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	Western Schism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Western Schism or Papal Schism (also known as the Great Schism of Western Christianity) was a split within the Catholic Church in 1378.
		The schism in the Western church resulted from the untimely return of the Papacy from Avignon to Rome by Pope Gregory XI in 1378, ending the Avignon Papacy.
		The Great Schism of the Western Church occupied the energies of Jean Gerson, one of the great theologians of the age.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Western_Schism (752 words)

	Filioque clause - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Great Western Schism concluded with yet a third individual claiming to be Pope and the Council of Constance.
		The promised Western armies were too late to prevent the fall of Constantinople to the Turks in 1453.
		Western theologians anticipated this objection by saying the Spirit proceeds from the Father and Son "as from one principle." The East, however, again objected that this formulation would merge and confuse the persons of the Father and the Son.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Filioque_clause (6615 words)

	Great Schism
		Most commonly, "Great Schism" refers to the "great East-West schism", the split between the Eastern and Western churches in the eleventh century; the second schism, the "schism of the west" in the fourteenth century, refers to a time when three (claimant) popes were elected at the same time.
		With movement of the emperor and political authority from Rome to Constantinople, a division was caused in the religious climate of the empire.
		The second, and temporary, schism resulted from the return of the Papacy from Avignon to Rome by Pope Gregory XI in 1378, ending the Avignon Papacy.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/gr/Great_Schism.html (396 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Western Schism
		This schism of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries differs in all points from the Eastern Schism.
		The Western Schism was only a temporary misunderstanding, even though it compelled the Church for forty years to seek its true head; it was fed by politics and passions, and was terminated by the assembling of the councils of Pisa and Constance.
		In behalf of the great majority of clergy and people must be pleaded the good faith which excludes all errors and the wellnigh impossibility for the simple faithful to reach the truth.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/13539a.htm (3217 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Eastern Schism
		However, the Eastern Schism always means that most deplorable quarrel of which the final result is the separation of the vast majority of Eastern Christians from union with the Catholic Church, the schism that produced the separated, so-called "Orthodox" Church.
		The two great breaches, those of Photius and Michael Caerularius, which are remembered as the origin of the present state of things, were both healed up afterwards.
		The Eastern Schism was not a movement arising in all the East; it was not a quarrel between two large bodies; it was essentially the rebellion of one see, Constantinople, which by the emperor's favour had already acquired such influence that it was able unhappily to drag the other patriarchs into schism with it.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/13535a.htm (4887 words)

	The Question of Assistance at the Mass of a Priest Who Professes Communion With John Paul II as Pope
		Hence the sin of schism is, properly speaking, a special sin, for the reason that the schismatic intends to sever himself from that unity which is the effect of charity: because charity unites not only one person to another with the bond of spiritual love, but also the whole Church in unity of spirit.
		Schism is the crime of refusal of submission to the Roman Pontiff or the refusal of communion with those who are subject to him.
		The origin of this indulgence was in the aftermath of the Great Western Schism, during which numerous problems arose for the simple faithful, who could not be sure who were their true pastors, and who were those that were in rebellion against the authentic Roman Pontiff.
	www.sedevacantist.org /una_cum.html (8286 words)

	Three Popes during the Great Western Schism (1378-1415)? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The claim is sometimes used against the Catholic Church that she had two or three Popes at the same time during the Great Western Schism (1378-1415).
		The political events leading up to the schism will not be dealt with, apart from the election of the first antipope, Robert of Geneva, who took the name Clement VII.
		The schism was ended with the election of Pope Martin V. All other supposed popes from this period were in fact antipopes.
	www.angelfire.com /ms/seanie/papacy/schism.html (538 words)

	the great schism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The primary causes of the the Great Schism were disputes over papal authority—the Pope claimed he held authority over the four Eastern patriarchs, while the patriarchs claimed that the Pope was merely a first among equals—and over the insertion of the filioque clause into the Nicene Creed.
		Theodosius the Great, who died in 395, was the last Emperor to rule over a united Roman Empire; after his death, his territory was divided into western and eastern halves, each under its own Emperor.
		The Great Schism was not the first schism between East and West; there had, in fact, been over two centuries of schism during the first millenium of the Church.
	www.crusades-history.com /The-Great-Schism.aspx (1213 words)

	Great Schism
		The term Great Schism is used to refer to two major events in the history of Christianity: the division between the Eastern (Orthodox) and Western (Roman) churches, and the period (1378 - 1417) during which the Western church had first two, and later three, lines of popes.
		The schism between the Eastern and Western churches is traditionally dated to 1054, although the precise point at which the split became a fixed and lasting reality is difficult to determine.
		However, the Great Schism was and is such a large event in the history of Christendom, that we felt the need to present both the Catholic and Orthodox perspectives.
	mb-soft.com /believe/txc/gschism.htm (6204 words)

