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| | Great St Bernard, Switzerland |
 | | The road over the Great St Bernard pass, between the Mont Blanc group and the Valais Alps, the highest pass road in the Swiss Alps after the Umbrail road, is for the most part excellently engineered (maximum gradient 11%), but is usually open only from the middle or end of June until October. |
 | | The construction of the St Bernard tunnel (5,828 m/19,122ft long, carriageway 7.5 m/25ft; toll) in 1959-63 made the road passable throughout the year and shortened the distance between western Switzerland and Italy in winter by several hundred kilometers. |
 | | This ancient and historic traffic route was used by the Celts, from 105 B.C. onwards by the Romans, in 547 by the Lombards and later by many German emperors traveling to Italy (Charlemagne in 773, Henry IV on his journey to Canossa in 1077, Frederick Barbarossa in 1175). |
| www.planetware.com /switzerland/great-st-bernard-ch-vs-gsb.htm (236 words) |
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