The kiwi, despite being the New Zealand national symbol, is at risk of extinction.
		We have two kiwi currently on display in the nocturnal house and others in a secluded area which are part of a breeding programme.
	www.wellingtonzoo.com /animals/animals/natives/kiwi.html (341 words)

	Kiwi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The kiwi is related to the ostrich of Africa, the emu of Australia and the now-extinct moa of New Zealand.
		The brown kiwi is still widespread in the central and northern North Island, but the little spotted kiwi survives only on off-shore islands.
		In November 2002, Bank of New Zealand Kiwi Recovery Trust was set up by DOC and the Bank of New Zealand to strengthen the funds and resources available to protect kiwi nationally.
	www.doc.govt.nz /Conservation/001~Plants-and-Animals/001~Native-Animals/Kiwi/index.asp (575 words)

	Welcome to Forest and Bird
		Kiwi were hunted by Maori and their dogs, and fires swept through large parts of the drier eastern side of both main islands in pre-European times.
		Kiwi eggs take a long time to hatch, and some kiwi varieties leave them unattended for long periods of the night while the male is out feeding.
		Weka take many little spotted kiwi eggs on Kapiti Island, but numbers of both species have increased on the island during the 20th century, and our work shows that little spotted kiwi are thriving, and are close to the carrying capacity of the island.
	www.forestandbird.org.nz /publications/magazine/1999/may/KiwiRecovery.asp (2047 words)

	News - NZ's kiwi bird headed for extinction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The populations of the great spotted kiwi and the southern brown kiwi are thought to be stable, although their ranges have diminished.
		The little spotted kiwi population is thought to number about 1 500 birds and is growing, thanks to island sanctuaries.
		Mr McLennan, who has devoted most of his 15-year career to kiwi birds, said Northland kiwi were being killed off at about the same rate as kiwi in the lower North Island but because there were more of them, their decline would be slower.
	home.intekom.com /animals/services/news/wildlife/kiwi.html (251 words)

	Kiwi bone carvings, New Zealand native birds
		There are 3 species of kiwis, the brown kiwi, the little spotted kiwi and the great spotted kiwi.
		The brown kiwi is further divided in 3 sub-species.
		The kiwi is flightless, it's got hair-like feathers, and it burrows in the ground...
	www.aotearoa.co.nz /bones/kiwi.html (91 words)

	Kiwis Saving Kiwis - National Zoo\| FONZ
		While kiwis are notorious for their bold, aggressive behavior toward anything or anyone who invades their territory, little spotted kiwis, the smallest and most endangered of the kiwi family, have a fairly mellow nature.
		Unlike those of any other bird, the kiwisâ nostrils are located at the tip of their seven-inch-long flexible bills, which they use to probe through leaf litter and soil as they sniff for earthworms, grubs, and other invertebrates that make up most of their diet.
		A female little spotted kiwi is burdened by an egg that is by far the largest relative to body size among birds, growing to 26 percent of her body weight, while the eggs of other kiwis average 15 to 20 percent of a femaleâs weight.
	nationalzoo.si.edu /Publications/ZooGoer/1999/6/kiwisavingkiwis.cfm (2434 words)

	Nature Feature - Kiwi
		The survival of a flightless bird with the habits of the kiwi was possible because of New Zealand's lack of native flesh-eating mammals.
		The kiwi's habitat is mainly native forest and scrub.
		At the tip of the kiwi's bill are a pair of extremely sensitive nostrils which the bird uses to locate food, and to detect and recognise other birds.
	www.australianstamp.com /Coin-web/feature/nature/kiwi.htm (512 words)

	Australia and New Zealand 2001 - Emmalee Tarry
		The Kiwi is another member of the Ratite family of birds that includes: Cassowary, Emu, Ostrich, Rhea of South America and the extinct Moa.
		The Kiwi uses its long bill with nostrils on the end to probe the mud for insects and tiny crustaceans.
		The other trips designed for Kiwi Spotting is the other one you mentioned regarding the 14 Km walk to Mason Bay, carrying your own gear, but have a guide with you, that is Ruggedy Range tours.
	www.neseabirds.com /Australia/ANZkiwipage1.htm (1452 words)

	About The Bird:The Kiwi Family
		Before 1995 we talked about three species: the Great Spotted Kiwi, the Little Spotted Kiwi, and the Brown Kiwi – and we thought the Brown Kiwi was divided into three varieties: North Island Brown, South Island Brown, and Stewart Island Brown.
		Then we thought there were four species of kiwi: the Great Spotted Kiwi, the Little Spotted Kiwi, the Brown Kiwi and the Tokoeka – and that the Brown Kiwi and Tokoeka each contained two varieties.
		The Little Spotted and Great Spotted kiwi species are still the same.
	www.savethekiwi.org.nz /AboutTheBird/TheKiwiFamily (350 words)

	Education Fact Sheets - Kiwi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The kiwi is the only bird with nostrils at the other end - this helps them find their food by both smell and touch.
		The Kiwi is nocturnal and sleeps during the day in burrows or hollow logs.
		Some of these kiwis spend the whole year in sub-alpine grasslands, even though most of area is snow-covered in winter.
	www.arazpa.org.au /Education_FactSheets_Kiwi.htm (690 words)

	Sounding out the great spotted kiwi - Our Environment: Autumn 2000
		A team of kiwi listening volunteers led by the Department of Conservation went into the Lewis Pass in January to listen for the haunting night calls of the threatened great spotted kiwi (roroa).
		Volunteer co- ordinator Lesley Shand says enough kiwi calls were heard to assume there was the basis of a viable population.
		Intensive predator control of stoats and ferrets, as well as removal of possum (which disturb nesting kiwi and damage vegetation), is part of the project’s integrated management approach.
	www.ccc.govt.nz /OurEnvironment/22/spottedkiwi.asp (333 words)

	Kiwi House News
		I also have to report the death of "Manu Po" or Night Bird on 27 May. This kiwi underwent an operation several years ago to remove broken egg fragments from her uterus and was never 100% after that.
		The good news is that the three kiwi that were held in quarantine have finally been released into the southern cell of the Mt. Maungatautari Reserve.
		Great Spotted Kiwi: (Apteryx haastii): Second egg of the season laid, egg later removed to incubator, as yet to soon to see if it is fertile or not.
	www.kiwihouse.org.nz /news.htm (1196 words)

	Tiritiri Matangi Island - Little Spotted Kiwi
		As the Kiwi population grows and the birds become increasingly tolerant of human presence, the chance of an encounter has gone from being a possibility to a probability.
		The Little Spotted is the smallest and rarest of the Kiwi.
		Relative to body size, the egg of the Little Spotted Kiwi is the largest of any bird.
	www.tiritirimatangi.org.nz /Fauna/LittleSpottedKiwi.htm (502 words)

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