	New Catholic Dictionary: Gallicanism
		Ecclesiastical Gallicanism was a consequence of the Great Western Schism, during which the idea of the pope's supremacy was badly obscured.
		The first exponents of Gallicanism were the Franciscan William of Occam, John of Jandun, and Marsilius of Padua who in the 14th century denied the divine origin of the papal primacy and subjected its exercise to the pleasure of the civil ruler.
		After the Great Western Schism, the conciliar theory (superiority of the council over the pope) found favor and was formulated by Gerson and Peter d'Ailly.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/ncd03454.htm (369 words)

	The Great Schism: The Estrangement of Eastern and Western Christendom
		The Great Schism: The Estrangement of Eastern and Western Christendom
		The western Church gradually became centralized to a degree unknown anywhere in the four Patriarchates of the east (except possibly in Egypt).
		Nicolas was a great reforming Pope, with an exalted idea of the prerogatives of his see, and he had already done much to establish an absolute power over all bishops in the west.
	www.orthodoxinfo.com /general/greatschism.aspx (6265 words)

	chaucer2
		The letter itself states that Clement's curialists were convinced they would "get great offices and fat benefices now that the church is in turmoil, which they rightly believe they could never get in a whole and united church." After some delay, and considerable difficulty, the letter was read before Charles VI on June 30, 1394.
		One question this all too brief analysis of the Schism raises, is why Chaucer chose to associate his Pardoner with the institution of St. Mary's of Rouncivale at Charing Cross, London, as opposed to any number of other similar institutions, or causes, available to him at the end of the fourteenth century.
		The church, in general, was unable or unwilling to end the Schism and essentially abdicated its prerogatives of power to determine its own destiny by granting that authority to secular institutions.
	mayanastro.freeservers.com /chaucer2.html (4124 words)

	Great Schism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The Great Schism of 1054 split the Church into Western and Eastern churches: the Western church gradually consolidated under the central authority of Rome, while the Eastern church adopted the name Orthodox to emphasize their commitment to preserving the traditions of the church and resistance to change.
		Papal elections, originally exercised by the citizens of Rome, had come under the control of the great noble families, among whom the Frangipani and Pierleone families and later the Orsini and the Colonna were the most powerful.
		The opposition of Church and Empire ended with the agreement signed in Worms between Henry V and Pope Calixtus II (1119-1124) in 1122, with the nomination of the bishops by the Church, and the granting of control over feuds by the Emperors.
	www.popes.it /great_schism.html (471 words)

	Roman Catholic Church - Related Items - MSN Encarta
		Great Schism between Roman Catholic and Orthodox Churches
		role of Saint Leo IX in the Great Schism between the Eastern and Western churches
		role of Urban II in the Great Schism between the Eastern and Western churches
	encarta.msn.com /related_761573737_58.77/Florian_Saint.html (134 words)

	The Great Western Schism (Part II) (Seattle Catholic)
		Jean Gerson, the great theologian and later Chancellor of the University of Paris, in both a discourse of 1391 and a treatise Super materiam unionis Ecclesiae, saw the path to sanity in a joint resignation of both men for the common good of Christendom.
		What all this says to me is that the Church recognized that she was dealing, in the Great Western Schism, with a specific historical problem for whose resolution she did not have all the answers at her fingertips.
		Our reform-minded brethren emerging from the Great Western Schism knew that there was no "cheap" way for them to exit from their ecclesiastical nightmare.
	www.seattlecatholic.com /a060215.html (4750 words)

	Is Sedevacantism Catholic? Part 1
		The position of sedevacantism (that of believing that the chair of Peter is vacant even though the Church Militant doesn’t know it) could be found as an example in history just before and during the Great Western Schism, which illustrates the fruit of sedevacantism.
		During the Great Western Schism, the Church was the world power in that the Church controlled, more than anyone else, the countries of the world.
		So we see in the times of the Great Western Schism very bad churchmen in high places who very much scandalized the Church then, and who are scandalous to us poor souls today who try to read the historical accounts.
	www.sspx.org /miscellaneous/is_sedevacantism_catholic1.html (1492 words)

	BONIFACE IX
		BONIFACE IX The great western schism was not a schism in the ordinary sense that people revolted from the pope.
		The Great Western Schism was a split in the Church because it was doubtful to many just who was the legitimate pope.
		In short, the Great Western Schism was stark disaster.
	www.cfpeople.org /Books/Pope/POPEp201.htm (443 words)

	Great Schism - OrthodoxWiki
		The Great Schism is the historic sundering of Eucharistic relations between the See of Rome (now the Roman Catholic Church) and the other Christian patriarchates.
		In Western circles, the term Great Schism is often used to refer to the 14th century schism involving the Avignon Papacy (an event also sometimes called the "Babylonian Captivity").
		The Great Schism was a gradual estrangement to which no specific date can be assigned although it has been conventionally dated to the year 1054.
	www.orthodoxwiki.org /Great_Schism (655 words)

	Let's examine the RCC/EO split in 1054AD: - www.ezboard.com
		An important source of the teachings of the Orthodox Church are the two epistles sent by Patriarch Michael Keroularios of Constantinople to Patriarch Peter of Antioch, which constituted a closing act to the Great Schism between the Eastern and Western parts of the One Church (1054).
		Three of the 12 innovations listed are: the use of unleavened bread by the Western Church for the Liturgy, baptism by only one emersion (instead of three) and the filioque phrase in the Creed.
		The icon screen was omitted, and statues of saints (as opposed to the icons or simple bas-reliefs of earlier times) became increasingly commonplace in Western churches, where the Gothic, the Baroque and the Italian Romanesque supplanted the austere ecclesiastical architecture of the East.
	p105.ezboard.com /fxcatholicfrm2.showMessage?topicID=308.topic (1409 words)

	Papists Product 1
		Clement VII was elected the first anti-pope of the Great Western Schism in the basically French territory by mostly French cardinals under the watchful and protectively dominating eye of the French monarch, who was the world power at the time.
		That king does not confine himself to maintaining that, as sovereign, he is sole and independent master of his temporalities; he haughtily proclaims that, in virtue of the concession made by the pope, with the assent of a general council, to Charlemagne and his successors, he has the right to dispose of vacant ecclesiastical benefices.
		With the consent of the nobility, the Third Estate, and a great part of the clergy, he appeals in the matter from Boniface VIII to a future general council - the implication being that the council is superior to the pope.
	www.prayforthepope.net /PParticle.htm (17840 words)

	The New Forces of the Fourteenth Century
		His greatness is particularly evident in the field of internal administration, which had been rather neglected by his father.
		But great progress was achieved in the unification of the administration through the creation of central offices, and almost all local duchies were converted into provinces directly under the king whose Cuyavian cousins died out with only one exception.
		Therefore various principalities, even in Great Russia, sided in that conflict with the pagan Lithuanians, in spite of the indignation of the ecclesiastical authority which was headed by the metropolitan residing in Moscow.
	victorian.fortunecity.com /wooton/34/halecki/7.htm (8176 words)

	Is Sedevacantism Catholic? Part 2
		It was said that pope and anti-pope were in heresy because they were a party to the schism, but there were those who sounded the warning that “no mere human being has any right to judge him (the reigning Pope)....nor has an assembly of bishops, and still less, one of the cardinals...
		Cardinal Odo Colonna of the famous (and sometimes infamous) Colonna family, which was party to starting the schism by undermining the true pope, was elected Pope Martin V by the Council of Constance.
		The Church was relieved to be rid of the Great Western Schism, but the problems caused by Gallicanism and sedevacantism had not been solved.
	www.sspx.org /miscellaneous/is_sedevacantism_catholic2.html (1658 words)

	Causes of the Reformation: The Religious Condition of Europe @ ELCore.Net
		The withdrawal of the Popes from the capital of Christendom and the unfortunate schism, for which their residence at Avignon is mainly responsible, proved disastrous to the authority of the Holy See.
		The Great Western Schism that followed upon the residence at Avignon divided Christian Europe into hostile camps, and snapped the bond of unity which was already strained to the utmost by political and national rivalries.
		Furthermore, the custom of accepting appeals in the Roman Courts, even when the matters in dispute were of the most trivial kind, was prejudicial to the local authorities, while the undue prolongation of such suits left the Roman lawyers exposed to the charge of making fees rather than justice the motive of their exertions.
	catholicity.elcore.net /MacCaffrey/HCCRFR1_Chapter01c.html (4739 words)

	The Great Schism (1378-1415)\| Lectures in Medieval History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The warfare between France and England, involving most of the rest of western Europe at one time or another, dragged on and on with no clear resolution in sight.
		The people who paid heavy taxes to support the monarchies and aristocracies could not have helped but wonder why these groups could not meet their responsibilities and perform the functions for which they claimed the right of taxing the people.
		The "greater" gilds fought the "lesser" for political control of the cities, all the while that both great and lesser gilds were being supplanted by new, capitalist forms of production.
	www.ku.edu /kansas/medieval/108/lectures/great_schism.html (2615 words)

	The Spitting Camel - The Great Western Schism: The Three Popes
		ROME, 1398 -The Great Western Schism, the divide of the Western Catholic Church, was a political clash between the French and Roman Churches.
		The Greek Church was involved in an earlier Schism when the catholic church split from the one Catholic church, into the Greek Orthidox church and the Roman Catholic Church, this was called The Great East-West Schism.
		Some people believed that the pope of the Greek Orthodox church was directly involved with the Great Western Schism, but the Greek Orthodox Church was not involved in the Great Western Schism because it only conserned the Western Churches.
	gristmillgazette.com /camel3/article.php?story=20041208101457225 (742 words)

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